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This lecture explains the approach to focal lucent bony lesion in plain radiograph with different examples to illustrate the steps of thinking.
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Analysis of focal lucent bony Analysis of focal lucent bony lesionlesion
Dr/Ahmed Bahnassy-M.B.CH.B.-Dr/Ahmed Bahnassy-M.B.CH.B.-M.D. Radiodiagnosis- AlexandriaM.D. Radiodiagnosis- Alexandria
FRCR-London.FRCR-London.
Study of lucent bony lesion depends Study of lucent bony lesion depends on:1.structural modification.on:1.structural modification.
2.periosteal reaction.2.periosteal reaction.3.tumour matrix.3.tumour matrix.4.tumoural extension.4.tumoural extension.
Structural modificationStructural modification
The bone reacts to any form of aggression The bone reacts to any form of aggression by either :by either :
1.stimulation of osteoclasts ..leading to 1.stimulation of osteoclasts ..leading to osteolysis.osteolysis.
2.stimulation of osteoblasts..leading to 2.stimulation of osteoblasts..leading to sclerosis.sclerosis.
Hence bony reaction to aggression can Hence bony reaction to aggression can be :be :
Lytic …Lytic …Sclerotic..Sclerotic..Or mixed.Or mixed.
OsteolysisOsteolysis
Analysis is based upon LODWICK criteria:Analysis is based upon LODWICK criteria:Type I :Geographical lesion .Type I :Geographical lesion .Type II :moth eaten lesion ..Type II :moth eaten lesion ..Type Iii :peremeative bony lesion.Type Iii :peremeative bony lesion.
Different types of osteolysisDifferent types of osteolysis::
Geographical bony lesionGeographical bony lesion
Focal lesion ,well defined, rounded, lobulated or Focal lesion ,well defined, rounded, lobulated or polygonalpolygonal
Can be divided to 3 sub types :Can be divided to 3 sub types : IA: sclerotic margins denoting slowly progressive IA: sclerotic margins denoting slowly progressive
lesion (bone cyst ,NOF ,Fibrous dysplasia)lesion (bone cyst ,NOF ,Fibrous dysplasia) IB: well defined ,non sclerotic margins ,denoting IB: well defined ,non sclerotic margins ,denoting
more rapid ,but still benign lesion (GCT, more rapid ,but still benign lesion (GCT, Chondromyxoid fibroma).Chondromyxoid fibroma).
IC :ill defined border denoting rapidly evoluting IC :ill defined border denoting rapidly evoluting lesion (Malignant or infectious)lesion (Malignant or infectious)
Moth eaten lesionMoth eaten lesion
Formed of small multiple bony lucencies Formed of small multiple bony lucencies destroying the cortex .destroying the cortex .
Corresponds to either infectious or Corresponds to either infectious or malignant lesion .malignant lesion .
Permeative lesionPermeative lesion
Cortical destruction by multiple bony Cortical destruction by multiple bony lucencies ,seen in tangential view .lucencies ,seen in tangential view .
Denoting a very aggressive process ..Denoting a very aggressive process ..Either malignant or infectious.Either malignant or infectious.
SclerosisSclerosis
Originates from :Originates from :1.Calcified tumor matrix.1.Calcified tumor matrix.2.Osseous necrosis( infarction ,aseptic 2.Osseous necrosis( infarction ,aseptic
necrosis,or sequestrum )necrosis,or sequestrum )
Mixed processesMixed processes
Geographical osteolyis ,surrounded by Geographical osteolyis ,surrounded by dense sclerosis:dense sclerosis:
Denotes slowly progressive lesion (osteoid Denotes slowly progressive lesion (osteoid osteoma,Osteoblastoma or chronic osteoma,Osteoblastoma or chronic
osteitis )osteitis )Complex ,disorganized lesion formed of Complex ,disorganized lesion formed of
lytic and sclerotic areas almost always lytic and sclerotic areas almost always with malignant or infectious pathologieswith malignant or infectious pathologies
Periosteal reactionPeriosteal reaction
Periosteal agression by a bony lesion (or Periosteal agression by a bony lesion (or less frequently soft tissue lesion )leads to less frequently soft tissue lesion )leads to osteogenesis from subperiosteal osteogenesis from subperiosteal osteoblasts .osteoblasts .
Manifested 2-4 weeks after beginning of Manifested 2-4 weeks after beginning of the process.the process.
Types of periosteal reactionTypes of periosteal reaction: :
1.Solid homogenous.1.Solid homogenous.2.Remodelled reaction.2.Remodelled reaction.3.continuous-separate from the cortex(uni 3.continuous-separate from the cortex(uni
or multi-lamellar).or multi-lamellar).4.Spiculated reaction (sun ray..brush 4.Spiculated reaction (sun ray..brush
border)border)5.discontinuous periosteal reaction.5.discontinuous periosteal reaction.
Periosteal reactionPeriosteal reaction
Periosteal reactionPeriosteal reaction
Analysis of tumour matrixAnalysis of tumour matrix
1.CT density .1.CT density .2.Aspect.2.Aspect.3.Vascularity .3.Vascularity .4.Locoregional extension.4.Locoregional extension. Osseous.Osseous. Soft Tissue.Soft Tissue. Distant.Distant.
Types of tumor matrixTypes of tumor matrix: :
Osseous matrix :geographic ,lytic ,CT Osseous matrix :geographic ,lytic ,CT =100-1000 HU,MRI =hypo in all =100-1000 HU,MRI =hypo in all sequencessequences
Cartilaginous matrix : lobulated with Cartilaginous matrix : lobulated with flocculant calcifications ring and C-shaped, flocculant calcifications ring and C-shaped, hypo T1,hyper T2 in MRI.hypo T1,hyper T2 in MRI.
Others :Cystic, Others :Cystic, fatty,homogenous ,heterogenous .fatty,homogenous ,heterogenous .
Loco-regional extensionLoco-regional extension
Diagnostic orientation :Diagnostic orientation :1.Age :after 40 years-infants.1.Age :after 40 years-infants.
2.Sex:2.Sex:3.Clinical presentation:3.Clinical presentation:
4.Location :long or flat bones-4.Location :long or flat bones-epi, meta or diaphyseal-central epi, meta or diaphyseal-central
or eccentricor eccentric..
Now some examplesNow some examples
Eccentric metaphyseal lucent lesion-Eccentric metaphyseal lucent lesion-GCTGCT
Meta-epiphyseal eccentric lucency Meta-epiphyseal eccentric lucency with sclerotic margins (NOF)with sclerotic margins (NOF)
Metaphyseal dense lesion-Metaphyseal dense lesion-EnchondromaEnchondroma
ChondromaChondroma
Eccentric metaphyseal lucency with Eccentric metaphyseal lucency with cortical destruction (Telangiectatic cortical destruction (Telangiectatic
osteosarcoma)osteosarcoma)
Epihyseal lucency with central Epihyseal lucency with central sclerosis (osteoid osteoma)sclerosis (osteoid osteoma)
Expanded-sclerosed vertebra Expanded-sclerosed vertebra (Paget disease )(Paget disease )
Vertebral body lucency (mets-GCT-Vertebral body lucency (mets-GCT-Active Paget )Active Paget )
Meta-diaphyseal sclerosis +ST Meta-diaphyseal sclerosis +ST swelling +periosteal reaction swelling +periosteal reaction
=Ewing sarcoma=Ewing sarcoma
Metaphyseal lesion with Metaphyseal lesion with densities and no cortical densities and no cortical
destructiondestruction
Still It was chondrosarcoma !Still It was chondrosarcoma !
Ollier diseaseOllier disease
ChondroblastomaChondroblastoma
OsteochondromaOsteochondroma
Chondromyxoid fibromaChondromyxoid fibroma
Chondromyxoid Chondromyxoid fibromafibroma
OsteoblastomaOsteoblastoma
Giant cell tumorGiant cell tumor
Ewing SarcomaEwing Sarcoma
Soft tissue swelling ..for MRISoft tissue swelling ..for MRI
Ewing SarcomaEwing Sarcoma
OsteosarcomaOsteosarcoma
ChondroChondro--
sarcomasarcoma
Multiple MyelomaMultiple Myeloma
Multiple MyelomaMultiple Myeloma
ChordomaChordoma
Aneurysmal Bone cystAneurysmal Bone cyst
ABC- CTABC- CT
Eosinophilic GranulomaEosinophilic Granuloma
Eosinophilic granulomaEosinophilic granuloma
AngiosracomaAngiosracoma
Thank you Thank you ……