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[email protected] interministériel de la zone de défense et de sécurité Sud April , 2015
FRANCEWildfire strategy
1. Crisis management organizing in France2. French forest fire strategy3. National training program & virtual reality platform4. Southern Regional Interagency Coordination Center5. Aerial fire strategy6. Forest fire & Fire department response7. New technologies
Table of contents
Crisis management organizing in France
Crisis management organizing
Prime Minister on behalf of the President
Interministry crisis cell at Paris CIC
3 main ministries in charge of crisis
Ministry of the interior – homeland security
Ministry of foreign affairs
Ministry of defence – army
other specialized ministries
Ministry of environnment, urbanism& powerMinistry of healthMinistry of agriculture
Palais de l’Elysée
Hôtel Matignon
Interminitry crisis cell
France copes with all kind of risks all over the worldCrisis management organizing
France : national organizing
PARIS = National Coordination Center (COGIC)
7 Civil Defence & Civil protection Zones
With « Prefect » at zonal level
Each zone has its interagency coordination center
PARIS
Crisis management organizing
101 Departments
Each Department (county) has :
•One « prefect » for « interservices » coordination
•One emergency coordination center for interservice response
•One fire & rescue operation center
+Mayotte
Prefect is an administrative representant for each kind of crisisHe valids strategy and plan to Incident Commander
Crisis management organizing
Ministry of the Interior
Homeland security
Defense and Civil
Security Department
& crisis management
Interministry
coordination center
COGIC
Zone Prefect
Zone headquarter
Zonal interagency
coordination center
Prefect
Fire Department
Department
coordination center
Mayor
Firestation
Local dispatcher
Emergency Operation CentersCrisis management organizing
Like operational data lift
It’s a scalable response
• Single risk = local & department response
• Particular risk = county response
• Major risk = zone & national solidarity
• Disaster = national and European aid
Crisis management organizing
At each level different agencies involved
• Fire: County Fire Department
• Police: Police Department & Gendarmerie (militarypolice)
• EMS: Emergency medical services
• Transportation – Environment & Urbanism Services
• All administrative services
• Associations
Crisis management organizing
But on behalf of the Prefect:
all fire & rescue operations are managed by one Incident commander who is a Firefighter officer;
and he commands all services involved in the operation.
French firefighters cover all kind of risks
Crisis management organizing
Wildfire is also a specialty managed by firefighters
Sainte Victoire mountain – Aix en Provence, august,28, 1989, 11:54AM – T+4min
French forest fire strategy
2 main principles:•Global approach for fire prevention and fire suppression•Anticipation: location, time, resources, think before, organize priority , fire behavior, ongoing operations
4 main objectives in national forest fire strategy :•Preventing all fire start : patrol, watchtower, DFCI•Controlling spread in early stages : DFCI, defend lines, access tracks•avoiding catastrophic developments : Massive attack aerial & ground•Rehabilitating areas destroyed by fire : less vulnerable in the future – loops to DFCI
French forest fire strategy since 1994
Fire Management & suppression Partnerswith Fire Departments, fuel removing, prescribed fire :
– National resources (Ministry of the interior)
– DDAF (Ministry of Agriculture)
– ONF (Ministry of Agriculture)
– Forestry services (County)
– Local Patrols (Mayor)
– Scouts
French forest fire strategy since 1994French forest fire strategy
National Training program • National forest fire school
• National training program (1 to 5)
• Departmental exercise
• Regional exercise
• And european exercices
• virtual reality platform:• Realisitic• Complex inputs• Cheaper than real full scale exercises• More flexible• Easy to set up• Natural and manmade risks covered• Test different configurations before operations• Learn by trial and errors
Virtual reality platform
Movie of valabre center
National Training proram
50% of French crises occur in southern France.It manages all kind of risks.3 regions, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, (French Riviera) Languedoc-Roussillon and Corsica, 13 departments (+2 during fire season). It serves 8 Million inhabitants and several millions of tourists over a territory of 67.456 km². 15 permanent staff 24/7 during fire season
Southern regional interagency coordinator center named “COZ Sud”
On behalf of the zonal prefect, regional coordination center has in charge coordination of national fleet of firefighter aircrafts and manage all Search and rescue helicopters. It could dispatch resourceswith 25,000 firefighters , professionals, volunteers, militaries and one civil protection military force of 1,000 staff to reinforce fire departments.
High urbanization and density of populationHeavy wildland urban interface « WUI »
Extreme fires that require implementing many resources:Thousands of men, hundreds of vehiclesMore than a dozen aircrafts simultaneously engaged - different types (helicopters, amphibious, non-amphibious)
COZSouthern regional interagency coordinator center named “COZ Sud”
COZ
Rotary wings : 10 + 20 helicopters
8 EC145 : Command and drops monitoring2 PUMA + light helicopter : Helitack operations20 counties helitacks resources
3 BeechcraftAir Attack & coordination
9 Trackers S2FRetardant
12 canadairs CL415Water / Retardant
2 DASH8 QS400Water / Retardant
Fixed wings : 25 aircrafts
and 16 aerial retardant bases
Forest fire National air resourcesAerial fire strategy
Low Light Moderate High Very high Extreme
Average distribution duringfire season since 1992
Air patrols when severe weather conditions :High = aerial patrol with conditionsVery high = aerial patrol over « very high » location defined by « meteo France » + ground patrolsExtreme = several races of aerial patrols + lot of ground patrols
Aerial Firefighting StrategyAerial fire strategy
Predictive Service
Forest Fire & Fire Department Response
1.Fast initial attack2.Massive attack3.Priority to fire ignition
• Ground Patrols = Resources assigned based on risk analysis
• Short time = Reducing response time by increasing units on the
ground and patrols
• Safety = Increasing collective and personal safety
Based on 3 main actions:
• Aerial PatrolsAdapted and proportioned response : resources activated and deployed accordingly to the fire danger (D-1) : – Aerial retardant bases (call to open)– Aerial resources pre-deployment (national, regional and local level)– Counties resources 20 helitacks Type 2
• Fast detection– Prepositioned resources, watch towers, remote sensors (cameras, …),
operational GIS
• Massive Attacks = Strong resources in the first 5 minutes– Aerial patrol : 2 Trackers (S2F) with retardants available
“G.A.AR. = Guet Aerien ARmé”
Aerial Firefighting Strategy1) Very fast initial attack
Aerial fire strategy
• Heavy resources deployed in the first minutes4 to 6 Canadairs – “train of aerial resources” + 1 DASH
Sometimes wave = all resources available
Aerial Firefighting Strategy
2) Massive attack
Aerial fire strategy
Forest Fire primary units
Forest Fire Truck
M I R (2 MIR=1 GIFF)
GIFF (Strike Team)
GIL (Heavy Strike Team)
Water spray – self protection
Mini 3500 Liters
Forest Fire & Fire Department response
or
Forest Fire additional units
GIR (Retardant)
GALFF (20 000 L of Water)
DIH (hot shot crew with water)
Structure Strike Team
Forest Fire & Fire Department response
Ground Criss-Cross ( GI , MIR )
Pinus 2looktout
Forest fire
Lookout
Network
FD EOC
Planes
Regional EOC
Fire station
Patrols
Command post
Patrols
Forest Fire & Fire Department response
Wildfires Context in France
Context of fires in southern France:
Extreme weather conditions in July-August:• Temperatures near 40°C• Very strong winds, sometimes> 100 km/h• Humidity between 10 or 20% in extreme conditions• High level of urbanization – large population and
strong economic activity • Large influx of tourists in summer
Context
Conditions which result:
Very powerful fires that can spread > 2000 m/h
Fire/population interfaces difficult to manage
Damage or disruptions on economic activities (blackouts, closure of highways, railroads)
Context Context
Extreme fires require implementing many resources:
Thousands of men, hundreds of vehiclesMore than dozen aircrafts simultaneously, different types (helicopters, amphibious, non-amphibious)
ContextContext
New toolsto improve situational awareness
AERIAL MONITORING SYSTEMimproving situational awareness
Features
Aerial monitoring System in Corsica
Wildfires
Aerial monitoring System mapping
Wildfires
NTO
Operational Implementation
Improving situation awareness :
–Real time video
–High quality pictures and zoom
– Infrared sensor
– Tracking
–Measurement of distances and perimeters
Aerial monitoring system features
3D -2D mapping
SBO1
SBO2
PC SBO
Seeley
IVE
FDF
CTE
FDF STA
FDF
Left Branch
Chanel 16
Right Branch
Chanel 10
WWD 2
FDF
WWD 3
FDF
Jobs peak
CRA
INC
WWD 4
FDF
SBO 2
FDF
WWD 1
FDF
SBO 1
FDF
LCR
INC
ORE
INC
RHD 2
FDF
CTE
INC
BBR
HSC
BKD
ALIM
STA
SAP
Front Branch
Chanel 10
4 CL 415
C 130
DOZER
AVY
BMN
ALIM
RVE
HSC
DRA
HSCCRA
ALIM
DRAGON
N
ORE
RLT
Achieving tactical maps with GPS
Fire suppression actions monitoring by presentation of ongoing :
Resource localization
fire suppression actions
strategy
And future actions
Thank you for your attention…
Sources from : [email protected] , [email protected] & [email protected] from web and basc
