مضادات االلتهاب

أنواعها ودواعى االستعمال

• Anti-inflammatory drugs

• Types and uses

• د حامد عطيه.أ

• مصر-جامعة الزقازيق -استاذ بكلية الطب البيطرى

Main Problems in Farm Animals

• 1- Acute Pneumonia

• 2-Acute enteritis .

• 3-Acute mastitis

• 4-Endometritis

• 5-Claw affections

• 6-Arthritis and Rheumatic pain.

• NB:

• 90 % of problems are inflammatory

Inflammation

• It the reaction of the living tissue to

injury .

• It is the first line of def.mechanism

• It is usually ending by healing.

• It may become more harmful as in

case of peracute mastitis and

rheumatic diseases.

Causes of Inflammation

Pathogenic Microorganisms: It may

be due bacteria, virus or parasites .

Mechanical and thermal

injuries:Excessive cold and trauma.

Chemical poisons:Such as ,acid or

alkalis.

Immune reaction: Urticaria, eczema

and photosensitization.

Stages of Inflammation• 1-Phase 1 (Histamine release)

It increases vascular permeability

It leads to migration of leukocytes and produce pain.

2- Phase 2 (Prostaglandin’s release)

It increases vascular permeability

Induce emigration of leukocytes

Produce Pain+ Hotness+ Swelling.

3- Phase 3 (Lose of function)

1-Depression 2-Fever 3-Loss of appetite.

Anti-inflammatory Drugs

• These are agents which reduce the effect of

substance released at the site of

inflammation such as:

• Prostaglandin

• Bradykinine

• Histamine

Types of Anti-inflammatory Drugs

– 1-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

• Inhibit secretion of cyclo-oxygenase

and phospholipase enzymes so they

prevent secretion of prostaglandin and

leukocytes so they have an immune-

suppressive effect.

Types of Anti-inflammatory Drugs

– 1-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

• Examples

• 1-Dexa-methasone 2- Beta-methasone

• 3-Methyl Prednisolone.

• 4-Dexatimanol. 5 - Predef 2X

Therapeutic Uses

• 1-Allergic skin diseases as eczema and dermatitis.

• 2- Allergic ophthalmic diseases such as

congunctivitis

• 3-Arthritis (injected intra-synovial or peri-ticular.)

• 4-Induction of parturition

• 5-Post parturient ketosis in cows and pregnancy

toxemia in sheep

• 6- Inflammation of skin, eyes or joints.

Side effects of Steroidal Ant.Inf..

• 1-Efects on carbohydrate metabolism:

• A-Induce hyperglcemia and glucosuria.

• B-Decrease glucose utilization in tissues.

• 2-Effects on mineral metabolism:

• A-Loss of K+ , Ca++ and phosphorus.

• B- Retention of Na+ leading to Water retention and

edema .

2-Effects on protein metabolism

• It reduces amino acids available for

protein synthesis resulting in

reducing antibody production

(Immune-suppression).

Other side effects

• *- Retardation of wound healing.

• *-Osteoporosis and fractures of

bones.

• *-Weakening of skeletal muscles.

Contraindication

• 1-pregnant animals.

• 2-Eye infections with corneal ulcer.

• 3-Without antibiotics in infections.

• 4-With vaccination procedures due to

immune body depression.

2-Non steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs

–They exert their effects through

inhibition of prostaglandin by

inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase enzyme

that catalyze the conversion ofarachidonic acid to prostaglandin

Examples of NSAIDS

• 1- Declopheac Sodium

• Decloflam 2.5%

• Diclophenyl 2.5%

• Diaphlam 2.5%(Pharma sweed)

• Decloprema 5%

• Vetrofene 5%

Examples of NSAIDS

• 2-Finadine

• (Flunexine Meglomine)

•

Examples of NSAIDS

• 3-Phenyl butazon• 1-Buta-fenil 3-Phenloject

• 2-Butasyle 4-Arthiridine

Examples of NSAIDS

• 4-Metakam(IFT)

• Tolfen (Inter cova)

• Carprofen (ADWIA) Long acting)

Pharmacological advantages

• 1-Anti-inflammatory

• 2-Antipyretic

• 3-Analgesic

• 4-Anti-rheumatic

• 5- Anti-endotoxic

• 5-Reduce edema and joint effusion

in inflammation.

Side Effects of Non Steroidals

• By Long time use (More than 10 days)

• Gastric ulcers and gastritis

1-Pneumonia• Clinical Signs:• 1-Fever• 2-Shallow rapid Respiration• 3-Cough• 4-Pain in inter-costal muscles• 5-Toxemia.

Calf showing

difficulty in

respiration

Anorexia

dullness

Viral pneumonia.

(Interstitial pneumonia)

Bacterial pneumonia.

Pasteurellosis (shipping fever):

Cause P.hemolytica

P.multocida.

Bronchopneumonia

Lung showing inter

lobular septa.

Main Lines of Treatment ofPneumonia:

• 1-Antibiotic

• 2- Non Steroidal anti-inflammatory

• 3-Vitamin A and C

• 4-Mucolytic

2-Acute enteritis

• Main Clinical Signs:

• 1-Increase Peristaltic movement.

• 2-Sever watery diarrhea.

• 3-Fever.

• 4-Loss of appetite.

• 5- Dehydration.

Clinical signs of diarrhea

Calves are weak ,depressed ,anorexic

Affected animals either recovered or die

After five days.

Line of Treatment of Infectious

Diarrhea

• 1- Anti-acid ( systemic-Isotonic Na Bicarbonate 1.3%).

• 2- Fluid therapy.

• 3-Anti-inflammatory

• 4-Antibiotic (orally and systemic)

• 5-Intestinal astringent and coating

3-Mastitis

• Main Causes:

• 1-E Coli (Coliform Masitis)

• 2-Staphe aurius

• 3-Strept Agalactica

3-Acute Coliform Mastitis

• Main Clinical Signs:

• 1-Fever.

• 2-Pain and swelling in the udder.

• 3-Toxemia.

• 4-Changes in milk secretion

• 5-Loss of appetite.

Main Lines of Treatment of

Acute Mastitis:

• 1-Fluid therapy

• 2-Anti-inflammatory

• 3-Antibiotic(Local+Systemic)

• 4-Antihistaminic

• 5-Vitamin A &C injection