ANAT 321

REVIEW

LABORATORY

(slides created by Emma Duerden, M.Sc.)

NEUROANATOMY LAB

GENERAL INFORMATION

• Lab exam is in slide format

ANAT 321

• 50% material will be from the labs, and the other 50% will be myelin stained sections

• Quiz available on MACSS website

• Neuroanatomy websites:– Digital anatomist:

• http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/da.html– The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain

• http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/BrainAnatomy/BrainAnatomy.html

– Neuroanatomy and neuropathology on the Internet • www.neuropat.dote.hu/

• These slides created by Emma Duerden, M.Sc.

Neuroanatomy Websites

ANAT 321NEUROANATOMY LAB

REVIEW LABS 1 & 2

• Lab 1– Dorsal and ventral views of the brainstem– Medulla – Pons– Midbrain – Cranial nerves

• Lab 2 – Dorsal views of the brainstem– Transected midbrain– Sagittal sections

REVIEW LABS 3 & 4

• Lab 3– Cerebral vasculature– Meninges– Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) production– Hemispheric anatomy

• Lateral and medial views

• Lab 4 – Basal ganglia

• Coronal and horizontal views

BRAINSTEM VENTRAL VIEW MIDBRAIN

medulla

pons

midbrain

BRAINSTEM VENTRAL VIEW MIDBRAIN

medulla

pons

midbrain

Cerebral peduncleCN 3

CN 5CN 6

Pyramid

CN 9

CN 8CN 7

CN 10

Inferior olive

Internal capsule – cerebral peduncles - pyramids

Cerebral peduncles

Internal capsule

pyramids

BRAINSTEM VENTRAL VIEW MIDBRAIN

medulla

pons

midbrain

BRAINSTEM VENTRAL VIEW MIDBRAIN

medulla

pons

midbrain

Cerebral peduncleCN 3

CN 5CN 6

Pyramid

CN 9CN 8

CN 7

CN 10Inferior olive

REVIEW: LAB 1

• Question– Which cranial nerve

exits superior to the pyramids at the level of the pons?

• Answer– The CN6

BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellum

BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellum

Superior colliculus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Nucleus gracilis

Nucleus cuneatus

4th ventricle

inferior colliculus

REVIEW: LAB 1

• Question– Which cranial nerves lies behind

inferior olives?

• Answer– CN 9 &10

REVIEW: LAB 1

• Question– What is the relationship between the

cerebral peduncles and the pyramids?

HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW

HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW

thalamus

septum pellicudum

Anterior commissure

Lamina terminalis

mamillary body

optic chiasm

aqueduct

4th ventricle

HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW

HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW

3rd ventricle

fornix

Corpus callosum

hypothalamus

infundibulum

HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW

HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW

3rd ventricle

thalamus

4th ventricle

fornix

Corpus callosum

septum pellucidum

Anterior commissureLamina terminalishypothalamus

hypothalamic sulcus

mamillary body

infundibulum

Optic chiasm

Foramen of Monroe

REVIEW: LAB 2

• Be sure that you understand the shape of the fornix

• Answer– The fornix is a white

matter fiber intra-hemispheric structure that connects the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies

hippocampi

BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellum

BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellumSuperior colliculus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Nucleus gracilis

Nucleus cuneatus

4th ventricle

Medial geniculate nucleus

Pulvinarinferior colliculus

brachium

BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellum

BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellumSuperior colliculus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Nucleus cuneatus

4th ventricle

inferior colliculus

brachium

Pulvinar

REVIEW: LAB 1 & 2

• Which cerebellar penduncle connects the pons to the cerebellum?

• Answer– The cerebellum is attached to the

pons through the middle cerebellar peduncle

TRANSECTED MIDBRAIN

TRANSECTED MIDBRAIN

Cerebral aqueduct

Substantia nigra

Cerebral peduncles

Red nucleus

Cerebral Vasculature

Internal carotid artery

Anterior blood supply

Posterior blood supply

Vertebral artery

Cerebral Vasculature

Posterior communicating artery

Cerebral Vasculature

Superior cerebellar artery

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Vertebral artery

Posterior cerebral artery

REVIEW: LAB 3 & 4

• Identify:– Anterior

communicating artery – internal carotid artery– Middle cerebral artery

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

REVIEW: LAB 3 & 4

• Identify:– Anterior

communicating artery – internal carotid artery– Middle cerebral artery

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

Cerebral Vasculature

Posterior communicating artery

Cerebral Vasculature

Superior cerebellar artery

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Internal carotid artery

Vertebral arteries

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Middle cerebral artery

Anterior cerebral artery

Posterior cerebral artery

Meninges

Name the 3 layers of the meninges

- Dura mater

- Arachnoid mater

- Pia mater

Meninges

Identify:

- Dura mater

- Arachnoid mater

Meninges

Identify:

- Dura mater

- Arachnoid mater

Meninges Arachnoid Granulations

http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/BrainAnatomy/2Meninges.html

Arachnoid granulations

Dura outer layer

Dura inner layer

Meninges

Identify:

- Sagittal sinus

- Dura mater

- Arachnoid mater

Meninges

Identify:

- Sagittal sinus

- Dura mater

- Arachnoid mater

Meninges

Meninges

Arachnoid granulations

Arachnoid mater

Meninges CSF production review

HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW

Calcarine fissure

Parieto-occipital fissure

cuneus

Lingual gyrus

Cingulate gyrus

uncus

Parahippocampal gyrusCourtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW

Lateral sulcusTemporal

lobe

Frontal lobe

Pre-occipital notch

Parieto-occipital fissure

Central sulcus

Occipital lobe

Parietal lobe

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW

Central sulcus

Inferior temporal gyrus

superior temporal gyrus

middle temporal gyrus

Post central gyrus

precentral gyrus

Lateral sulcus

inferior frontal gyrus

middle frontal gyrus

Superior frontal gyrus

superior parietal lobule

Inferior parietal lobule

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW

• Locate Heschl’s gyrus

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW • Locate frontal and parietal

opercula

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

REVIEW: LAB 3

• What sulcus separates the frontal and temporal lobes?

• Answer– The lateral sulcus

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

REVIEW: LAB 3

• What gyrus lies inferior to the calcarine sulcus?

• Answer– The lingual gyrus

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

REVIEW: LAB 4

• What structures comprise the basal ganglia?

Caudate nucleus

Putamen (lateral)

Globus pallidus (medial)

anterior

posterior

HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

Caudate nucleus

Lateral ventricles

Corpus callosum

anterior

posterior

Thalamus

Corpus callosum

fornix

Septum pellucidum

Internal capsule

Extreme capsule

External capsule

Claustrum

insula Putamen

Anterior limb

genu

Posterior limb

HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

anterior

posterior

BASAL GANGLIAHORIZONTAL SECTIONS

anterior

posterior

Fornix

Internal capsule

Posterior limbinsula

Anterior limb

HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS

Septum pellucidum

Caudate nucleus

Corpus callosum

anterior

posterior

HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS

Lateral ventricles

Corpus callosum

Thalamus

Septum pellucidum

anterior

posterior

Insula anterior limb

posterior limb

genu

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

Internal capsule

HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS

fornix

HEMISPHERESCORONAL SECTIONS

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

HEMISPHERESCORONAL SECTIONS

Caudate nucleus

putamen

Internal capsule

External capsule

extreme capsule

clastrum

insula

Globus pallidus

Lateral ventricleSeptum pellucidum

fornix

hypothalamus

3rd ventricle

HEMISPHERESCORONAL SECTIONS

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

HEMISPHERESCORONAL SECTIONS

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

Internal capsule

External capsule

Extreme capsule

ClastrumInsula

Globus pallidus

Lateral ventricle (body)

Septum pellucidum

3rd ventriclehippocampusLateral ventricle

Corpus callosum

Caudate nucleus (tail)

Fornix

Thalamus

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

REVIEW: LAB 4

• Identify:– Globus pallidus– Putamen– Third ventricle

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

REVIEW: LAB 4

• Identify:– Globus pallidus– Putamen– Third ventricle

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

REVIEW: LAB 4

• What structures does the posterior limb of the internal capsule separate?

• Answer: – The thalamus and

globus pallidus

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

QUIZ

A

B

C

D

Answer Key

– A: CN 3– B: Pons– C:CN 6– D: CN 12

A

B

C

D

Answer Key

– A: cerebral aqueduct– B: substantia nigra – C: cerebral peduncle– D: red nucleus

A

B

C

D

E

Answer Key

– A: brachium of the inferior colliculus– B: superior cerebellar penduncle– C: inferior cerebellar peduncle– D: nucleus cuneatus– E: inferior colliculus

AB

C

D

E

Answer Key

– A: septum pellucidum– B: fornix– C: fourth ventricle– D: hypothalamic sulcus– E: lamina terminalis

AB

C

D

Answer Key

– A: superior colliculus– B: inferior colliculus– C: nucleus gracilis– D: pulvinar

E

B

C

D

A

Answer Key

– A: corpus callosum– B: extreme capsule– C: globus pallidus– D: claustrum– E: caudate nucleus

A

B

C

D

E

Answer Key

– A: lateral ventricle– B: fornix– C: posterior limb of internal capsule– D: caudate nucleus– E: insula

A

B

C

D

E

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

Answer Key

– A: anterior communicating artery– B: posterior communicating artery– C: superior cerebellar artery– D: vertebral artery– E: anterior cerebral artery

A

B C

D

E

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

Answer Key

– A: cingulate gyrus – B: fornix– C: parahippocampal gyrus– D: cuneus– E: parieto-occipital fissure

A

B

C

D

E

Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington

Answer Key

– A: internal carotid artery– B: superior cerebellar artery– C: posterior inferior cerebellar artery– D: superior cerebellar artery – E: vertebral artery