ADDICTION

A S’eclairer teaching topic

ADDICTION

• Alcohol• Drugs• Cigarettes• Food

ALCOHOL

• Most commonly abused psychoactive agent in the U.S.

-Depresses CNS-Activates reward circuit

• Cardioprotective at low doses; damages the heart and liver if abused; elevates blood pressure

• MEDS:-Acamprosate (Campral) – reduces unpleasant

feelings of discontinuation-Naltrexone – decreases craving-Disulfiram (Antabuse) – causes unpleasant effects

DRUGS OF ABUSE

• OPIOIDS (heroin, morphine)• STIMULANTS (cocaine, adderall, ritalin)• BARBITURATES (phenobarbital)• BENZODIAZEPINES (xanax, ativan, valium)• PSYCHEDELICS (LSD, mescaline)• DISSOCIATIVE drugs (phencyclidine,

ketamine)• ANABOLIC STEROIDS (nandrolone,

testosterone)• MISC. (marijuana, nitrous oxide)

NICOTINE• Cigarettes are the greatest single cause of preventable illness and death

– 400,000 fatalities/year:-lung cancer-heart disease-airway obstruction

• $95 billion per year• Reaches the brain in 10 seconds• 41% of American smokers try to quit

-5% succeed without help-30% succeed with help

• MEDS:-Nicotine patch, spray, inhaler-Chantix, Zyban-Bupropion-Nortriptyline-Clonidine

OBESITY• Second leading preventable cause of death• A chronic disease like hypertension and diabetes• Contributing factors

-genetics-metabolism-appetite regulation-environmental-psychosocial-cultural

• BMI ranges-25 to 30 overweight-30 to 35 Obesity 1-35 to 40 Obesity 2-40 plus Morbid obesity

• MEDS:-Silbutramine (appetite suppressant)-Orlistat (lipase inhibitor)-Bupropion (appetite suppressant)-Leptin (appetite modulating hormone)