A Comprehensive Review on Anticancer activity of Different Plant Species

University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC)Department of Pharmacy

Exam Roll No M-10203Registration No 0407Session July 2015

Presented by

INTRODUCTION

Plants have been used for medical purposes since the beginning of human history and are the basis of modern medicine. Most chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment are molecules identified and isolated from plants or their synthetic derivatives.

Graphical Abstract

What is Medicinal plant ?

Medicinal plants are plants that have a recognized medical use . These plants refer to using a plant’s seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark or flowers for medicinal purposes.

Medicinal plants are primary source of health care throughout the world for thousand of years.

Ref:  Grene, Marjorie (2004). The philosophy of biology: an episodic history. Cambridge University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-521-64380-1.

ALL OVER THE WORLD CANCER IS ONE OF THE MOST SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT THE DURATION AND QUALITY OF THE INDIVIDUALS’ LIFE.

AS THE CONVENTIONAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FAIL TO FULFIL THE MAJOR REQUIREMENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL CANCER THERAPY. THE USE OF NATURALLY DEVELOPED ANTICANCER AGENTS HAS EVOLVED AS AN ALTERNATIVE SAFE, LOW-COST AND CONVENIENT ONE.

Medicinal Plants & Cancer Treatment

Ref:  Grene, Marjorie (2004). The philosophy of biology: an episodic history. Cambridge University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-521-64380-1.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : Carcinogenesis

Ref: Skipworth, Richard JE, et al. "Pathophysiology of cancer cachexia: much more than host–tumour interaction?." Clinical nutrition 26.6 (2007): 667-676.

7TYPES OF CANCER

Ref: Tibshirani, Robert, et al. "Diagnosis of multiple cancer types by shrunken centroids of gene expression." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99.10 (2002): 6567-6572.

AIM OF STUDY

Review on Anticancer Activity of Different Plant Species to determine the most potent bioactive compoud of natural anticancer agents

9Ref: Ligresti, Alessia, et al. "Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 318.3 (2006): 1375-1387.

PLANT SPECIES CURRENTLY USED IN CLINICAL CANCER TREATMENT

1. Campotheca acuminata L. (Nyssaceae; Chinese Happy ,Tree—Xi Shu, Cancer Tree).Campotheca acuminata is a native tree of Southern China.

Mechanism of action: It contains the quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT), which inhibits topoisomerase I and therefore DNA replication

USE : Traditionally used in China to treat different kind of cancers, especially cancers of the stomach and liver, and breast cancer, colon cancers, malignant melanoma, small-cell lung cancer and leukemia.

Ref: Ligresti, Alessia, et al. "Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 318.3 (2006): 1375-1387.

2. PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM L. (BERBERIDACEAE)

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B. Source: Podophyllum hexandrumFamily: BerberidaceaePart used: dried rhizomes & roots

Chemical constituent:Podophyllotoxin Etoposide TeniposideUses: Used in treatment of small cell carcinoma of lung, prostrate and testicular carcinomas

Ref: YasukoKitagishi,MayumiKobayashi,andSatoruMatsuda, Protection against Cancer with Medicinal Herbs via Activation of Tumor Suppressor. Journal of Oncology Volume 2012

MODE OF ACTION PODOPHYLLUM

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Acts by inhibiting topoisomerase II

These drugs are most active in late S and early G2 phase

3. VINCA ROSEA LINN. (PERIWINKLE) B. source: Catharanthus roseusFamily: ApocynaceaePart used: Dried whole plantActive ingredients: Ajmalicine, vindoline, catharanthine. alkaloids: vinblastine (VBL), vincristine (VCR) and leurosidine

Mechanism of Action :These drugs block the formation of mitotic spindle by preventing the assembly of tubulin dimers into microtubules.They act primarily on the M phase of cancer cell cycle.Application :

I. acute leukemia, breast cancer, lung

II. cancer, brain tumors, Wilms tumors,

III. multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma.Ref:Ahmed, Mohammed Fazil, et al. "Antidiabetic activity of Vinca rosea extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats."  International Journal of Endocrinology 2010 (2010).

4.TAXUS BREVIFOLIA

B. source: Taxus brevifolia Family: Taxaceae Part used: Stem barkApplication:Ovarian cancer,Lung carcinoma,Gastric & Cervical cancersProstate & colon cancer.Chemical constituent: Taxol Paclitaxel Docetaxal

Mechanism Of Action:

Ref Mans, D. R., Da Rocha, A. B., & Schwartsmann, G. (2000). Anti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil: targeted plant collection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancer compounds. The Oncologist, 5(3), 185-198.

5. CURCUMIN(CURCUMA LONGA.)

SYNONIM: HaladiBIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Curcuma longa.FAMILY : ZingiberaceaeCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT:

Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin

Application:Anticancer,Antiinflamatory, Woundhealing and so many use.Mode of Action: Curcumin also suppresses tumour growth through Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives

play a major role in tumour promotion. Curcumin inhibit COX-2 production by suppression of NFkB activation. Curcumin also increases NO production in Natural Killer (NR) cells after prolonged

treatment, culminating in a stronger tumouricidal effect.

Ref: Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B., et al. "Curcumin potentiates antitumor activity of gemcitabine in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer through suppression of proliferation, angiogenesis, and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB–regulated gene products." Cancer research 67.8 (2007): 3853-3861.

RESULT

Ref: Craig, Winston J. "Health-promoting properties of common herbs." The American journal of clinical nutrition 70.3 (1999): 491s-499s.

18Ref: Craig, Winston J. "Health-promoting properties of common herbs." The American journal of clinical nutrition 70.3 (1999): 491s-499s.

19Ref: Craig, Winston J. "Health-promoting properties of common herbs." The American journal of clinical nutrition 70.3 (1999): 491s-499s.

PASS Prediction for Ant-carcinogenic effectSpecies Compound Pa Pi Potentiality

Vincarosea vindoline 0,666 0,010 Anticarcinogenic

Campotheca acuminata

Topotecan 0,792 0,003 Antineoplastic (small cell lung

cancer)

Taxus Brevifolia

Cephalomannine

0,958 0,003 Antineoplastic (colon cancer)

Podophyllus Peltatum

Etopside 0,809 0,004 Antineoplastic (colorectal cancer)

Chelidonium Majus

Alkaloid 0,186 0,047 Antineoplastic (thyroid cancer)

Pa (probability "to be active") Pi (probability "to be inactive") 

Ref: http://www.way2drug.com/passonline/predict.php

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF PASS PREDICTION DATA

*Vincristine is a established drug which have Pa of 0,953

*Vincristine vindoline Topotecan Cephalomannine Etopside Alkaloid0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Pa (probability "to be active") Pa

val

ue

Ref: http://www.way2drug.com/passonline/predict.php

CONCLUSION

Different constituents namely vindoline , Topotecan, Cephalomannine, EtopsideAnd Alkaloid were analyzed by the pass for their Anti-carcinogenic Activity andresults were used in a flexible manner to evaluate data . All compounds showedgreater Pa than Pi .

Cephalomannine Showed Highest Pa value(0,958) for Antineoplastic(colon cancer) Activity.

THANKS TO ALL