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Inner-European Labour Mobility – Perspectives and ChallengesNew Europeans Oxford #3
February 24 2016
Laura Wiesboeck, M.A.Department of SociologyUniversity of Vienna
Background
• Enhanced mobility promoted as the way forward in EU-policy
• Idea(l) behind: Economic ‘triple- win’ situation, mobility goverened by economic demand - no integration burden, no naturalization
• Strong economic lense mainly through receiving countries‘ eye
• What are the social effects in sending region and on mobile workers themselves?
Factors influencing mobility
• Job opportunities• Higher income • Language in receiving country• Social networks• Political climate• Lifestyle• Legal circumstances• Economic crisis
Understanding official data
• No clear cut category for mobile workers (citizenship, country of birth, length of stay)
• Mainly dependently employed covered by the social security system – independently employed? Informal work?
• Demand for work?
Effects in receiving region
• Employer perspective: foreign born preferred labour force
• Social dumping / Wage dumping: no reliable data, practices difficult to reveal
• Infrastructure: governments should not only profit from macro-economic benefits but also address needs at the local level
Impact on sending region
• „Youth drain“ / „Brain drain“: may be temporary or permanent, lack of long term studies
• Skill shortages: losing workforce in certain branches like healthcare („care chain“)
• Remittances: basic gain for sending countries, may or may not be development-stimulating, can create different power hierarchies
Impact on mobile workers
• Dequalification: form of protectionism• Lack of representation: transnational
unions?• Family: „Eurogeneration left alone“• Lifestyle: adopted consumer
behaviour, new symbolic formation of classes
• Envy: jealous of newly gained economic power, social inequality between mobile and non mobile workers strengthened
Outlook
• Noticeably more hostile discourse on migration in most European countries
• Exploitative dual labour market for Eastern movers working in the west in EU?
• Focus on economic growth in EU15 countries as main lens should be challenged
• Free movement of workers one of four freedoms (goods, capital, services) – cherry pick the ones states want and leave rest?