AMOEBIASIS

AMOEBIASIS IS A PROTOZOAL INFECTION INITIALLY INVOLVES

COLON LIVER LUNGS

ETIOLOGIC AGENT

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA. PREVALENT IN UNSANITARY AREAS. COMMON IN WARM CLIMATE . ACQUIRED BY SWALLOWING. CYST SURVIVES A FEW DAYS OUTSIDE OF

THE BODY .

CYST PASSES TO THE LARGE INTESTINE AND HATCH INTO TROPHOZOITESIT PASSES INTO THE MESENTRIC VEINS TO THE PORTAL VEIN TO THE LIVER THEREBY FORMING TO BECOME

AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS.

TWO DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

1. TROPHOZITES/ VEGETATIVE FORM ARE THE FACULTATIVE PARASITES

THAT MAY INVADE THE TISSUES OR MAY BE FOUND IN THE PARASITIZED TISSUES AND LIQUID COLONIC CONTENTS.

2. CYST

a. CYST IS PASSED OUT WITH FORMED OR SEMI-FORMED STOOLS AND ARE RESISTANT TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS.

b. THIS IS CONSIDERED AS THE

INFECTIVE IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF E HISTOLYTICA.

PATHOLOGY

WHEN THE CYST IS SWALLOWED , IT PASSES THROUGH THE STOMACH UNHARMED AND SHOWS NO ACTIVITY WHILE IN AN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT .

THIS THE FIRST OPPORTUNITY OF THE ORGANISM TO COLONIZE AND IT’S SUCCESS DEPENDS ON ONE OR MORE METACYSTIC TROPHOZITES MAKING CONTACT WITH THE MUCOSA.

!!!!!!SOURCE!!!!!!

HUMAN EXCRETA (HUMAN EXCRETIONS)

INCUBATION PERIOD THE INCUBATION PERIOD IN SEVERE

INFECTION IS THREE DAYS.

IN SUB ACUTE AND CHRONIC FORM IT LASTS FOR SEVERAL MONTHS.

IN AVERAGE CASES THE INCUBATION PERIOD VARIES FROM THREE TO FOUR WEEKS.

PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY

THE MICROORGANISM IS COMMUNICABLE FOR THE ENTIRE DURATION OF THE ILLNESS .

MODE OF TRANSMISSION THE DISEASE CAN BE PASSED FROM ONE

PERSON TO ANOTHER THROUGH :

FECAL-ORAL TRANSMISSION DIRECT CONTACT SEXUAL CONTACT

INGESTION OF FOOD ( UNCOOKED LEAFY VEGETABLES)

FOOD OR DRINKS MAYBE CONTAMINATED BY CYST THROUGH POLLUTION OF WATER SUPPLIES,EXPOSURE TO FLIES USE OF NIGHT SOIL FOR FERTILIZING VEGETABLES, AND THROUGH

UNHYGIENIC PRACTICES OF FOOD HANDLERS.

PATHOGENESISPATHOPHYSIOLOGY

INGESTION OF BACTERIA

MULTIPLICATION IN MUCOSA

ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION AFFECTING THE LINING OF THE SMALL INTESTINES, COLON AND CAPILLARY

NECROSIS OF THE MUCOSAL LAYER

ULCERATION

GANGRENE

TOXEMIA

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS1. ACUTE AMOEBIC DYSENTERY

a. SLIGHT ATTACK OF DIARRHEA ALTERED WITH PERIODS OF CONSTIPATION AND OFTEN ACCOMPANIED BY TENESMUS.

b. DIARRHEA, WATERY AND FOUL-SMELLING STOOL OFTEN CONTAINING BLOOD STREAKED MUCUS.

c. COLIC AND GASEOUS DISTENSION OF THE LOWER ABDOMEN.

d. NAUSEA, FLATULENCE ABDOMINAL DISTENSION AND TENDERNESS IN THE RIGHT ILIAC REGION OVER THE COLON

2. CHRONIC AMOEBIC DYSENTERY a. ATTACK OF DYSENTERY THAT LASTS FOR SEVERAL DAYS USUALLY SUCCEDED BY CONSTIPATION.

b. TENESMUS ACCOMPANIED BY THE DESIRE TO DEFECATE .

c. ANOREXIA, WEIGHT LOSS AND WEAKNESS .

d. LIVER MAY BE ENLARGED.

EXTRAINTESTINAL FORMS a. PAIN AT THE UPPER RIGHT QUDRANT WITH TENDERNESS OF THE LIVER.

b. JAUNDICE.

c. INTERMITTENT FEVER.

d. LOSS OF WEIGHT OR ANOREXIA.

e. ABSCESS MAY BREAK THROUGH THE LUNGS, PATIENT COUGHS ANCHOVY SAUCE SPUTUM.

DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATION

1.STOOL EXAM. ( CYST,WHITE AND YELLOW PUS WITH PLENTY OF AMOEBA)

2. BLOOD EXAM. ( LEUKOCYTOSIS)

3. PROTOSCOPY/ SIGMOIDOSCOPY.

TREATMENT MODALITIES 1. METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL) 800 Mg TID 5 DAYS

2. TETRACYCLINE 250 Mg EVERY 6 HOURS

3. AMPICILLIN,QUINOLONES.

4. STREPTOMYCIN

5. LOST FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES SHOULD BE REPLACED

NURSING MANAGEMENT1. OBSERVE ISOLATION AND ENTERIC

PRECAUTION2. PROVIDE HEALTH EDUCATION AND

INSTRUCT PATIENT TO: . BOIL WATER FOR DRINKING OR USE PURIFIED WATER

. AVOID WASHING FOOD FROM OPEN DRUM OR PAIL . COVER LEFT OVER FOOD . WASH HANDS AFTER DEFECATION OR BEFORE EATING . AVOID GROUND VEGETABLES (LETTUCE, CARROTS)

METHODS OF PREVENTION 1. HEALTH EDUCATION

2. SANITARY DISPOSAL OF FECES

3. PROTECT, CHLORINATE, AND PURIFY DRINKING WATER

4. OBSERVE SCRUPULOUS CLEANLINESS IN FOOD PREPARATION HANDLING

5. DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF CARRIERS

6. FLY CONTROL ( THEY CAN SERVE AS VECTOR)

THANK YOU

PRESENTED BY: ISAAC MELANIE ANDIA CIRILO

PRESENTED TO: MS. ROWENA QUITORIANO R.N