Experiences from the EVA Project - Katharina Winter

Energy Crops benefits Soil Improvement? Basic views of the EVA-‐project

Katharina Winter_project coordina1on EVA_TLL_may 2014 • 01.10.2014 • Alkmaar • 1

Experiences from the EVA-‐Project "Joint project: development and comparison of op1mized cul1va1on systems for the agricultural produc1on of energy crops under different local condi1ons within Germany“

Katharina Winter EVA-‐Project Coordina1on Thüringer Landesanstalt

für LandwirtschaR Jena, Germany


Katharina Winter_project coordina1on EVA_TLL_may 2014 Katharina Winter • EVA Project Coordina1on • 01.10.2014 • Alkmaar • 2

EVA-‐project partner and test fields within Germany



Nuclear power and fossil fuels no thanks German Renewable Energies Act since 2000 nearly 8000 biogas plants in 2014

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substrates for the biogas plants consist of 50 % agricultural crops land-‐use change: 2.4 mio ha cul1va1on of renewable resources =1/5 of the arable land (1.2 mio ha crops for biogas substrates)



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most produc1ve crop with the highest methane yield → maize



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Land-‐use change: 800 000 ha or 30 % more cul1va1on of maize, within 6 years



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The German Government funds the EVA-‐project with the objec1ve:

•  sustainable cul1va1on systems of energy crops •  considera1on of protec1ve goods: biodiversity, water, soil, climate •  prospect for maintaining farms


Katharina Winter_project coordina1on EVA_TLL_may 2014 Katharina Winter• EVA Project Coordina1on • 01.10.2014 • Alkmaar • 8

EVA crop rota1ons

data: dry maber yields, methane yields, contribu1on margin, plant health of winter wheat

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EVA II 2009-‐2013

crop

rotaCo

n

01 including C3/C4-‐

plants and summer-‐

intermediate crops

02 including C3/C4-‐ plants with 50 %

cash crops

03 including C3/C4-‐

plants and summer-‐ and

winter-‐ intermediate

crops

04 including forage

mixtures

05 including C3/C4-‐ plants with 50 %

cash crops

07 maize rota>on as

referenece

2009 Winter Barley Sorghum Sorghum Maize Summer Barley Oats mixture Maize

2010 Maize Winter Rye Maize

Winter Rye Sorghum Forage Crops Winter TriCcale Maize

2011 Winter TriCcale Phacelia Winter Tri>cale Winter TriCcale

anual Ryegrass Forage Crops Winter Oilseed Rape Maize

2012 Winter Wheat* Winter Wheat* Winter Wheat* Winter Wheat* Winter Wheat* Winter Wheat*

bold = whole-‐crops for substrates, standard = cash crop produc1on * in Brandenburg and Sachsen winter rye instead of winter wheat



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results from the EVA-‐test field in Thüringen (Dornburg): dry maber and methane yield

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figure: J. Eckne

r, mod

ified

mean values from

2005-‐2013 (E

VA I and EV

A II)

change in th

e CR

-‐systems in CR

01

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

CR01 EVA

I

CR01 EVA

II

CR02 m

ean

EVA II

CR03 m

ean

EVA II

CR04 m

ean

EVA II

CR05 m

ean

EVA II

CR07 m

ean

EVA II

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Metha

ne yield [N

m³ C

H4/ha]

Dry maR

er yield [M

g DM

/ha]

Dry maber yield



Results from the EVA-‐test field in Thüringen (Dornburg): EVA-‐contribu1on margin

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figure: J. Eckne

r, mod

ified

mean values from

2005-‐2013 (E

VA I and EV

A II)

change in th

e CR

-‐systems in CR

01

707 €

1,055 €

881 €

624 € 21

9 €

-‐87 €

955 €

1,128 €

1,311 €

1,308 €

1,657 €

1,502 €

-‐400

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

CR01 EVA

I

CR01 EVA

II

CR02 m

ean

EVA II

CR03 m

ean

EVA II

CR04 m

ean

EVA II

CR05 m

ean

EVA II

CR07 m

ean

EVA II

-‐12

-‐2

8

18

28

38

48

58

EVA-‐contrib

uCon

margin [€

/ha]

Dry maR

er yield [M

g DM

/ha]



Results from the EVA-‐test field in Thüringen (Dornburg): indicators for ecological evalua1on

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Data: ZALF

CR01 CR02 CR03 CR04 CR05 CR07

Humus [kg Corg/(ha*a)]1

-‐271 -‐61 -‐256 321 -‐32 -‐353

water consumption [mm/a]2

394 373 393 392 395 431

GHG-‐emissions/product [kg CO2-‐eq./(GJ CH4*a)]3

5,0 8,5 5,8 4,0 7,2 4,2

GHG-‐emissions/area unit [kg CO2-‐eq./ha*a]3

2,4 2,2 2,6 1,5 1,8 2,3

energy input [GJ/(ha*a)]4

25,5 23,3 27,5 17,8 19,5 23,3

EROI (energy return on energy investment)4

4,8 3,0 4,0 5,4 3,3 5,9

biotic indicatorshabitat for birds (breeding)

4 species 51,71 1,37 1,56 2,55 1,47 1,14

habitat for birds (food) 3 species 5 2,65 2,31 2,72 5,02 1,32 1,74

1 VDLUFA calculation, modified2 =evapotranspiration, modeled with MONICA3 modeled with MiLA (ISO 14040) negativ effect 4 modeleld with MiLA (VDI 4600) positiv or less negativ effect5 index calculated with HVM

abiotic indicators


Katharina Winter_project coordina1on EVA_TLL_may 2014 Katharina Winter• EVA Project Coordina1on • 01.10.2014 • Alkmaar •13

Summary for Thüringen: Maize as a 3 year series (CR07) •  furthermore the most profitable crop for substrate produc1on for biogas plants. •  worst effects on environmental indicators, like humifica1on, water consump1on and biodiversity, but the best EROI value. CR04 with summer barley and biennial forage crops (alfalfa-‐grass-‐mixture) •  85 % dry maber yield of CR07 •  second best economic results without cash crops (75 % contribu1on margin of CR07) •  posi1ve effects on humifica1on •  indicator for biodiversity are posi1ve compared with all other CRs. •  energy input and GHG emissions has the lowest values. …combina1on ...

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EVA I+II 2005-‐2013

site-‐specific crop rota1on yields

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Bayern

Sachsen-‐An

halt

Thüringen

Bade

n-‐Würbem

berg

Mecklen

burg-‐

Vorpom

mern

Brande

nburg

Sachsen

Niede

rsachsen

[Mg DM

/ha]

yields of 5 crop rotaCons (2005-‐2013)

CR01

CR02

CR03

CR04

CR05



crop rota1ons include combina1ons of C3-‐plants (maize, sorghum) and C4-‐plants (cereals, grass, legumes etc.) like in CR01 and CR03 show high yield at every site → reducing cul1va1on risks (weather) …high yields but reduced humificaCon.

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figure: L. B

oese, 2013



General results: •  Maize is furthermore the most profitable crop for substrate

produc1on

•  Op1mal culCvaCon systems for stable biomass yields combined maize/sorghum (C4) with cereal whole crop use (C3)

•  Sorghum is preferable in drough regions •  Site specific forage crops ( grass and clover-‐grass mixtures in

regions with precipita1on of 650 mm/a and more; alfalfa and alfalfa-‐ grass mixtures in regions with less precipita1on)

could produce sa1sfactory results

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sustainable agriculture •  stable organic carbon contents for soil conserva1on (erosion

preven1on) •  nutrient holding capaci1es (reducing N-‐leaching for water

protec1on) •  Benefits for biodiversity (perennial crops for food and

breeding habitats) →perennial forage crops →nurse crops →green manure

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First I thank all my EVA collegues from the different ins1tu1ons for their brilliant work. •  Landesforschungsanstalt für LandwirtschaR und Fischerei (LFA), Mecklenburg-‐Vorpommern •  Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, LandwirtschaR und Geologie (LfULG), Sachsen •  LandwirtschaRliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg (LTZ), Baden-‐Würbemberg •  Technologie-‐ und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe

(TFZ), Bayern •  Thüringer Landesanstalt für LandwirtschaR (TLL), Thüringen •  LandwirtschaRskammer Niedersachsen (LWKNS), Niedersachen •  Landesamt für Ländliche Entwicklung, LandwirtschaR und Flurneuordnung (LELF),

Brandenburg •  Leibniz-‐Ins1tut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-‐Bornim (ATB), Brandenburg •  Landesanstalt für LandwirtschaR, Forsten und Gartenbau (LLFG), Sachsen-‐Anhalt •  Fachhochschule Kiel, Schleswig-‐Holstein •  Justus-‐Liebig-‐Universität Gießen, Hessen •  Leibniz-‐Zentrum für AgrarlandschaRs-‐ und Landnutzungsforschung (ZALF), Brandenburg •  Universität Kassel, Hessen •  Julius-‐Kühn-‐Ins1tut, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen

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Katharina Winter_project coordina1on EVA_TLL_may 2014 Katharina Winter • EVA Project Coordina1on • 01.10.2014 • Alkmaar •19

…..and the FNR (Agency for Renewable Resources) and BMEL (Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Germany) for funding this project. Then I want to thank the EBA for the invita1on.

And last but not least I thank you for your aben1on.

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Government & Nonprofit

Experiences from the EVA Project - Katharina Winter