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Animal TestingFor and Against
Animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products.
Many of these experiments cause pain to the animals involved or reduce their quality of life in other ways.
Types of vertebrates used in animal testing in Europe in 2005: a total of 12.1 million animals were used.
Animal testing is used for:
Toxicology testing
Cosmetics testing
Drug testing
Education, breeding, and defense
Xenotransplantation
Studies on models of naturally occurring disease and condition.
In favor of animal experiments:
Treatments made possible by animal testing, including cancer and HIV drugs, insulin, etc.
Animal testing helps to ensure the safety of drugs and many other substances humans use
Human harm is reduced and human lives are saved
Using computer models cannot always predict unknown variables that can be discovered with animal testing.
Against animal experiments:
Morality. It causes suffering to animals.
Necessity. The benefits to human beings are not proven.
Usefulness. Testing could be produced in other ways.
The costs. The housing, feeding and treatments of the animals is very expensive.
Alternatives to animal testing
Epidemiological studies
Clinical research
Genetic research
In vitro studies
Stem cell research
In Silica Research
Advanced art models
Ethical arithmetics
Not all scientists are convinced that these tests are valid and useful.
The three categories of alternative techniques in research and testing named 3 R's
Animal experiments only benefit human beings if their results are valid and can be applied to human beings.
The 3 Rs
Reduction
Refinement
Replacement
Reduction
Improving experimental techniques
Improving techniques of data analysis
Sharing information with other researchers
Refinement
Using less invasive techniques
Better medical care
Better living conditions
Replacement
Experimenting on cell cultures instead of whole animals
Using computer models
Studying human volunteers
Using epidemiological studies