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Interesting things about alcohol and other drugsMay 2017ANDREW BROWN
@ANDREWBROWN365
Estimated proportion of the population who are alcohol dependent by upper tier local authority
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Wo
kin
gham
Har
row
Win
dso
r an
d…
Wes
t B
erks
hir
e
Cen
tral
…
Ric
hm
on
d u
po
n…
Leic
este
rsh
ire
Kin
gsto
n u
po
n…
Red
bri
dge
Bro
mle
y
Milt
on
Key
nes
Wes
t Su
ssex
Esse
x
Bar
net
No
rth
So
mer
set
Bex
ley
Suff
olk
War
wic
ksh
ire
Dev
on
Ch
esh
ire
East
Lin
coln
shir
e
Bat
h a
nd
No
rth
…
Som
erse
t
Wo
rces
ters
hir
e
Ken
t
East
Su
ssex
Hill
ingd
on
Ho
un
slo
w
Bre
nt
Po
ole
Sutt
on
No
ttin
gham
shir
e
Med
way
Ealin
g
Rea
din
g
Kir
klee
s
Cal
der
dal
e
Wes
tmin
ster
Cu
mb
ria
Wal
tham
Fo
rest
War
rin
gto
n
Wan
dsw
ort
h
Co
rnw
all &
Isle
s…
New
ham
Lan
cash
ire
Bar
kin
g an
d…
Shef
fiel
d
Lew
ish
am
Du
dle
y
Ply
mo
uth
Wal
sall
Sou
th T
ynes
ide
Do
nca
ster
Bir
min
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Dar
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terb
oro
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car
and
…
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cast
le u
po
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tham
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ham
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ven
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Lam
bet
h
Po
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ou
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esh
ead
Bo
urn
emo
uth
Wir
ral
Seft
on
Sto
ke-o
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ren
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Islin
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n
Sun
der
lan
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No
ttin
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Kin
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po
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Kn
ow
sley
Mid
dle
sbro
ugh
Bla
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oo
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% D
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e
Source: Estimates of alcohol dependence in England, including estimates of children living in a household with an adult with alcohol dependence; supplementary tables (PHE, 2017)
Estimated number of children who live with opiate users, by region
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
East ofEngland
East Midlands London North East North West South East South West West Midlands Yorkshire andthe Humber
Female Opiate Users
Male Opiate Users
Source: Estimates of the number of children who live with opiate users, England 2011/12 (PHE, 2017)
Comparison of issues between families affected and not affected by domestic abuse in Troubled Family cohort
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Police call-outs
Mental-health issue
Rent arrears
Alcohol or drug dependency
Drug dependency
ASB incident with no futher investigation
Alcohol dependency
ASB incident with futher investigation
NEET
Homelessness applications
A week or more homeless
Missing from education
Evictions
Families without a domestic abuse problem
Families with a domestic abuse problem
2,499 families with a domestic abuse problem, 8,087 families without a domestic abuse problem
Source: National evaluation of the Troubled Families Programme 2015 - 2020: family outcomes – national and local datasets: part 1 (DCLG, 2017)
Proportion of alcohol consumption during pregnancy according to European country.
4%
7%
10%12%
13%14%
15%
18%
21%
27%29%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30% To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing alcohol consumption during pregnancy across eleven of the European countries using the same method for collecting data and taking maternal sociodemographic and smoking before pregnancy into account. We found that almost 16% of the European women consumed alcohol during pregnancy after recognized pregnancy and of these 39% consumed at least one unit per month. There were, however, large variations between the countries. Some of these differences can be explained by level of education and smoking before pregnancy. However, a large part of the differences remained unexplained.
Mårdby, Ann-Charlotte, et al. "Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy—A multinational European study." Women and Birth (2017).
Trend in anti-HCV prevalence among people injecting psychoactive drugs in England.
40%
42%
44%
46%
48%
50%
52%
54%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: Hepatitis C in the UK (PHE, 2017)
The proportion of the non drinking population saying that the reason they don’t drink is because they have been hurt by someone else’s drinking
3%
15% 16% 16% 16%18%
20%22%
31% 31%
35% 35% 36% 37% 38%
42%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Source: Comparative monitoring of alcohol epidemiology across the EU (PARPA, 2017)
Prevalence of getting drunk at least once a month in the UK by gender and age group
13%
7%
16%
10%
4%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
Male Female 18–34 35–49 50+
Source: Comparative monitoring of alcohol epidemiology across the EU (PARPA, 2017)
Proportion of UK population saying “yes” about…
16%17%
9%
3%
19%
21%
12%
4%
12% 12%
6%
3%
23%
27%
14%
5%
17%16%
12%
3%
7% 7%
2% 2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Feel guilty about drinking Ever blacked out Not done what is expected of you Drink in the morning
Total Male Female 18–34 35–49 50+
Source: Comparative monitoring of alcohol epidemiology across the EU (PARPA, 2017)
Proportion of needle and syringe programme (NSP) clients in the Cheshire and Merseyside areas who were anabolic steroid users, 1995 and 2015
17.1%
54.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1995 2015
Cheshire and Merseyside, with a total population of 2,430,284 was served by 18 agency NSPs in 2015 and 17 agency NSPs in 1995.
A total of 2446 individual steroid users accessed agency needle and syringe programmes across Cheshire and Merseyside in 2015 compared with 553 in 1995, representing a 342% increase over the period.
Data indicate that anabolic steroid use is most common in the male age group of 20–29. This has been calculated for both years, indicating an increase from 1.88 per 1000 population to 5.72 per
1000 population.
McVeigh, J. and Begley, E., 2016. Anabolic steroids in the UK: an increasing issue for public health. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, pp.1-8.
Statistically significant % difference in outcome for BME defendants compared to white ethnic group for drug offences in 2014
24%
-10%
-29%
15%
83%
116%
5%
41%
-40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140%
Of charged, % proceeded against in a magistrates’ court
Of proceeded against, % convicted in a magistrates’ court
Of convicted, % receiving a custodial sentence in a magistrates’ court
Of charged, % tried in a Crown Court
Of tried in a Crown Court, % remanded in custody
Of tried in a Crown Court, % pleading not guilty
Of tried in a Crown Court, % convicted
Of convicted in a Crown Court, % receiving a custodial sentence
Source: Building Trust: How our courts can improve the criminal court experience for Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic defendants (Centre for Justice Innovation)
The estimated number of high risk drug users in Great Britain
293,879
61,500 63,300
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
England Scotland Wales
In England, estimates are produced for opioid and/or crack cocaine users (together and separately) and injecting among users of those drugs.
In Scotland, PDU refers to the problematic use of opioids and/or the illicit use of benzodiazepines and drug injecting.
Wales look at injecting drug use or long duration/regular use of opioids, cocaine and/or amphetamines.
Source: United Kingdom Drug Situation: Focal Point Annual Report 2016 (PHE, 2017)
Numbers of people presenting to drug treatment, by setting, in the UK, in 2015
80,446
28,400
1,238 1,031 6010
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Outpatients Prison (Eng & NIonly)
Inpatients GP (Eng only) Other
A total of 1,086 treatment centres reported Treatment Demand Indicator data through national treatment monitoring systems in the UK during 2015.
Of these:
• 71% provided outpatient services (n=775)• 10% provided inpatient services (n=110)• 12% were treatment services in prison (n=131) and • 4.5% were GP services (n=49)
72% of all clients presenting to drug treatment in the UK during 2015 were treated in outpatient centres. Opioid users make up a larger proportion of clients within inpatient and GP services than within outpatient services.
Source: United Kingdom Drug Situation: Focal Point Annual Report 2016 (PHE, 2017)
Injecting status among all clients entering treatment in the United Kingdom, 2015
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
Ever injected, but not currently Currently injecting (in lastmonth)
Never injected
Previously treated clients
New treatment clients
The majority (62%) of clients presenting to treatment reported that they had never injected drugs, with 16% reporting current injecting.
Previously treated clients were three times more likely to report currently injecting than new treatment clients.
Primary opioid users accounted for 90% of current injectors, with amphetamine users accounting for 2.4%.
Heroin users were most likely to inject, with over one-third (37%) of treatment entrants citing injecting as their primary route of administration.
Source: United Kingdom Drug Situation: Focal Point Annual Report 2016 (PHE, 2017)
Proportions of the treatment population entering treatment for heroin and cannabis, 2005-2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2013 2014 2015
Opioids Cannabis Figures are not directly comparable to previous years
Source: United Kingdom Drug Situation: Focal Point Annual Report 2016 (PHE, 2017)
Injecting drug use in Scotland
Housing status of users of injecting equipment provision (IEP) in Glasgow city during 2015 who reported injecting heroin and/or cocaine.
74%
23%
3%
68%
27%
5%
56%
33%
11%
41% 43%
16%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Owner or renting Homeless Roofless
All clients ‘Regular clients’ ≥5 transactions
‘High frequency clients’ ≥50 transactions Clients receiving IEP via Assertive Outreach
Source: The health needs of people who inject drugs in public places in Glasgow city centre (NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, 2016)
People who inject drugs in public places in Glasgow are predominantly male, aged between 30 and 50 years and of Scottish origin. Both local data and the published literature indicate that people involved in public injecting experience a combination of severe social vulnerabilities often referred to as ‘multiple exclusion’ or ‘severe and multiple disadvantage’: Homelessness and housing instability are particularly prevalent.
Time since onset of injecting of those taking part in the Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative survey in Scotland
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
< 2yrs 2 - 5 yrs 6 - 10 yrs 11 - 15 yrs >15 yrs
2008-09 2010 2011-12 2013-14 2015-16
Source: Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) 2008-09 to 2015-16 (NHS Scotland 2017)
Proportion drug users in Scotland who have injected drugs in the last six months, by drug injected
2%
3%
3%
3%
4%
4%
10%
13%
93%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Other
Crack
Temazepam/Diazepam
IPED
Heroin + cocaine
Amphetamines
Legal Highs
Cocaine
Heroin
Heroin continues to be the most prevalent drug injected with over 90% of those interviewed in 2015-16 reporting use in the past six months, similar to levels in previous NESI surveys.
Reported injecting of cocaine has increased in recent years from 9% in 2010 (n=217) to 13% (n=287) in 2015-16
Source: Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) 2008-09 to 2015-16 (NHS Scotland 2017)
n = 2,207
Frequency of injecting in the last six months amongst those reporting injecting drugs in the last six months
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Less than weekly Weekly not daily Daily or more
2008-09 2010 2011-12 2013-14 2015-16
Source: Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) 2008-09 to 2015-16 (NHS Scotland (2017)
Prescription of naloxone and the proportion carrying it on date of survey
8%
15%
32%
5%
51%
6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Prescribed take-home naloxone in the past year Carrying any take-home naloxone with you today (among thoseprescribed take-home naloxone)
2011-12 2013-14 2015-16
Source: Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) 2008-09 to 2015-16 (NHS Scotland 2017)