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Ordnance Survey Ireland & ADAPTProviding Geospatial Information
as Linked Open Data
The ADAPT Centre is funded under the SFI Research Centres Programme (Grant 13/RC/2106) and is co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund.
Prof. Declan O’Sullivan ADAPT Research Centre Trinity College Dublin
www.adaptcentre.ie
ADAPT is revolutionising the waypeople can seamlessly
interact with digital content, systems and each other
Enabling users to achieve unprecedented levels of access and efficiency
SPOKE PROGRAMME
SFI ADAPT CENTRE FORDIGITAL CONTENT TECHNOLOGY
www.adaptcentre.ieWHAT IS LINKED DATA?
The Web of Documents were created by humans for humans; the linksbetween documents bore little meaning for machines and documents provided little structured information.
Structured information can be found on the Web – such as XML, CSV, etc. – but, … How do we link data rather than documents, and create a global “database” of information?
Linked Data is a global initiative to publish and interlink structured (open) data on the Web using a combination of standardized technologies (HTTP, URI, RDF) such that …
• any agent can explore the data and links …• that is fit for the agent (human or computer based) ...• via a “protocol” and …• allowing one to build innovative applications.
(For a gentle introduction: see video at: https://vimeo.com/36752317)
www.adaptcentre.ieESSENCE OF LINKED DATA
Just as hyperlinks in the classic Web connect documents into a single global information space, Linked Data enables links to be set between items in different data sources and therefore connect these sources into a single global data space.
The use of Web standards and a common data model make it possible to implement genericapplications that operate over the complete data space.
Tom Heath, Christian Bizer,Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space
www.adaptcentre.ie
Open data is the idea that some data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictionsfrom copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control [1]. It is about “just” making sure that the data is available.[1] Auer, S. R.; Bizer, C.; Kobilarov, G.; Lehmann, J.; Cyganiak, R.; Ives, Z. (2007). "DBpedia: A Nucleus for a Web of Open Data". The Semantic Web. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4825.
Linked Data is about serving data (open or not) according to several principles (and couple ofguidelines) formulated byBerners-Lee.
1. Use URIs to identify things.2. Use HTTP URIs so that these
things can be looked up.3. Provide useful information
about what a name identifies when looked up (using open standards such as HTML, RDF, etc.)
4. Refer to other things using their HTTP URI-based names when publishing data on the Web.
OPEN, LINKED DATA and LINKED OPEN DATA
www.adaptcentre.ie
Non-information resources (NIR) – named with a URI –representing things such as cars, people, etc.
Information resources (IR) are documents – referred to by a URI– that describe those things
For example, The NIR identifier http://data.geohive.ie/resource/county/123
can be represented by the following Information Resources:• A Web page• A RDF doc
http://data.geohive.ie/page/county/123 http://data.geohive.ie/data/county/123
Multiple information resources for one non-information resource and all have different URIs..
URIs and LINKED DATA PRINCIPLES
www.adaptcentre.ie
How does one get the appropriate representation? With content negotiation.
Server
HTTP GET http://data.geohive.ie/resource/county/123Accept: text/html
303 See OtherLocation: http://data.geohive.ie/page/county/123
HTTP GET http://data.geohive.ie/page/county/123Accept: text/html
200 OK
URIs and LINKED DATA PRINCIPLES
www.adaptcentre.ieORDNANCE SURVEY OF IRELAND TARGETED PROJECT
GOAL:Lay the foundations of a Semantic Architecture and Linked Data platform for the OSi taking into account best practices and guidelines in the domain of geospatial information and industry and OSi’s current technologystack.
STARTING POINT:Boundaries dataset, which are open and already available on data.gov.ie, but not as Linked Data.
TIMING:November 2015 – April 2016
www.adaptcentre.ieOSi LINKED DATA PROJECT
Tasks1. Requirements Analysis2. Concept Representation3. Generating RDF and Linked Data Management4. Conceptual Architecture of the Linked Data Platform5. Implementing the Linked Data Platform6. Demonstrator
www.adaptcentre.ieOSi LINKED DATA PROJECT
Requirements Analysis included engagement with key stakeholders in Central Statistics Office (CSO) & Department of Public Expenditure and Reform (DPER)
• Formulated two use case scenarios from which requirements were distilled:
1. Accessing the same dataset with different geometric representations, i.e., different generalizations or “resolutions”.
2. Capturing the provenance and evolution of features and their geometric representations. E.g., legal statutes to change boundaries.
• Agreement on URI strategy
www.adaptcentre.ieSNEAK PEEK (2)… page return..
Description of County Clare linking to its three representationsDescription of County Corklinking to its three representationsMap to default to be included.
www.adaptcentre.ieSNEAK PEEK (3)… (OSi Basemap)
Default generalization
Different representations
www.adaptcentre.ieUNDER THE COVERS…
PROXY SERVER
Triple Pattern Fragments
Server
Triple Pattern Fragments Web Client
Linked Data Frontend
Website (dumps) Ontologies
QUERY (SPARQL) ENDPOINT
Triple Pattern Fragments
Client
TRIPLESTORE
www.adaptcentre.ieKEY OUTCOMES
Linked Data Service being deployed• Architected to control performance overhead and yet provide rich
service• Initial boundaries dataset as linked Open data
Necessary Ontologies developed and
published New Insights gained• R2RML relational database to Linked Data• Oracle Linked Data capabilities
Paper publication• R2RML-F: Towards Sharing and Executing Domain
Logic in R2RMLMappings, Linked Data on the Web (LDOW2016)
www.adaptcentre.ieAPPLICATIONS ARE ENDLESS !Example: LINKING CSO DATA with OSi DATA
http://data.cso.ie/census-2011/ classification/CTY/C16
http://data.geohive.ie/resource/ county/123
“same as”
www.adaptcentre.ieTHE REALITY OF LINKED OPEN DATACircle size Triple count Very large >1BLarge Medium Small
1B-10M10M-500k500k-10k
Very small <10k
85,567,007,302 triples3426 datasets[http://stats.lod2.eu]
http://lod-cloud.net
www.adaptcentre.ieAPPLICATIONS ARE ENDLESS!Example: “Fans of Harry Clarke” app
The Honan Chapel Cork
St. Gobnait Stained Glass Harry Clarke
Original Design in TCD Library
Description from DBpediaSt. Gobnait (1916) is dressed in royal blue robes with elaborate designs in turquoise. She wears a silver cloak and a veil. Thieves are depicted around her lower body. Bees are depicted at both sides of her face. The window is bordered with tiny blue and magenta beads of colour. In the bottom panel the saint is shown carrying a honeycomb and bees are depicted chasing away the thieves who threaten to rob herchurch.
www.adaptcentre.ieWITH THANKS TO THE TEAM…
Christophe Debruyne TCD
Declan O’Sullivan TCD
Atul Nautiyal TCD
Sinead Madden TCD
Jennifer Gilmartin OSi
Eamonn Clinton OSi
Niamh Mc Loone OSi
Lorraine Mc Nerney OSi
