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SETTINGFEMINISTSTANDARDSTOMONITOR
SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT
SivananthiThanenthiran,ARROW
PresentedatthePost-2015Women’sCoaliGon
StrategySessioninMarch2016
FeministStandards
1) Whatistheworldwewant?2) Whatdowehavenowtoget
there?3) Whatwouldyouchange?
FeministStandards
Dowemonitorwhatgovernmentshavesetastargets?Weshouldmonitorthesegoalsagainstourownstandards,ourownfeministstandards.
FeministStandards
SomeofourissuescanbemonitoredwithintheSDGs.ButanothersetofissuesfalloutsideoftheSDGsbutarecriGcalforfeministpoliGcs.
FeministStandards
SomeoftheissueswithintheSDGs• Violenceagainstwomen• Gender-basedViolence• Climatechange• EducaGon• Health• Women’spoliGcalparGcipaGon• Land,accesstoland
FeministStandards
IssuesoutsideoftheSDGs• PeaceanddemilitarisaGon• Macro-economics• GlobalcorporaGsaGon• WomenHumanRightsDefenders• MigraGon• Refugees• Democracydeficitandshrinkingspaces• Statesponsoredviolence
FeministStandards
Whatarefeministstandards?Arethereanywecanagreeon?Dotheyexist?Iftheyexistwhatwouldtheylooklike?Doweneedaprocessofconsensusbuildinginordertoarriveatthis?
FeministStandards
ThereareexisGngfeministstandardswhichwecallourownandholddearlyto.Thesearederivedfromthe• BeijingPla\ormforAcGon(BPfA)
• CEDAW
FeministStandardsLet’stakeGoal3onHeathasanexample:CoversmaternalmortalityraGoreducGon,universalaccesstoSRH,universalhealthcoverage,reducGonofdeathsduetoHIV/AIDs,malaria,tuberculosis,trafficaccidents,etc.
FeministStandardsWhatdoesBPFAmenGononhealth?Paras89-105,para106onacGonstobetakenBPfAlocateshealthin:• Women’srighttoenjoyhighestacainable
standardofhealth,• Theanalysisthatinequalityisthebarrierto
enjoyinggoodhealth,unequalaccesstoanduseofhealthresources,perpetuaGonofgenderstereotypesinhealthpolicies,tacklesprivaGsaGonofhealth,sexualandreproducGvehealth,sexualityofwomen
• Thehumanrightsofwomenincludetheirrighttohavecontroloveranddecidefreelyandresponsiblyonmacersrelatedtotheirsexuality,includingsexualandreproducGvehealth,freeofcoercion,discriminaGonandviolence.
• Mentalhealth
FeministStandardsPara106–talksofacGons1) Reaffirm,protectandfulfilltherighttohighest
acainablestandardofhealth–reviewexisGnglegislaGononhealth
2) GendersensiGvehealthservices3) Women’sequalaccesstosocialsecurity
systems,andwhetheruniversalhealthcoveragecoversSRHservices
4) Affordablehealthcare5) Upholdprivacy,confidenGality,non-coercion6) EnableaccesstosafeaborGon7) Girls–differenceinneo-natalmortality,infant
mortality,childmortality,nutriGonalstatus8) Non-discriminaGonbasedonage,ethnicity,
disability,income
FeministStandardsWhatdoesCEDAWmenGononhealth?CEDAWArGcle12:12.1–negaGveobligaGon,nottodiscriminateagainstwomen12.2–posiGveobligaGon,laythefoundaGonforwomen’sreproducGveautonomy/choices-StatesparGesshallensuretowomenappropriateservicesinconnecGonwithpregnancy,confinementandthepost-natalperiod,granGngfreeserviceswherenecessary,aswellasadequatenutriGonduringpregnancyandlactaGon12.1–non-discriminaGon–DirectdiscriminaGon-accessdependentonmaritalstatus,differenGaltreatmentbasedonbiologicaldiff,IndirectdiscriminaGon–systemicprioriGsaGonof‘male’diseasesoverfemale,healthsystemsrespec\ulofnorms,butnotperpetuateharmfulculturalnorms,12.2–layfoundaGonforwomen’sreproducGveautonomy–16.1e-marriageandfamilylife,10h–infooncontracepGon,14b–equalaccesstohealthcareservices
FeministStandardsGeneralComment24• Healthlawsandpolicies,• Disaggregateddata,• HealthcondiGons,hazardouscondiGonsaffecGng
women• Provisionofreprohealth,conscienGousobjecGon,
referral• Specificbiologicalfactors–pronetoHIV;socio-
economic–violence;psycho-social–post-partumdepression,anorexia,bulimia
• ConfidenGality• Spousalconsent,parentalconsent• Lawsthatcriminalizemedicalproceduresonly
neededbywomenpunishwomenwhoundergothoseprocedures.
• TreaGngviolenceagainstwomenthroughhealthcaresystem
FeministStandardsGeneralComment24• StatesshouldhavenaGonalstrategiesfor
women’shealthcoveringlifecycleofwomen• Allocateresources• GenderperspecGveinpolicy-making,
programmedevelopmentparGcipaGonofwomeninpolicymakingprogdevelopment
• RemovalofbarriersespeciallyonSRH• PrioriGsereducGononunintendedpregnancy
throughaccesstofamilyplanning,sexeducaGon,safemotherhoodservices,enableaccesstosafeaborGon–repeallaws,enforceposiGvelaws
• Rightstoautonomy,privacy,confidenGality,informedconsentandchoice
FeministStandardsDerivingfromthesetwodocumentshowcanwearriveatfeministstandardsforhealth?Whatrightsarepartofthehealthgoal?SomesuggesGons:1) Rightofwomentoenjoythehighestacainablestandard
ofhealththroughoutthelife-cycle(enshrinedwhere,how,forwhom?)
2) RighttoaccesshealthservicesandinformaGon(impairedbybarriers–genderspecific,structural)
3) Righttoprivacy,confidenGality,informedconsentanddecision-making
4) Righttonon-coercion5) Righttonon-discriminaGoninhealthcare(i.e.states
needtoprovideaccesstoserviceswhichonlywomenmayneed)
6) Righttonon-discriminaGon(principleofequality)7) Righttoseek,receive,impartinformaGon
FeministStandardsNowlet’slookattheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsSDG33.7By2030,ensureuniversalaccesstosexualandreproducGvehealth-careservices,includingforfamilyplanning,informaGonandeducaGon,andtheintegraGonofreproducGvehealthintonaGonalstrategiesandprogrammes3.7.1PercentageofwomenofreproducGveage(aged15-49)whohavetheirneedforfamilyplanningsaGsfiedwithmodernmethods
FeministStandards3.7.2Adolescentbirthrate(aged10-14;aged15-19)per1,000womeninthatagegroup• RighttoaccesshealthservicesandinformaGon
(impairedbybarriers–structural,financial,legal),• Righttoprivacy,confidenGality,informedconsent
anddecision-making,Righttonon-coercion,non-discriminaGon(maritalstatus,spousal,parentalconsent)
• Righttonon-discriminaGon(onprincipleofequality)–onearlymarriage,endingdetrimentalculturalpracGces
FeministStandardsAKainmentofnumbersinaccordancewithaKainmentinrightsCaseStudy:Bangladesh• AdolescentbirthrateinBangladeshreducedfrom157
(1994)133(2004)128(2009)118(2011)• SGllveryhigh,andslowprogressonreducGonover20
years• AnaGonalpolicyonAdolescentsReproducGveHealthwas
onlyintroducedin2007,recognizesrighthighestacainablestandardofhealth
• TalksaboutaddressingdiscriminatorypracGces• WeakbecausefocusesacGonsoneffecGvedisseminaGon
oninfo,massmedia,communitymobilisaGon• Onlaws–awarenessraisingonlaws,mobilising
communiGesonlaws• PolicysilentonrecogniGonofadolescentrights,thatlaw
onminimumageofmarriageisnotimplemented,ageofconsentis14,noregisterofearlymarriages,notpunished.
FeministStandards• Medianageofmarriageforwomen15.8,formen24.2;• 65%ofwomenmarriedbeforeage18(minimumageof
marriage)–Righttonon-discriminaGon(equality)basedonsex,andonculturalnorms
• RighttoaccesshealthservicesandinformaGon(impairedbybarriers–structural,financial,legal),Righttoprivacy,confidenGality,informedconsentanddecision-making,Righttonon-coercion,non-discriminaGon(maritalstatus,spousal,parentalconsent)
• Policyreinforcesroleofgatekeepers–ratherthanindividualrights–righttoaccesshealthservicesandinformaGonimpairedbythis,thoughgatekeepersamtudesneedtobetransformeditneedbetransformedbyrecogniGonofadolescentrights
• Studyshowedproviderswereonenjudgmental,imposedunnecessaryprecondiGonssuchasspousalorparentalconsent,refusedservicesonreligiousgroundsanddeniedMRservicesatpublicfaciliGessothattheycouldprovidethesameprivatelyattheirhomes.
• StudiesalsoshowlackofprivacyandconfidenGality.Adolescentbirthrate,analysedfromalsocondiGonsofpovertyneedtoworkearly,lackofeducaGonalopportunity(secondaryeducaGonunchanged)
FeministStandardsSemngfeministstandardscallsforanintersecGonalanalysisAdolescentbirthratehastoalsobeanalysedthrough:• condiGonsofpovertyresulGnginenteringthe
workforceearly• lackofeducaGonalopportunityincreased
fundamentalismlimiGngwomenandgirls’bodilyautonomy(mobility,dressing)includingsexualandreproducGverights
• policycontextthatisincreasinglyinfluencedbyfundamentalistgroups
FeministStandards
ForissuesthatfalloutsideoftheSDGs,butareessenGalforfeministpoliGcsandgenderequality,somesuggesGonsinclude:1) Scholarship–wriGngofproblem
analysis,perspecGves,jusGficaGons,alternaGvesbasedonafeministvision
2) Movementbuilding–workingwithwomen/feministsindifferentmovementstoprovidethescholarship
3) Advocacy–tothelargerworld
FeministStandards“Itisnevereasytodemandthemostfromourselves,fromourlives,fromourwork.Toencourageexcellenceistogobeyondtheencouragedmediocrityofoursociety.Butgivingintothefearoffeelingandworkingtocapacityisaluxuryonlytheuninten?onalcanafford,andtheuninten?onalarethosewhodonotwishtoguidetheirowndes?nies.”—“UsesoftheEro?c,”SisterOutsider