Global Estimates of the Burden of

Injury and Illness at Work in 2013

Dr Jukka Takala

Executive Director

Workplace Safety and Health Institute

May 2013

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INDUSTRY PARTNER

Educating & Engaging Stakeholders, Promoting

WSH

WSHC Workplace Safety & Health Council

THINK TANK

Charting New Grounds for WSH Excellence and

Innovation

WSHI Workplace Safety & Health Institute

REGULATOR

Legislation, Policies, Compliance Assistance &

Enforcement

OSHD Occupational Safety & Health Division

Progressing WSH in Singapore

What we do

Singapore’s WSH Framework

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Region

Economically

active

population

Fatal

accidents

reported

to the ILO

(2008)

Fatal

accidents

best

estimate

2008

Accidents

causing at

least 4 days'

absence

Average est.

2008

Work-

related

diseases

Work-

related

mortality

Deaths

caused by

dangerous

substances

EME 427,681,309 11,210 15,159 14,252,505 269,989 285,148 90,400

FSE 193,354,716 2,111 14,519 13,650,601 170,166 184,685 56,976

CHN 740,792,400 180 97,542 91,706,292 334,138 431,680 111,879

IND 473,300,000 179 46,928 44,120,055 355,863 402,791 119,153

OAI 457,166,678 1,247 80,567 75,746,706 269,541 350,107 90,250

SSA 273,414,298 15 57,771 54,314,626 364,551 422,322 122,062

LAC 222,632,385 2,196 31,165 29,300,625 107,180 138,345 35,887

MEC 128,010,251 929 14,296 13,441,062 73,687 87,984 24,673

All 2008: 2,991,283,518 21,604 320,580 317,421,473 2,022,570 2,343,149 910,286

USA 154,287,000 5,214 5,370 5,594,188 95,808 101,179 38,016

EU-27 237,997,300 4,706 5,900 7,374,297 161,970 167,870 73,989

Singapore new 3,340,000 61 61 57,000 1,360 1,421 406

Finland 2,726,000 41 49 42,708 1,693 1,734 871

Work-related Fatalities – World 2.99 billion economically active, 2008 (some data 2003)

17%

32%

8% 23%

1% 1%

0.4% 18%

Communicable diseases Cancer

Respiratory Diseases Circulatory diseases

Mental Disorders Digestive systems diseases

Genitourinary system Accidents and violence

Deaths attributed to work, 2.3 million/year

Sources: Hämäläinen P, Takala J,

Saarela KL; TUT, ILO, EU-OSHA, 2008

Work-related Annual Deaths – World

3%

57% 6%

23%

4% 1%

0.4% 5%

Communicable diseases Cancers

Respiratory Diseases Circulatory diseases

Mental Disorders Digestive systems diseases

Genitourinary system Accidents and violence

Deaths attributed to work, 168 000/year

Work-related Annual Deaths – EU-27

Sources: Hämäläinen P, Takala J,

Saarela KL; TUT, ILO, EU-OSHA

Work-related Annual Deaths – EU-27 and pattern in other developed countries

Occupational Cancer

• UK: 8010 deaths/year (Rushton a.o.: Br Journal of Cancer, 2012)

• UK: ILO Attr.Fractions: 13 300 deaths/year

• see also V McCormack, J Peto, G Byrnes, K Straif and P Boffetta, BJC 2012

• USA today: 37 000 – 61 000 deaths/ year

• USA : 12,086 - 26,244 deaths/year, Steenland 2003

• Sources: http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v107/n1s/index.html

• http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_protect/@protrav/@safework/documents/

publication/wcms_162662.pdf and TUT/WSH Institute/ILO/EU-OSHA documentation

• http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v106/n3/full/bjc2011563a.html

Estimation of work-related Fatalities – EU 27/USA

• 205/147 million people in employment

• 168,000/91,012 fatalities attributed to work-related accidents and

diseases in EU, and within that:

– 159,000/84,155 fatalities attributed to work-related diseases

– 7,460/6,857 fatalities caused by accidents at work

– 74,000/38,016 fatalities attributed to hazardous substances at work

(asbestos included)

• 95,581/51,900 work-related cancer deaths annually

(9.6% of all cancer deaths estimated to be attributable to work)

(2002)

Estimation of work-related Fatalities – EU 27/USAyear 2008

238/154 million people economically active

168,000/101,179 fatalities attributed to work-related accidents and diseases in EU, and within that:

o 162,000/96,000 fatalities attributed to work-related diseases

o 5,900/5,370 fatalities caused by accidents at work

o 72,426/46,950 fatalities attributed to hazardous substances at work (allergens, ETS, asbestos, diesel exhaust etc. included)

95,581/51,900 work-related cancer deaths annually (9.6% of all cancer deaths estimated to be attributable to work, 2002)

Sources and methods, see also earlier: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_protect/@protrav/@safework/documents/publication/wcms_162662.pdfhttp://www.ttl.fi/en/publications/electronic_journals/asian_pacific_newsletter/archives/Documents/Asian_Pacific_Newsletter1_2000.pdf

Major causes of death by age group,

EU-25, 2001

Work –relatedness of common

diseases

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WorkWork--relatedness of common diseasesrelatedness of common diseases

Overall work-relatedness of mortality, ILO: 6.7%

GDP loss, Australian method 5.9%

Global Burden of disease and injury in Europe, WHO 5.0%

Work –relatedness of common

diseases

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New 4.8 % previous:

Magnitude of non-fatal work-related

illnesses and accidents

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7 million in Europe in 2007

20 million in Europe 2007

11,113 reportable

workplace injuries in

Singapore in 2012

987 occupational diseases

(OD) were confirmed in

Singapore in 2012

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Projected cases of Selected diseases - UK Population and working population, 2006-2030

For each of the following issues, please tell me whether it is of major concern, some concern or no concern at all in your establishment

% establishments, EU27

5344

38 3630

18 18

2635

41

22 31

19 19

20 21 20

41 38

62 62

0 .0

10 .0

2 0 .0

3 0 .0

4 0 .0

50 .0

6 0 .0

70 .0

8 0 .0

9 0 .0

10 0 .0

A ccident s M SD s W R St ress D angerous

subst ances

N oise and

vibrat ion

V io lence or

t hreat o f

vio lence

B ullying or

harassment

Major concern Some concern No concern DK/ NA

EU-OSHA Enterprise Survey of New

and Emerging Risks

Problem

New and emerging risks

• New risks – e.g. Nanotechnologies

• New industries – e.g. Green jobs

• Old risks – new concerns: combined exposures

Trends influencing occupational

safety and health

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1. Demographic trends

2. Globalisation

3. Changes in employment

structures

4. New technologies

Changes in employment structures

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• Tertiarisation of the workforce

• Higher percentage of women in employment

• More non-standard employment

– Part-time,

– Multiple jobs

– Self-employment

– Precarious work

– Informal sector / undeclared work

New Association between work and

health

Source: Jorma Rantanen, WSH Conference Singapore, 2012

Source: Jorma Rantanen, WSH Conference Singapore, 2012

New Association between work and

health

Cost of injury and illness, Australia,

2012, and other countries

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4.8 % of GDP in 2008-09

3.2 % of GDP in Singapore, 2011 Others: 1.8%- 6 % of GDP source: www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/

http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/swa/AboutUs/Publications

/CostofWork-relatedInjuryandIllness.htm

http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA/about/Publications/Documents/660/Cost%20of%

20Work-related%20injury%20and%20disease.pdf

www.wshi.gov.sg

Competitiveness and WSH: World

(selected countries)

-5

0

5

10

15

20

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

Fatal accidents /

100 000 workers

2008

Competitiveness Index

Competitiveness rank Death rates Linear (Death rates)

Source: WSH Institute and World Economic Forum 2012-2013

http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2012-13.pdf

And: Jorma Rantanen, WSH Conference Singapore, 2012, and JT

Iceland

Sustainable Work Life

Japan

Finland

Singapore

2012

Iceland

Norway, Switzerland

New Zealand

Source: OECD, Statistics Finland, WSH-Institute Singapore

Statistics, Finland: GDP 2007, Pensions 2007, Salaries 2007, premature pension payments: 4.5 billion eur/year in 2006 GDP in 2007: 178 billion (US billion= 1000 million =109 euro = mrd) euro, population of Finland 5.2 million

Price of premature retirement

Finland/EU27

Average age 58.1 years

Loss 6.9 years/person

77.109/7.7 million new retirements/year

EU27 estimate

Annual average salary: 30.000 eur

Average value (cost) of one work year 45.405 €

GDP/employed 73.500 eur

16 billion

24 billion

39 billion

1600 billion

2400 billion

3900 billion

712,108 million € in Europe = 712 billion (US billion = 10 9)

(based on Australian estimate on poor work environment costs)

Finland EU

The "Balance of Horror" in the

European Labour Market

Training OHS

WA promotion Recreation and culture

Corporate fitness Communication

Early retirement Sick-leaves Accidents

Permanent disability

****

(Presenteeism)

3000 Bill € / year 200 Bill € / year

Source: Prof. G.Ahonen, adaptation Dr. J.Takala

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PERCEIVED AND REAL RISKS

PERCEIVED RISK

Airline accident

Mobile phones

Terrorist attack Violent

robbery

Avian flu Stock exchange crash

Glass of vine

REAL RISK

Heat wave

WAR activities, anywhere

Traffic Accident Cancer

Circulatory diseases

Work-

related Work-

related

Sources: S. Hertlich, M.Hamilo, S.kuvalehti (FI), WHO/ILO/J.Takala

Work-

related

Work-

related

Work-

related

Work-

related

WORK

all

WORK

all

Work-

related

Work-

related Work-

related

Evidence 2 Policy

Evidence 2 Practice

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UN Secretary General Kofi Annan in 2003:

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_208226.pdf

H in Workplace Safety and Health

Work-related cancer

Work-related circulatory diseases

Accidents Infectious and

parasitic diseases

Musculo-skeletal

disorders

Psychosocial disorders

Asbestos Shift and night work, overwork

Lack of company policy, man. System, worker/employer collaborative mechanism, poor safety culture

Poor quality drinking water

Heavy lifting, loads, shapes of materials

Lack of control

Carcinogenic substances, processes, silica and other dusts

Strain by high demands, low decision making latitude

Lack of knowledge, solutions and good practices

Poor sanitation and sewage system

Repetitive movements

Poor work-life balance

Ionizing radiation, radioactive materials

High injury risk Lack of guidance or poor gvt policies, poor legislation and poor enforcement and tripartite collaboration

Poor hygiene, lack of knowledge

Poor design of seats, tables, tools, processes

Poor organisational culture

UV-radiation Chemicals Lack of incentive-based compensation system

Protection against animals, insects, snakes

Low temperatures, vibration

Role ambiguity or conflict, unclear or changing priorities

ETS (passive smoking at work)

ETS (passive smoking at work)

Lack or or poor OH services

Diesel engine exhaust

Poor recording and notification systems

Trends – change of mindset

Challenge, not just for today

but for life

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• To achieve a sustainable

working life

• The challenge to

employment

• A holistic approach

• Good Work!

http://www.theworkfoundation.com/assets/docs/publications/216_bupa_report.pdf

http://www.theworkfoundation.com/DownloadPublication/Report/316_Good%20Work%20High%20Performance%20and%20Productivity.pdf

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Total Workplace Safety and Health

(Total WSH)

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A comprehensive and integrated approach to

managing workplace safety and health:

To provide and maintain a safe and healthy working

environment for all employees.

To identify and address WSH risks in a proactive and

integrated way with the active participation of

employees.

SAFETY ISSUES

HEALTH ISSUES

GOVERNMENT

MANAGEMENT

WORKER Occupational

Diseases

General

Diseases

Health Promotion

Benefits of Total WSH

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Key Benefits

Enhanced WSH Culture

Sustainable WSH gains

Lengthen productive working life

Attract & retain

employees

International Best Practice

Corporate Image

Enhanced Productivity

42 A Leading Institute for WSH Knowledge and Innovations

Ergo@WSH ~10,000 downloads

• Launched at Singapore WSH Conference - Sept 2012 • Awarded CIO 100 Honouree 2013

Accidents – injuries –

exposures or …

Design for Safety,

Control Banding, GHS…evidence4action

http://www.asse.org/professionalaffairs_new/PtD/Opening%20Session/Paul%20Schulte.pdf

A multifaceted approach to prevention

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Policy,

strategy,

programmes,

management

Laws and

regulations

Enforcement,

compliance,

inspection

Knowledge,

informationPromotion,

advocacy

Technical

assistance,

advice, OSH

Services

Systems

approach

Infra-

structures

Collaboration

TOOLBOX FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH

. .

World Day for Safety and Health at Work: Singapore reaffirms its commitment to safety and health

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http://www.ilo.org/safework/events/safeday/WCMS_211661/lang--en/index.htm

Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore,

April 28, 2013

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From Fragmentation to Leadership

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Conclusion

Conclusion

Conclusion

Conclusion