SOUTHERN LAOS FOOD & NUTRITION SECURITY AND MARKET LINKAGES PROGRAMME – SMALLHOLDER ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE (FNML-SACCC)Progress Report (October 2013 – March 2016)

CONTENTS• Introduction of Southern Laos Food & Nutrition Security and

Market Linkages Programme – Smallholder Adaptation to Climate Change Component (FNML-SACCC)

• Physical Progress of FNML activities• Programme Progress Report base on Log frame indicators• Programme Disbursement• Lessons Learnt

INTRODUCTION OF FNML-SACCC• Location: 3 southern provinces of Lao PDR

and 5 poorest districts e.g. Phouvong and Sanxai in Attapue, Duckcheung in Sekong and Samoi and Taoy in Salavanh.

• Targets: 175 poor and poorest villages with 10,500 households and 63,000 direct beneficiaries.

• Endorsement: Programme implementation October 2013 – September 2019, Financial Closing in March 2020.

GOAL: CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGERDEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION AND INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE TARGET AREA

FUNDINGFunding Source FNML SACCC TotalIFAD 9.72 0.00 9.72ASAP 0.00 5.03 5.03GoL 0.56 0.6 1.15Bank & Private Sector 1.48 0.00 1.48Beneficiary 0.54 0.93 1.47Total: 12.3 6.56 18.85

• Main funding sources are: • IFAD Grant No. D-I SDF8117-LA: US$ 9.72• ASAP Grant No. 200001141: US$ 5.03

• Government contribution amounts US$ 1.15 mill. in form of government financing taxes and duties as well as government staff salaries.

• private sector and Partner Banks will contribute around US$ 1.48 million inform of investments and loans for agri-business.

• Beneficiary contribution amounts US$ 1.47 mill. in form of labors and local given materials calculated in current market price

52%

27%

6%8%

8%

IFAD

ASAP

GoL

Bank & Private Sector

Beneficiary

COMPONENTSFNML-COMPONENTS

1• Food and Nutrition Security

and Pro-Poor Market Access

2• Inclusive Rural Finance

Support

3• Institutional Support

SACCC-SUB COMPONENTS (STARTING FY 2015-16)

1• Enabling environment for

climate change adaptation strengthened

2• Community-based Adaptation

Investment Plans sustainably implemented

3• Climate change adaptation

fund disbursed

GOAL & OBJECTIVES INDICATORSGOAL: CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION AND INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE TARGET AREA

90% of 10,500 HH out of poverty

At least 50% of households with improved food security

20% reduction in child malnutrition

Household assets index increased by at least 50%

60% of target households report 50% increase in the agricultural output of diversified food crops and key cash crop products

At least 30% increase in home garden nutritional food consumption (balance after production increase)

50% increase of number of HHs accessing financial services (including Group Saving)

50% of target HHs have entered into a successful PPP

GOAL & OBJECTIVES INDICATORS (SACCC)

DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION AND INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE TARGET AREA

GOAL: CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

6,000 households report an agricultural output of food crops of at least 2.0 tons/ha

900 vulnerable HH cultivate 270 ha of vegetables

4,000 HHs accessing financial services

3,000 HHs participating in a PPP

4,200 direct beneficiary HHs moved down the CC vulnerability scale by at least one step

PHYSICAL PROGRESSAs of March 2016

VILLAGE PROGRAMMING

2013-14 2014-15 2015-160

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

25

75 75

25

100

175

25

100

173

PRA Village Plan VD implemented

• A three day Participatory Rural Appraisal was carried out in each target get village.

• Problem analysis and need assessment were carried out by the district team leaded by DAFO consisted of representatives from district line agencies.

• Village Development Plan prepared by the end of the exercise, and this will be basis for development of FNML AWPB.

PROMOTION OF KEY CROPS

2013-14 2014-15 2015-160

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

247

754 769

0 440

072

453

0

117

8

Coffee Arabica Vegetable (Cash crops)Cassava Maize

• Potential market-oriented crops have been identified together with target farmers during VDP exercise.

• FNML provides the participating farmers with seeds material and equipment.

• A three day on the job training was provided before starting activities.

• Monitoring and on field supervision has been carried on the regularly basic.

NICHE CROPS

2013-14 2014-15 2015-160

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

243

1044

1766

22086

27099 36 5282

298

85

715

488

12 26 3022 24

Bong Cardamom Ginseng MoringaBanana Pine apples Others

• Potential perennial and annual crops were identified with interested group of farmers during PRA exercise.

• FNML provides seeds, material and equipment (shade nets, plastic bags..etc).

• A number of days training was provided by DAFO staff depending on need.

• On field supervision was organized on the regular basis by the Kumban staff.

HOME GARDEN

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 -

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

744

1,932

5,849

744

2,527

7,871

595

2,022

6,297

119 607

3,148

HH received Starter Kits HH implementing HGHH consuming Vegetable HH have income from HG

• Home gardening is opened activity for all households. FNML tries to get as much as possible number of HH to join in the activity.

• HG has been promoted as one activities under the nutrition component.

• FNML provides seeds, material and equipment for participating HH as a starter kit.

• Training on HG was provided on the job.

NUTRITION CAMPAIGN

2013-14 2014-15 2015-160

20

40

60

80

100

120

25

75

40

100

0

25

100

00

61

0

Nutrition campaign Cooking classHygien campaign Malnutrition survey

• Nutrition campaign will be organized once in each target village and cover possible all men, women and children.

• Cooking class targeted women in HH which are identified as malnourish.

• Hygienic campaign was organized as part of nutrition campaign.

• Malnutrition survey is done for all target villages to check the malnutrition status of children under 5 years old.

WATER SUPPLY (UN-HABITAT)

2013-14 2014-15 2015-160

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0

15

00

8

0

Construction Rehabilitation

• New construction of 2 underground water system and 1 rehabilitation of water supply in Phouvong district, 94 HH benefited.

• 5 water supply system constructed in Sanxai, 964 HH benefited

• 2 new construction and 3 rehabilitation of gravity fed system in Samoi, 418 HH benefited.

• 4 rehabilitation and 1 construction of gravity fed water schemes, 423 HH benefited.

• 5 gravity fed water system constructed in Duckcheng, 300 HH benefited.

RURAL FINANCE

2013-14 2014-15 2015-160

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

15

69

0

15

69

0 04

Group Formation

Saving group formation Saving group operationalGroup lending

2013-14 2014-15 2015-160

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

0

15000

53500

0 0

8000

0 0

8000

Loan Portfolio

Saving amount Loan issuedloan outstanding portfolio

VALUE CHAIN• Initiative trainings organized

in Taoy district for banana value chain (making banana chips, dried banana ect.)

• Training on post harvesting and processing of coffee for coffee production groups in Sanxai district.

• Provision of 6 coffee processing machines to coffee production group of farmers in Sanxai district

BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP DEVELOPMENT

• MOU signed between FNML and Khouanchai Chalern Karnkha for coffee production and trading in programme target villages.

• MOU of cooperation between Nayobai Bank and FNML is still under process of signing.

• A small market facility established along road in Taoy district for farmers to sell their agriculture produces.

STAFF TRAINING

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16020406080

100120140160180200

174

50

15

5774

35

64 65 65

26

80

00

75

00 0

88

No Staff trained by sub-ject & year

M&E & PCAP Finance & SoftwarePRA & VDP TOT for extensionNutrition ITC

M&E & PC

AP

Finan

ce & Soft

ware

PRA & VDP

TOT f

or ex

tensio

n

Nutrition ITC

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

183130 146

84 55 63

56

3648

2220 25

No staff trained by sex

M F

FARMER TRAINING

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 -

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

-

325 147

744

1,932

-

372

1,642

- 298

1,314

-

Farmers trained by year & subject

farmer to farmer Croping techniquesExtension techniques Post havesting/ processing

farmer

to far

mer

Cropin

g tech

niques

Extens

ion te

chniqu

es

Post h

avest

ing/ pr

ocessi

ng -

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

435

1,607 1,511 1,209 118

1,069 504

403

Farmers trained by sex

M F

PROGRESS ON LOG FRAME INDICATORS As of March 2016

1. PROJECT BENEFICIARIESYEAR 1 (13-

14)YEAR 2 (14-

15)YEAR 3 (15-

16)YEAR 4 (16-

17)YEAR 5 (17-

18)YEAR 6 (18-

19)YEAR 7 (19-

20)Men 3,175 11,330 0 0 0 0 0

Cumulative men 3,175 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505Women 3,304 11,793 0 0 0 0 0

Cumulative women 3,304 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097Total per year 6,479 23,123 0 0 0 0 0

Total cumulatives 6,479 29,602 29,602 29,602 29,602 29,602 29,602

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

3,175

11,330

0 0 0 0 0

3,304

11,793

0 0 0 0 0

3,175

14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505

3,304

15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097

Men WomenCumulative Men Cumulative Women

Analysis: From the beginning of the project to year 2, 29.602 people have benefited from the project, 51% are women and 49% are men.

Targetbeneficiaries:

63.000Women:50%

2. AT LEAST 85% OF HH ADOPTS SUPPORT SERVICES

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

Men 324 1,156 0 0 0 0 0Cumulative men 324 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480

Women 756 2,698 0 0 0 0 0Cumulative women 756 3,454 3,454 3,454 3,454 3,454 3,454

Total per year 1,080 3,854 0 0 0 0 0Total cumulatives 1,080 4,934 4,934 4,934 4,934 4,934 4,934

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

324

1,156

0 0 0 0 0

756

2,698

0 0 0 0 0

Men Women Cumulative Men Cumulative Women

Analysis: From the beginning of the project to year 2, 4 934 households have adopted support services. 70% of these households are women headed.

TargetMen: 4452

Women: 4463

3. AT LEAST 50% OF HH ADOPTS IMPROVED TECHNIQUES

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

Men 259 925 0 0 0 0 0Cumulative men 259 1,184 1,184 1,184 1,184 1,184 1,184

Women 389 1,387 0 0 0 0 0Cumulative

women 389 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,776

Total per year 648 2,312 0 0 0 0 0Total

cumulatives 648 2,960 2,960 2,960 2,960 2,960 2,960

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

259

925

0 0 0 0 0

389

1,387

0 0 0 0 0

Men WomenCumulative Men Cumulative Women

Analysis: From the beginning of the project to year 2, 2 960 households have adopted improved techniques. 60% of these households are women headed.

TargetMen: 2 625

Women: 2 625

4. 2000 DAYS OF FARMER TO FARMER EXTENTION (50% WOMEN; 50% MEN)

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

Days 0 22 0 0 0 0 0

Cumulative Days 0 22 22 22 22 22 22

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

22

0 0 0 0 0

Days Cumulative Days

Analysis: In year 2, 22 days of farmer to farmer extension have been completed, which is only 1% of the project's target (2000 days). Information regarding the participants (men/women) is not yet available.

5. AT LEAST 85% OF HH DEMONSTRATE IMPROVED KNOWLEDGE IN NUTRITIONAL HOME GARDENING (80% WOMEN; 20% MEN)

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

Men 112 290 0 0 0 0 0Cumulative men 112 401 401 401 401 401 401

Women 632 1,642 0 0 0 0 0Cumulative

women 632 2,275 2,275 2,275 2,275 2,275 2,275

Total per year 744 1,932 0 0 0 0 0Total

cumulatives 744 2,676 2,676 2,676 2,676 2,676 2,676

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

112290

0 0 0 0 0

632

1,642

0 0 0 0 0

Men WomenCumulative Men Cumulative Women

Analysis: From year 1 to 2, 2 676 households demonstrated improved knowledge in nutritional home gardening, which represents 30% of the project's target of 8 925 households. 85% of those households are women headed..

TargetMen: 1 785

Women: 7 140

5. 60 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

Water Supply 0 23 0 0 0 0 0

Cumulative 0 23 23 23 23 23 23

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

23

0 0 0 0 0

Water Supply Cumulative

Analysis: In year 2, 23 drinking water supply schemes have been constructed/rehabilitated, which is 38% of the project's target of 60 schemes.

Target60

6. EACH OF THE 175 TARGET VILLAGES HAS RECEIVED GENERAL INFORMATION AND BASIC TRAINING IN ACCESSING A GROUP LOAN AND MATCHING GRANT

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

Village 0 17 23 0 0 0 0

Cumulative Village 0 17 40 40 40 40 40

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0

17

23

0 0 0 0

Village Cumulative Village

Analysis: In year 2, 17 villages have received general info and basic training in accessing a group loan and matching grant. They were 23 in year 3, so a total of 40, which is 23% of the project's target of 175 villages.

7. AT LEAST 50 VILLAGES RECEIVED MATCHING GRANTS FOR JOINT INVESTMENTS IN MARKETING FACILITIES

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

Village 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cumulative Village 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

YEAR 1 (13-14)

YEAR 2 (14-15)

YEAR 3 (15-16)

YEAR 4 (16-17)

YEAR 5 (17-18)

YEAR 6 (18-19)

YEAR 7 (19-20)

0

1

1

Village Cumulative Village

Analysis: No any progress regarding this activity from year 1 to 2.

DISBURSEMENTAs of March 2016

DISBURSEMENT BY COMP

DISBURSEMENTS PER COMPONENT (USD '000) YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) Total

Component I: Food and Nutrition Security and Pro Poor Market Access.

Approved 1,028.04 1,799.55 1,494.83 4,322.42

Achieved 572.49 1,121.42 301.78 1,995.68

% Achieved 56% 62% 20% 46%

Component II: Inclusive Rural Finance

Approved - 588.70 68.62 657.32

Achieved - 300.53 - 300.53

% Achieved #DIV/0! 51% 0% 46%

Component III: Institutional Support

Approved 939.75 1,208.82 1,419.98 3,568.55

Achieved 464.03 979.61 531.57 1,975.21

% Achieved 49% 81% 37% 55%

Component IV: SACCC

Approved - - 934.87 934.87

Achieved - - - -

% Achieved #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0% 0%

Total

Approved 1,967.79 3,597.07 3,918.30 9,483.16

Achieved 1,036.51 2,401.57 833.35 4,271.43

% Achieved 53% 67% 21% 45%

YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) -

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1,000.00

1,200.00

1,400.00

1,600.00

1,800.00

2,000.00

Comp 1 Approved Comp 2 Approved Comp 3 Approved Comp 4 ApprovedComp 1 Achieved Comp 2 Achieved Comp 3 Achieved Comp 4 Achieved

DISBURSEMENTS PER FINANCERDISBURSEMENTS PER FINANCER (USD '000) YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) Total

IFAD Grant

Approved 1,728.49 3,354.87 3,672.70 8,756.06Achieved 902.21 2,151.02 765.55 3,818.78

% Achieved 52% 64% 21% 44%

Government

Approved 54.30 142.20 135.60 332.10Achieved 54.30 150.55 67.80 272.65

% Achieved 100% 106% 50% 82%

Private Sector

Approved 99.00 0.00 0.00 99.00Achieved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

% Achieved 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00

Banks

Approved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Achieved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

% Achieved #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Beneficiaries

Approved 6.00 0.00 0.00 6.00Achieved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

% Achieved 0.00% #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00%

UN Habitat

Approved 80.00 100.00 110.00 290.00Achieved 80.00 100.00 0.00 180.00

% Achieved 100% 100% 0% 62%

TotalApproved 1,967.79 3,597.07 3,918.30 9,483.16Achieved 1,036.51 2,401.57 833.35 4,271.43

% Achieved 53% 67% 21% 45%

YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16)0.00

500.00

1,000.00

1,500.00

2,000.00

2,500.00

3,000.00

3,500.00

4,000.00

IFAD Grant Approved Government Approved Private Sector ApprovedBanks Approved Beneficiaries Approved UN Habitat ApprovedIFAD Achieved Government Achieved Private Sector AchievedBanks Achieved Beneficiaries Achieved UN Habitat Achieved

DISBURSEMENTS BY CATEGORY

YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16)0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1,000.00

1,200.00

1,400.00

Civil Work Approved Vehicle and Equipment ApprovedTechnical Assistance Approved Operating Cost ApprovedAgriculture Inputs Approved Matching Grant ApprovedTraining and Capacity Building Approved Civil Work AchievedVehicle and Equipment Achieved Technical Assistance AchievedOperating Cost Achieved Agriculture Inputs AchievedMatching Grant Achieved Training and Capacity Building Achieved

DISBURSEMENTS PER CATEGORY (USD '000) YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) Total

I. CIVIL WORKApproved 380.00 800.00 730.00 1,910.00Achieved 380.00 800.00 0.00 1,180.00

% Achieved 100% 100% 0% 62%

II. VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT

Approved 293.90 21.50 297.00 612.40Achieved 68.50 270.36 0.00 338.86

% Achieved 23% 1257% 0% 55%

III. AGRICULTURE INPUTSApproved 315.00 702.06 529.94 1,547.00Achieved 122.64 206.33 313.18 642.15

% Achieved 39% 29% 59% 42%

IV. MATCHING GRANTApproved 85.00 225.00 33.12 343.12Achieved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

% Achieved 0% 0% 0% 0%

V. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Approved 279.80 763.60 491.10 1,534.50Achieved 139.09 491.70 98.08 728.87

% Achieved 50% 64% 20% 47%

VI. TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING

Approved 446.04 641.19 1,220.26 2,307.49Achieved 173.73 174.01 124.04 471.77

% Achieved 39% 27% 10% 20%

VII. OPERATING COSTApproved 168.05 443.72 616.88 1,228.65Achieved 152.55 459.17 298.05 909.76

% Achieved 91% 103% 48% 74%

TotalApproved 1,967.79 3,597.07 3,918.30 9,483.16Achieved 1,036.51 2,401.57 833.34 4,271.42

% Achieved 53% 67% 21% 45%

Lessons LearntAs proposals to COSOP

LESSONS LEARNT• The Southern Laos Food & Nutrition Security and Market Linkages

Programme has been designed based on successes and lessons learnt from the Rural Livelihood Improvement Programme (RLIP) which has been implemented from October 2005 to September 2013 in three districts of Attapeu province.

• RLIP has been successfully mainstreaming community development into government community and district planning systems, which although requiring more work to institutionalize the process should be replicated into new IFAD programmes in Lao PDR.

• In the most remote and poorest villages a social entry point, such as the provision of water supply or health services, and road access is needed as a starting point to be able to successfully work on food and nutrition security, value chain & business development, etc.

LESSONS LEARNT (CONT.)• There is need to expand the range of activities beyond crop production

only to more integrated livelihood oriented activities to respond to demand of farmers, including chicken, small livestock and fish.

• Better integration of water and agricultural activities in the programme, e.g. through multi-use water system that serve both domestic and production purposes as well as supporting water-efficient production systems in the many villages where water availability is a critical constraint to increased agricultural production.

• There is need to orient programme activities to two different types of farmer groups e.g. - "producer groups" oriented towards more market driven production and "learning groups" more focused on meeting food needs and addressing nutrition requirement (and hence largely looking at production and practices not specifically linked to the market)

LESSONS LEARNT (CONT.)• Targeting of the programme should be varied according to

types of activities, but not only focused on the poor (e.g. market-oriented production vs. food security).

• Good exist strategies are very important to ensure sustainability of the project achievements, therefore there is need to include these strategies to the project implemention manual.

Thanks!!