Gas - all type of vehicles & transport modes

Riga, 22 June 2016 1

CNG

• Significant reduction/avoidance of CO2 emissions • Integration of Bio-Methane, no blending limitations• Substantial reduction of Particles and NOx • Reduction in noise levels • Only real alternative to oil available today!

LNG

Riga, 22 June 2016 2

CNG station. Ljubljana, Slovenia

L-CNG station. Antwerp, Belgium

LNG bunkering. Nynashamn, Sweden

- NGVs are a reality, products are increasingly available and competitive in price.

- Intermodality: road (CNG and LNG) and waterborne (LNG) related infrastructures for natural gas refuelling complement each other.

- Sustainable investments: CNG and LNG are fully compatible and the perfect partner for the integration of renewables – no blending limitations.

Lack of CNG & LNG infrastructure

3

Green gas principle – life cycle emissions

Riga, 22 June 2016

Well-To-Wheel (WTW) - GHG emissions in CO2 g/km

*Basis: (Petrol, naturally aspirated engine), Fuel-consumption: 7l/100 Km

Source: dena, JEC

4

Lowest pollutant emissions with natural gas

Riga, 22 June 2016

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0.36

0.15

0.10

0.02

PM (g/kWh)EUR I(1993)

EUR II(1996)

EUR III(2001)

NOx (g/kWh)

EUR IV(2006)

EUR V(2009)

EUR VI(2013)

NGV

5

CEF / EFSI / CPT: main drivers gas mobility

Riga, 22 June 2016

Source: European Commission

Detailed provisions for CNG and LNG:

- CNG in cities and densely populated areas by 2020.

- CNG & LNG along TEN-T core network by 2025.

- LNG in sufficient TEN-T seaports by 2025.

- LNG in sufficient TEN-T inland ports by 2030.

- Common technical standards by 2016.

Member States have to develop National Policy Frameworks until 18 November 2016

LCNG station, Gasrec, UK

CNG station, Bohlen & Doyen, Germany

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backup

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Current European CNG Market

Source: NGVA Europe, 31.12.2014

25,000 Buses and Trucks 1,2 million Light Duty Vehicles

EU (examples)

Italy Germany Sweden Austria Bulgaria

900

10050

8.561

Expressed on thousand vehicles

8

Current European LNG market

> 200

> 25

< 10

None

Spain318 trucks

Source: NGVA Europe, 01.12.2014

1.500 LNG Vehicles

Mainly UK, NL & Spain

Spain306 trucks

Sweden69 trucks

Netherlands387 trucks

Italy56 trucks

UK621 trucks

Turkey2 trucks

Switzerland1 truck

Belgium33 trucks

Finland1 trucks

Portugal11 trucks

France10 trucks

Poland46 buses11 trucks

Riga, 22 June 2016

Russia

1 truck