AIRWAY MANAGEMENTPROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)

PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB

BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN

INTRODUCTION

• BASIC AIRWAY MANAGEMENT

• Treatment

• Prevention

• ADVANCED AIRWAY MANAGEMENT

• Relies on medical equipment

• AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN SPECIFIC SITUATION

BASIC AIRWAY MANAGEMENT

TREATMENT PREVENTION

Removing foreign bodies from airways

encouraging the victim to cough,

followed by hard back slaps

abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)

or chest thrusts

focuses on preventing the tongue from

falling back and obstructing the airways

head-tilt/chin-lift and jaw-thrust

maneuvers

recovery position mainly

prevents aspiration of things like

stomach content or blood.

ADVANCED AIRWAY MANAGEMENT

1. REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES

• foreign objects are either removed by suction or with e.g. a Magill forceps under inspection of the airway with a laryngoscope or bronchoscope.

2. SUPRAGLOTTIC TECHNIQUES

• Nasopharyngeal airway

• Oropharyngeal airway

• Supraglottic airway

• Medical proceduresperformed in order tocreate an open pathwaybetween a patient’s lungsand the outside world.

• can be performed blind orwith visualization ofthe glottis e.g. by the use ofa laryngoscope

• Components :

1. Removal of foreignbodies

2. Supraglottic techniques

3. Infraglottic techniques

4. Surgical method

3. INFRAGLOTTIC TECHNIQUES

Tracheal intubation

• placement of a flexible plastic or rubber tube into the trachea

• to maintain an open airway

• to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs

• performed in critically injured, ill or anesthetized patients to facilitate ventilation of the lungs

• to prevent the possibility of airway obstruction

• Use an endotracheal tube

4. SURGICAL METHODS

making a surgical incision is made below the glottis in order to achieve direct access to the lower respiratory tract

Cricothyrotomy

• an incision made through the skin and cricothyroidmembrane

• between thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

Tracheostomy

• created opening from the skin of the neck down to the trachea

• where a person will need to be on a mechanical ventilator for a longer period

• less risk of infection and damage to the trachea such as tracheal stenosis.

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

• a.k.a CPR

• to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest

• indicated in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing

• main purpose is to restore partial flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart

• COMPLICATION

o Ribs fracture

o Sternal fracture

o Bleeding at anterior mediastinum