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Productive Inclusion in Brazil –Bolsa Familia and the Brazil
without extreme Poverty Plan
1st Kenyan Social Protection Conference Week28th Jan 2015
Fabio Veras Soares – IPC-IG
Bolsa Familia in Brazil
Objectives of Bolsa Familia as a CCT programme:
Poverty alleviation (cash transfer) and break intergenerational cycle of poverty (human development)
But it differed from many CCTs in the LAC region Origins in municipal level experiences in the middle 1990’s Dissemination of Federal CTs in the early 2000’s Establishment of the Single Registry (2001) Merge of CCT/CTs programmes under Bolsa Familia (October 2003)
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Bolsa Familia in Brazil some key features
Rapid scaling up (no pilots)
Mean testing (targeting)
Adjustments were made as the programme expanded: Financial incentives for municipalities and later states (IGD) Monitoring of conditionalities – links with social assistance Improvements of the quality of the Single Registry (v.7)
Integration into the Social Protection Framework:
Its role in the Hunger Zero strategy Its role as one of the income security components of Brazil without extreme
poverty (Brasil sem Miseria) programme. Role of complementary programmes.
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Complementary programmes are mostly… existing programmes already implemented by other ministries/
agencies, but CCT beneficiaries do not necessarily benefit from these programmes.
existing programmes already implemented by other ministries/ agencies. CCT beneficiaries are granted preferential access.
(challenges: how to guarantee high take‐up rates, how to guarantee that existing programmes are adequate to the profile of CCT beneficiaries)
Tailor‐made programmes specific for non‐beneficiaires and implemented by the same agency responsible for the CCT
(Challenges: how to guarantee the institutional sustainability of these interventions (NGOs), how to guarantee the quality of these complementary programmes, Christmas tree effect – CCTs are responsible for the poverty alleviation strategy)
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Complementary Programmes
Integrated system – single registries of potential beneficiaries can support effective complementary programmes …
connecting database from different ministries and facilitate case management and complementarities (Brazil and Peru)
It takes away from the CCTs the responsibility of being the silver bullet against poverty – they are part of a broader strategy.
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Brazil without Extreme Poverty Plan(2011)
Context: Priority for the eradication of extreme poverty according to three axes, based on successful programmes.
Hypertargeting to guarantee access to universal rights.
Income security:i.Eradication of exclusion errors in cash transfer programmes (active search)ii.Gradually filling in the extreme poverty gap.
Access to services: health, education, social assistance, civil documents, electricity, housing and food security
Productive inclusion:i.Urban – training, job placement, support to microentrepreneursii.Rural – technical assistance/extension, grants and PAA
•Investment of R$ 109 billion / USD 43 billion between 2011‐2014
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Brazil without Extreme Poverty (2011)
• Definition of target population:Extreme poverty line: below R$ 70 per capita family income.
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Population % Urban % Rural %Brazil 16,267,197 100% 8.673.845 53% 7.593.352 47%North 2,658,452 17% 1.158.501 44% 1.499.951 56%Northeast 9,609,803 59% 4.560.486 48% 5.049.317 52%Southeast 2,725,532 17% 2.144.624 79% 580.908 21%South 715,961 4% 437.346 61% 278.615 39%Centre-west 557,449 3% 372.888 67% 184.561 33%
Source: SESEP/MDS
BSM coordination: role of the single registry
Single registry is a census of the Brazilian low income population (1/2 minimum wage per capita). About 78 million people (36% of the population)
The registry contains the basic person and household identification and profile data, grouped in 6 basic sets of data:
individual identification family identification household characteristics schooling information work income information
There are other supplementary data collection such as household expenditures, participation in social programmes, traditional communities’ characteristics (quilombola and indigenous population) and vulnerable groups (homeless, child labor), smallholder farmers.
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BSM coordination: role of the single registry
Single registry is a census of the Brazilian low income population (1/2 minimum wage per capita). About 78 million people (36% of the population)
The registry contains the basic person and household identification and profile data, grouped in 6 basic sets of data.
individual identification family identification household characteristics schooling information work income information INFORMATION IS VALID FOR 2 YEARS
There are other supplementary data collection such as household expenditures, participation in social programmes, traditional communities’ characteristics (quilombola and indigenous population) and vulnerable groups (homeless, child labor), smallholder farmers. 8
Targeting: role of the single registry
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BSM coordination: role of the single registry
Poverty Map(census data)
Fostering capabilities and opportunities
Fostering capabilities and opportunities
Objective:To incrase family per capita income and
to improve living conditions and well‐being of low income families
Objective:To incrase family per capita income and
to improve living conditions and well‐being of low income families
IncomeguaranteeIncome
guaranteeProductive Inclusion:
urban and rural strategiesProductive Inclusion:
urban and rural strategiesAccess to
public servicesAccess to
public services
Single Registry
Active Search
BSM Productive Inclusion component
URBAN
Productive Inclusion
RURAL• Rural extension and technical
assistance• Access to inputs (improved
seeds)• Production grants
Improved production
Employment and income generation
• Skill building/training• job placement• Solidarity economy• Microcredit• Microentrepreneurship (MEI)
BSM: productive inclusion component
Improved seeds Investment grant
Improved production
Access to Markets (PAA and PNAE) Self-consumption
Water for All
Goal: increase productive capacity
: Case Management: extension services
Electricity for all
Green grant
Source: SESEP/MDS
BSM challenges: rural productive inclusion
Merging information from the single registry and database on smallholder farmers (DAP) at the Federal level
Capacity and adequacy of extension services
Identification of the families at the local level – coordination with active search
Approval of the joint work plan to have access to the investment grants
Worst drought in 50 years (adaptation of extension services)
Lack of rigorous impact evaluation (staggered entry was ideal setting –missed opportunity).
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BSM achievements: rural productive inclusion
Possibility to use the infrastructure as a disaster risk management tool: Drought grant – single registry and payment system.
Gendered impacts – agricultural interventions become gender-sensitive. Women participation in the PAA increased from 26% in 2011 to 36% in 2014.
PAA became more accessible to poor smallholder farmers: in 2010 – only 32% of the PAA suppliers were in the Single Registry in 2013 this figure increased to 50%.
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BSM rural productive inclusion: technical assistance
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Source: SESEP/MDS
BSM rural productive inclusion: investment grant
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Source: SESEP/MDS
BSM rural productive inclusion: cisterns
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Source: SESEP/MDS
6,543 43,000 78,955
151,315 194,176 224,122
292,825 329,827
417,568
572,961
810,858
1,055,755
‐
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Sep‐14
Many Thanks
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