PRESENTED BY:

Mr.Abrar Rashid Wani4th Year Bsc(N)RajaRajeswari College Of Nursing, Bangalore

ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY

DefnitionAssisted Reproductive technology is defined as the technology used to achieve pregnancy in procedures such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.

TECHNIQUES

ARTIFICIAL

INSEMINATION

It is the deliberate introduction of sperm into the female’s uterus or cervix for the purpose of achieving pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse.

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATIONS

Intracervical insemination Intrauterine insemination Intratubal insemination

TYPES

The seminal vesicle is prepared in the laboratory (washed with special media).

Injected inside the uterus with catheter after stimulating the ovaries to produce more eggs per cycle.

The catheter used here is known as ‘TOM CAT’

INTRA UTERINE INSEMINATION

It involves injection of unwashed or raw semen into the cervix with the needleless syringe.

A vaginal speculum is used to hold open the vagina so that cervix may be observed and then syringe is inserted ,the plunger is pushed forward and semen is emptied deep in the vagina.

INTRACERVICAL INSEMINATION

It involves injection of the washed sperm into the fallopian tube.

It should not be confused with the GIFT , where both the eggs are mixed outside the women's body and then immediately inserted into fallopian tube..

Less used than IUI.

INTRATUBAL INSEMINAtion

IN VITRO FERTILIZATION

In Vitro Fertilization is the uniting of egg and sperm in vitro(in the lab).Subsequently the embryos are transferred into the uterus through the cervix and pregnancy is allowed to begin.

It is the technique of letting fertilization of male and female gametes occur outside the female body.

In Vitro Fertilization

Most commonly used are:1. Transvaginal ovum retrieval (OCR)fallopian 2. Embryo Transfer3. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection4. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer5. Gamet Intrafallopian Transfer6. Surrogacy

TECHNIQUES

Less commonly used are:1. Cytoplasmic Transfer2. Assisted Zona Hatching3. Egg Donors4. Sperm donation5. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis6. Embryo Splitting7. Cryopreservation

Contt…

It is also known as oocyte retrieval is a technique used to remove oocyte from the ovary of the female enabling fertilization outside the body. Transvaginal oocyte retrieval is more properly referred to as transvaginal ovum retrieval when the oocyte has matured in the ova.

Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval

Under ultrasound guidance, the operator inserts a needle through the vaginal wall and into an ovarian follicle, taking care not to injure organs located between the vaginal wall and the ovary.

The other end of the needle is attached to a suction device.

Then the follicular fluid and cellular material is suctioned with the needle.

The procedure usually lasts 10-20 minutes

PROCEDURE

It is an in vitro fertilization procedure in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg.

It is beneficial in the case of male factor infertility where sperm counts are very low.

The first child borne from gamete micromanipulation was a child in Singapore born in April of 1989.

The first activated embryo by ICSI was produced in1990, but the first successful birth by ICSI took place on January 14, 1992.

Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

PROCEDURE

Low sperm count Poor sperm motility Abnormally high amount of morphologically

atypical sperm Obstruction in the epididymus due to past

inflammation retrograde ejaculation Immunological factors

Who Needs ICSI?

It refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed in the uterus of the female to establish the pregnancy

In embryo transfer the embryos are placed in a woman’s uterus. The goal is to create a pregnancy.

The embryos can be either fresh or frozen. if they are frozen, they can thawed right before they are transferred.

It is the last step in a type of fertility treatment.

EMBRYO TRANSFER

It is an infertility treatment used when a blockage in the fallopian tubes prevents the normal binding of sperm to the egg.

Egg cells are removed from a woman’s ovaries, and in vitro fertilized. The resulting zygote is placed into the fallopian tube by the use of laparoscopy.

It has the success rate of 64.8% in all the cases.

Zygote Intra fallopian Transfer(ZIFT)

PROCEDURE

It is a tool of assisted reproductive technology against infertility. Eggs are removed from a woman’s ovaries , and placed in one of fallopian tubes , along with the man’s sperm.

The first attempt was made by Steptoe and Edwards.

It takes on average four to six weeks to complete the cycle of GIFT.

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer

Steps:1. The woman must take a fertility drug to

stimulate egg production in the ovaries.2. Monitoring the growth of the ovarian

follicles.3. Once they are mature, the woman will be

injected the hCG.4. After 36 hours, the eggs will be harvested

mixed with the man’s sperm and placed back into the woman’s fallopian tubes using a laparoscope.

METHOD

Surrogacy is when another woman carries and gives birth to a baby for the couple who want to have a child.

It is the carrying of a pregnancy for intended parents.

In this a woman agrees to became pregnant and deliver a child for a contracted party.

SURROGACY

1. Traditional surrogacy: It is the simplest and least expensive form of surrogacy and is also known as artificial insemination. The surrogate mother uses an insemination kit to became pregnant using an intended father’s semen.

2. Gestational surrogacy: It is physically more complicated and more expensive. Here both the eggs and sperm are taken from intended father and mother.

TYPES

Three Steps:1. Egg Donation2. Fertilization3. Transfer

STAGES

Cytoplasmic transfer: It is the technique in which the contents of a fertile egg from a donor are injected into the infertile of the patient along with the sperm.

Assisted zona hatching: It is performed shortly before the embryo is transferred to the uterus . A small opening is made in the zona pellucida using a micromanipilator , thereby facilitating zona hatching to occur

Other Techniques

Egg Donors: In egg donors eggs are retrieved from a donors ovaries, fertilized in laboratory with the sperm from recipients partner and resulting healthy embryos are returned to recipients uterus.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: It helps in identify genetically abnormal embryos and improve healthy outcomes.

Embryo Splitting: It can be used for twinning to increase the number of available embryos.

Cont…..

Assisted Reproductive Technology involves in vitro fertilization , GIFT, ZIFT, artificial insemination and frozen embryo transfer..

These techniques can also apply to oocyte donation and gestational carriers.

IVF has helped many couples to conceive successfully

Surrogacy is when another woman carries and gives birth to a baby for the couple who want to have a child.

SUMMARY

GENERATION BY MALE AND FEMALE IS A COMMON

LAW TO HUMANS ,ANIMALS AND PLANTS…

THANK YOU