Financing Sustainable Management of Sanitation for India

Financing Sustainable Management of Sanitation for IndiaDigital Artefact submitted as part of course “Financing for Development”

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Sustainable Development Goals | Sanitation

Objectives related to sanitationEquitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for allAccess to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for allEnd open defecationSpecial attention to the needs of women and girlsInternational Cooperation and capacity building support to developing countriesSupport and strengthen the participation of local communities

Digital Artefact submitted as part of course “Financing for Development” – Rajesh Nooka

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India| Status of Sanitation• India has more mobile

phones than toilets• 60% of all open defecations

in the world are in India• 50% of slums lack drainage

facilities• 30% of deaths of Indians

under 5 are diarrhoea related• Female learners drop out of

school due to lack of toilets


Image source: http://muftbooks.com/open-defecation-important-facts/

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India | Access to sanitation


2011 2012 2013 2014 201501020304050607080

Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with access)

India Lower Middle Income World Source: World Bank

Indians having access to sanitation is much lesser than the average of World and even the Lower Middle Income Countries

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India | Access to sanitation


2011 2012 2013 2014 2015050

100150200

Improved sanitation facilit-ies (% of population with

access)

India Lower Middle Income World

Source: World Bank

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Indian household without toilet facilities | 2012

No Bathroom No Latrine0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Rural India Urban India


Source: National Sample Survey

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Sanitation Programmes in India | Challenges• Establishing huge sanitation infrastructure to provide

public services for all• Lack of proper waste disposal systems• Keeping waste out of environment• Lack of awareness in rural areas about ill-effects of poor

sanitation• Lack of resources (Land, Water, Energy etc.,) to build,

maintain and operate sanitation facilities/infrastructure such as toilets, waste disposal systems, sewers etc., • Fragmented between national and state (provincial)

governments


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Initiatives by the Government• Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan or Total Sanitation Campaign• A programme following the principles of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) initiated by the Government of India

• Nirmal Gram Puraskar• Award to recognise the achievements and efforts made in ensuring full sanitation coverage

• Central Rural Sanitation Program • Program to improve quality of life of the rural people and also to provide

privacy and dignity to women• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission)• National campaign by the Government of India, covering 4,041 statutory

cities and towns, to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country


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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) | Objectives

Eliminate open defecation by constructing toilets for households, communitiesEradicate manual scavengingIntroduce modern and scientific municipal solid waste management practicesEnable private sector participation in the sanitation sectorChange people’s attitudes to sanitation and create awarenessCapacity augmentation for Urban Local Bodies Create enabling environment for private sector participation (Capex & Opex)


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Financing Sanitation• Provide funds for all the elements of the sanitation program• Be sustainable. Funds must always be available for the key elements of the

sanitation program, and match funding to the responsibilities of different institutional partners.

• Advance agreed national sanitation policies and strategies: Financing practice must be consistent with the declared spirit of national policies and strategies.

• Maximize public and private benefits: Sanitation and hygiene improvements have public and private costs and benefits. Public funds should be used for hygienic practices, policy development and institutional strengthening, community hardware such as wastewater treatment plants and sewer collection systems. Private funds should be used for essentially private elements of the system (soap, individual latrines etc).

• Achieve equity: Equity concerns apply equally to the hygiene behavior elements of the program. Adequate funds must be made available if health gains are to be achieved in areas where there has been little progress in the past.


Source: World Bank Resource Guide

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Financing requirements | Swachh Bharat Mission • Swachh Bharat Mission envisages an investment

of ₹62009 crore (US$9.3 billion)• ₹14623 crore (US$2.2 billion) will be provided by the Government of India• The rest is expected to be raised by states, urban local bodies, and from

private players. • For FY 2015-16, the Government has allocated ₹3625 crore

(US$540 million) for Swachh Bharat Mission, an increase of 27% over the previous financial year.

• For funding the mission, a Swachh Bharat Cess has been imposed on Service Tax at the rate of 0.5% since 15 November 2015.

• The programme has also received funding and technical support from the World Bank, corporations as part of corporate social responsibility initiatives, and by state governments under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan schemes.


Source: Wikipedia

Digital Artefact submitted as part of course “Financing for Development – Rajesh Nooka12

ConclusionAccess to decent sanitation stands for dignity of life and a basic need of human beingsAdequate sanitation is directly related to human health and poverty alleviation

Government & Nonprofit

Financing Sustainable Management of Sanitation for India