Periodontal Tissues

Tissues that surroundthe teeth

Tissues that support the teeth

GINGIVAPERIODONTAL LIGAMENTCEMENTUMALVEOLAR BONE

GINGIVA

Is the part of the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth.

Gingiva begins at the mucogingival lineand ends at the cervix of each tooth.

G INGIVA

Marginal

Interdental Attached

Marginal, Unattached or Free Gingiva

It is the terminal edge or border of the gingivasurrounding the teeth and it is demarcated from the

attached gingiva by the free gingival groove.

It is the terminal edge or border of the gingivasurrounding the teeth and it is demarcated from the

attached gingiva by the free gingival groove.

Gingival Sulcus

GingivalSulcus

(0.5- 3mm)Gingival

Fluid

JunctionalEpithelium

Surrounds the necks of

each tooth. Have a key role to maintain

the periodontal health. It works as a pathway for

the diffusion of the products

from the metabolism of

bacteria.

Surrounds the necks of

each tooth. Have a key role to maintain

the periodontal health. It works as a pathway for

the diffusion of the products

from the metabolism of

bacteria.

Comes from the

gingival connective

tissue.

Helps to the

mechanical cleaning of

the sulcus.

Has antimicrobial

properties.

Comes from the

gingival connective

tissue.

Helps to the

mechanical cleaning of

the sulcus.

Has antimicrobial

properties.

Junctional Epithelium Gingival Fuid

Attached Gingiva

It is a continuity to the marginal gingiva.Is firm, resilient and firmly bound to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone

Interdental Gingiva (Papilla)

It occupies the gingival embrasure.Can be pyramidal or has a “col” shape

The gingiva consists of

Central core ofConnective Tissue

Stratified SquamousEpithelium

FibersGround SubstanceCells

Keratinized or Parakeratinized

Non-keratinized

Gingival Fibres

Gingivodental Fibres

Circular

Transseptal

To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the tooth.

To provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surface.

To unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingiva.

FunctionsFunctions

Correlation of Clinical and Microscopic Features

Size

CoralPink

The bulk of cellular and intercellular elements and their vascular supply

Colour

Correlation of Clinical and Microscopic Features

ShapeConsistency

Firm and Resilient

Contour

Peel orange appearance

(A. Gingiva and central

portion of I. Papilla) Smooth in the

borders

Texture

Periodontal Ligament.Cementum.Alveolar Bone

It is the connective tissue that surrounds the root and connects it to the bone.

Periodontal Ligament

Transseptal Alveolar Crest Horizontal Oblique Apical Interradicular

Periodontal FibersPeriodontal Fibers

They are the most important component of the P. Ligamentand are arranged in 6 groups:

1. Connective tissue cells: Fibroblasts, cementoblasts and osteoblasts.

2. Epithelial rest cells (Malassez): Close to the cementum, more numerous at the apical area.

3. Immune system cells: Neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, etc.

4. Cells associated with neurovascular elements

Cellular ElementsCellular Elements

Physical: Attachment of the teeth to the bone,

transmission of the occlusal forces and resistance to the impact of these forces and maintenance of the gingival tissue in their proper relationship to the teeth.

Functions of the Periodontal Ligament

Formative and Remodelling: Cells of the P. Ligament participate in the

formation and resorption of cementum and bone.

Nutritional and Sensory: By the blood vessels and sensory nerve

fibers that transmit tactile, pressure and pain sensetions.

Functions of the Periodontal Ligament

CEMENTUM

Acellular Cellular

Calcified tissue that forms the outer surface of the anatomic root

It is the first to be formed, before the tooth reaches the occlusal plane.Covers the cervical third or half of the root.It doesn't contain cells.

Formed after the tooth reaches the occlusal plane.More irregular and contains cells (cementocytes).Less calcified than the a cellular type.

Alveolar Bone

Alveolar bone proper

External plate of cortical bone

Cancellous Trabeculae

It is the portion of the jaws that formsand supports the tooth sockets.It’s formed when the tooth erupts to provides the osseous attachment to the tooth and disappears gradually after the tooth is lost.

Radiographic Features

TASK

Write about: Fenestration.Dehiscence.Gingival Col.

Bibliography

Carranza´s. Clinical Periodontology. 9th ed. 2003. pg:15-55.

Gururaja R. Textbook of Periodontology.

2nd ed. pg: 6. Klaus H. Color Atlas of Dental Medicine.

Periodontology. Vol 1. 1989. pg: 1- 10.