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Gender and equity implications of 2015 budget
Presentation at MIDS Seminar (20th March 2015) on Indian Budget 2015
Researcher and Consultant Gender, Equity and Development Email: [email protected]
What is not a gender sensitive budget analysis?
• Ignoring the gendered implications of the paradigm of development promoted on women and men
• Focusing only on expenditure
• Not just seeing how much is allocated to women’s schemes
• 50% of tax revenues by women, 50% by men
• 50% of resources under each budget line goes to women
• Viewing apparently neutral terms like taxes, insurance and pensions as having same implications for women and men
(Adapted Elson, 2011)
What kind of budget can be considered gender-sensitive?
Contributes to a Caring, Equitable and Sustainable Economy
Adapted from Ruth Pearson, n.dUK Women’s Budget Group Management Committee member
What is gender-sensitive budget analysis?
• Analysis of gendered implications of paradigm of development
• Analysis of implications of taxation, fund flow, pension and insurance policies etc on different groups of women and men
• Analysis of whether the budget promotes gender/social equity within all sectors
• Analysis of whether gender/social equity objectives are protected even if budgets are being reduced
• Analysis of whether budget is adequate to back gender-specific and transformative legislation, policies and plans.
(Adapted :Elson, 2011, AIDWA, 2015, Mishra et al, 2013, Patel, 2015)
Gendered implications of neo-liberal paradigm
Fr rolling back the state
Well being-
Workload
Fr opening up of markets
Care provisions entry weak
Men as norm
Women in lower rungs, gender gap
in earnings
Ltd asset base
Right wing Ideology
Matritva
Beti
Not economic political role of
women
LBT
Gender and social implications of taxation policies Budget 2015
• Benefits wealthy
• Upper-caste/class men
• Shrinking of redistributive fundsScrapping of wealth tax
• Benefits corporates
• Benefits dominant community men as share holders
• Shrinking of redistributive funds
Reduction of corporate tax
• Raising funds for poor, including for poor marginalised women and men difficult
• Prices of some of the essential commodities to rise Shrinking of income tax base and increase
in indirect tax; more deductions
• Benefits corporates
• Dominant community men as share holders
• Shrinking of redistributive funds
Defer anti-avoidance rules
Adapted: Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability, 2015
Implications of more non plan expenditure
Plan expenditure -
Non Plan expenditure +
Social services budget could
reduce with
implications for marg.
women
Gendered implications of fund transfer and financing policies
• Decentralisation of funds to state– will hierarchical attitudes affect implementation? Some not able to spend?
• Centre reducing support for revenue expenditure for a number of plan schemes
• Hence, the total resource envelope for social sectors in the country could witness a decline in 2015-16 -will affect marginalised women more than men
Gender-implications of other proposals
Pension
Insurance
Start up businesses-
/PAN/job creation
Gold monetization?
Direct transfers?
Education loan?
Power plant?
Roof/livelihood MGNREGA
Drop?No
land?
Budget to gender intensified components
MWCD-
More for -C
SC/ST. DWS WR/H/PR/RD/Ag/SME.
AH
Care other than ICDS-
Mid day meal-
Urban housing?
Paid work
Political participation
MGNREGA=
Anemia
Finance, police UD. law
Within ’Gender’ budget what has reduced?
Shelter homes
Schemes for single women
One stop crisis center/help line/PWDVA/Restorative
Hostel for working women
ICDS. ICPS Sabla
Middle and Higher education
MGNREGA
Strengthening PRI
GB as % of total budget
0.94% and as % of GDP
0.012% both GDP
IAY, Mater. Nirbha,
BetiBachao
+++
Towards a gender and socially equitable budget
• Budget in keeping with constitution and legal guarantees on gender and social equity
• Redistributive taxation
• Deductions for labour elastic growth, unskilled, semi skilled, marginalised women
• Insurance and pension schemes which take into account gender issues.
Towards a gender and socially equitable budget
• Budget for marginalised women’s gender specific and transformative needs.
• Protect the existing gender specific/intensified schemes, and strengthen them from gender and social equity
• Budget for housing, land rights, social protection and care • Budget for working with men and boys on gender and
social equality; and privileged women on social equality• Budget for protecting the well being and rights of LGBTs• See women as social, economic and political agents, and
not just mothers and future mothers.