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This was my final presentation for the undergraduate program. Some of it wont make much sense without the notes as it is just references to remind me what I wanted to cover.
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Addiction:
The Misunderstood Cry for Help
Robert JensenArgosy University
• What is addiction?– Symptoms– Reed (2009)– Moore and Guldner-Vukov
(2009)• The Misunderstood cry for help
– Misunderstanding by the addict– Misunderstanding by
professionals– My thoughts on addiction and
suicide.
Introduction
Disease
• Genetic and Physiological• Originally developed by AA during
the inception of that program.• Inspired the development of other
models of addiction, and helped to reduce the stigma of addiction treatments.
• Replaced the Moral Model.
• AA – NA – and now countless others
• Disease model• Addict born to suffer
addiction needing only a push
• Life-long• Powerless, Surrender• Relapse prone
12 step
Biopsychosocial
• Most popular current model• Concerned with Biological,
Psychological, Social and cultural, and environmental causes of addiction.
• Failure to validate existential causes
Existential-Humanistic
• Existentialism – meaninglessness, anxiety, death, suffering, responsibility, power (control)
• Humanistic – Positive, forward moving
• Does not minimize the physiological, social, environmental, or psychological aspects of addiction
• Symptoms, not causes.
Suffering
• Chen (2010) – Primary Suffering– Secondary Suffering
• Frankl– Inspires Change– Meaningful/meaningless
• Buddhism– Impermanence– Suffering
Meaning
• One major concern for every one. Touches nearly every aspect of life.
• Frankl • Konkoly Thege, Barna,
Yaacov, Martos, and Kusnir (2009)
Responsibility
• Moore and Guldner-Vukov (2009) genetics, environment, control, and personal responsibility
• May – The Discovery of Bieng (1983)
Recovery and Relapse
• Alcoholics Anonymous/Narcotics Anonymous
• Rogers (1961)• Wiklund (2008)
Death
• Ultimate motivator for life• Moore and Guldner-Vukov
(2009)– Power– Immortality– Early Demise
• Reed (2009)
Conclusion
• Addiction is more than the sum of its symptoms.
• Cognitive and behavioral– Caused by
• Social and Environmental– Caused by and/or exacerbates the
condition• Biological and genetic
– Physiological dependence / damage caused
– Genetic predisposition• Freedom, and becoming.
Future Directions
• Would Existential-Humanistic focuses reduce relapse ratios?
• What would the effectiveness of symptom management through CBT, combined with a focus on existential-humanistic approaches be?
References
• Anonymous (1982). Narcotics Anonymous, 6th ed. Chatswotyh, CA: Narcotics Anonymous World Services.
• Chen, G. (2010). The meaning of suffering in drug addiction and recovery from the perspective of existentialism, Buddhism, and the 12 step program. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 42(3), pg 363-376. Retrieved from ProQuest.
• Gorski, T., and Miller, M. (1986). Staying sober a guide for relapse prevention. Independence, MO: Herald House/Independence Press.
• Konkoly Thege, B., Bachner, Y. G., Martos, T., Kusnir, T. (2009). Tobacco smoking meaning in life: Does it play a role in smoking? Substance Use and Misuse, 44: 1566-1577. DOI 10.3109/10826080802495096
References (continued)
• May, R (1982). The Discovery of Being. New York, NY: W. W. Norton and co.
• Moore, L. J., Guldner-Vukov, M. (2009) The existential way to recovery. Psychiatria Danubina, 21(4), p 453-462. Retrieved from EBSCOHost.
• Reed, R.C. (2009). Love and death: An existential theory of addiction. Lexington, KY: Xlibris.
• Rogers, C (1961) On becoming a person: A therapists view of psychotherapy. New York, NY: Hughton Mifflin company.
• Rogers, Maria A., Cobia, Debra (2008). An existential approach: An alternative to the AA model of recovery. The Alabama Counseling Association Journal, 34 (1). Retrieved from PROQuest.
References (Last Page)
• Wiklund, Lena (2008) Existential aspects of living with addiction – Part I: Meeting challenges. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 2426-2434. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02356.x
• Wiklund, Lena (2008) Existential aspects of living with addiction –Part II: Caring for needs. A hermeneutic expansion of qualitative findings. Journal of Clinical nursing, 17, 2435 – 2443. Retrieved from EbscoHost.