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Co-Management for Sustainable Tourism in Ngapali Beach, Myanmar
Jonathan Liljeblad (Nanda Zaw Win)
Fulbright Scholar, Myanmar 2014-2015
Lecturer, Law School, University of New England [email protected]
Abstract: Ngapali Beach is being developed as a tourist destination. The attraction for tourists is Ngapali’s coastal environment. It is, however, facing problems in both environment and development that may frustrate its hopes for tourism. Other ecotourism destinations offer lessons to help Ngapali Beach become a sustainable tourist destination.
Consider: Aloguinsan, Cebu, Philippines [courtesy of Gloria Estenzo Ramos (OCEANA),
Edward Lorenzo (OCEANA), Joselito Costas (BAETA)]
Jonathan Liljeblad [email protected] 2
Contact Information: Gloria “Golly” Estenzo Ramos (OCEANA) [email protected] Edward Lorenzo (OCEANA) [email protected] Joselito “Boboi” Costas (BAETA) [email protected]
Tanon Strait: 42 towns 2.1 million people 26,850 local fishers
Aloguinsan: 27,650 people
Consider: Aloguinsan, Cebu, Philippines Unsustainable Development
Jonathan Liljeblad [email protected] 3
Problems of unsustainable development: • Blast fishing, cyanide fishing • Water, air, land pollution • Deforestation • Waste
Consider: Aloguinsan, Cebu, Philippines Ongoing Solutions
Jonathan Liljeblad [email protected] 4
Sustainable development via eco-tourism: • Recruit & train fishers as snorkeling/diving tour operators • Recruit & train housewives as nature/mangrove tour guides • Hotels/restaurants use local organic food from fishers &
farmers • Hotels/restaurants & tour operators provide tourists
education re traditional local culture/history • Promote local artisans for handicrafts to sell to tourists • Partner foreign tour operators w local tour operators &
businesses • Use reservation system to limit number of tourist visitors per
month
CSO-NGO-government-science partnerships: • Community CSOs provides capacity support for local/national
government (as rangers, field researchers, monitors, local knowledge)
• NGOs (local and foreign) provide expertise to both community CSOs & local/national government
• Scientists work with everyone to ensure environmental health
• CSOs, government, and NGO form Bojo Aloguinsan Ecotourism Association (BAETA)
Co-Management Models for Sustainable Tourism
5
Definitions of Co-Management: • Berkes (1997): “sharing of
power and responsibility between the government and local resource users”
• Alternative terms: Collaborative
management Community
management Multi-stakeholder
management
Jonathan Liljeblad [email protected]
Requirements for Successful Co-Management
6
Successful co-management requires: • Common vision (goals for the environmental resource) • Common willingness to work together (contribute/engage to decisions and policies ) • Common unity (social cohesion) The above requires: • Appropriate government institutions—there must be common understanding about
what government offices have what powers (jurisdiction) the current staff & resources in relevant government offices (capacity)
• Social capital—between all participants there must be Trust Communication
• Legal protection of rights—there must be some body of rules (formal or informal) regarding Environment Business Development Corruption
• Economic incentives for conservation—the local community must be able to have livelihood from participating in environmental conservation
Jonathan Liljeblad [email protected]
Useful Ideas Regarding Co-Management
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You are not alone!
Jonathan Liljeblad [email protected]
There must be • Participation from everyone tied to the natural resource(s) • Participation in
Defining goals for decision-making process Designing decision-making process Doing decision-making process Enforcing decisions Monitoring results Repeat all of the above
