OECD OPEN DATA PROJECT

Barbara-Chiara Ubaldi Project Manager Digital Government Public Sector Reform Division Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development OECD

3rd MEETING OF THE JOINT NETWORK ON FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY OF HEALTH SYSTEMS

• OECD work on OD in governments

• Key trends across OECD

• Assessing impact and measuring value

• Next steps

Content

OECD Open Data Project

Phase 1

• Working Paper “Open Government Data: Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives” with full assessment methodology (analytical framework + data collection) [Dec 2012-May 2013]

Phase 2

• OGD survey : strategy, implementation, value generation, challenges [Apr – Sept 2013]

Phase 3

• Pilot testing in 8 OECD countries : validate methodology, map initiatives, collect practices, impact assessment + MENA and LAC regions [July 2013 – 2014 ongoing]

Now • OGD Country Reviews: Poland and Mexico

OECD OGD PROJECT 2012-14

OGD Report : data analysis and outcome of pilot testing [2014]

• Why Open Government Data?

• From “Right to Information” to “Open Government

Data”

• Differences between PSI, OGD and Big Data?

• Setting the principles : is it really open?

• Enabling and assessing implementation and impact

Overarching issues

• PSI is “information, including information products and services, generated, created, collected, processed, preserved, maintained, disseminated, or funded by or for a government or public institution”

• Open Data in governments - two main elements:

Government data: is any data (highest level of granularity of information and knowledge) produced or commissioned by public bodies.

Open data: are data that can be freely accessed, used, re-used and distributed by anyone, only subject to (at the most) the requirement that users attribute the data and that they make their work available to be shared as well.

• Big Data is a data-driven socio-economic model; as a phenomenon emerged as available datasets produced by various sources have grown larger and data users more aware of the value obtainable through linked and combined data sets produced by different actors, both private and public.

• Data analytics refers to the use of data to spot significant facts and trends to improve policy making and service delivery (public sector intelligence).

Key definitions and components

Open Data: Trends across the OECD

• The “pioneers” (e.g. UK, USA, Spain) • Devising a sustainable financial mechanism (e.g.

Denmark, the Netherlands)

• Establishing the governance framework first (e.g. Germany, Switzerland)

• Quick followers (e.g. France, Canada and Mexico)

Emerging approaches

• Policy challenges

• Technical challenges

• Economic and financial challenges

• Organisational challenges

• Cultural challenges

• Legal challenges

Key dimensions for implementation

Principal Challenges for Further Development of OGD

Initiatives

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Organisationalchallenges

Institutionalchallenges

Funding challenges Policy challenges Technical challenges Context challenges

Per

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Source: Government at a Glance 2013 (forthcoming)

Consulting with the stakeholders

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Per

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ent

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Was the central/federal OGD strategy/policy developed in consultation with stakeholders?

Source: Government at a Glance 2013 (forthcoming)

Top 5 principal objectives of the open data strategy/policy

0%

29%

33%

46%

54%

63%

67%

71%

71%

71%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Create economic value for the public sector

Facilitate citizens' participation in public debate

Enable citizens' engagement in decision-making processes

Improve public sector performance by strengthening accountability foroutputs/outcomes

Deliver public services more effectively and efficiently by enablingdelivery from private sector through data re-use

Deliver public services more effectively and efficiently by improvinginternal operations and collaboration

Facilitate creation of new businesses

Increase transparency

Increase openness

Create economic value for the private sectorMultiple answers allowed

Percentage of respondent countries

Source: OECD Open Data in Governments Survey 2013

Involving the users and knowing the demand

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

a. Yes citizens' informationneeds

b. Yes, businesses' informationneeds

c. Yes, other stakeholders' needs(e.g. non-profit organisations)

d. None of the above applies

Per

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Source: Government at a Glance 2013 (forthcoming)

Does your government regularly consult users on their needs and preferences of the type of data released?

Open Data: Assessing impact and measuring value

• Economic value

• Growth and competitiveness in the wider economy

• Fostering innovation, efficiency and effectiveness in government services (internal and external)

• Social value • Promoting citizens’ self-empowerment, social participation and

engagement

• Public governance value • Improving accountability, transparency, responsiveness and

democratic control

What values are governments expecting?

• Which ecosystem?

– Inside the public sector: support adequate workflows to gather, integrate, validate, release, up-date and promote re-use of data (statistical offices, archives, sector data producers, etc.)

– Outside the public sector: to sustain data re-use (media, private sector, civil society, librarians, developers, community of practitioners, etc.)

• What activity?

• Data mining, data analytics (for policy making and service delivery), crowd-sourcing to support service innovation, social innovation, evidence-based performance, improved financial decisions, data mash-up and data sharing, licensing, standards, hackaton events, metadata.

• Which capacities within the organisation?

• To ensure sustainability and autonomy: data scientist, visualisation expert, statistics and data analytics expert, computing and systems programming skills, policy expert.

Value creation : with whom and how?

• Parts:

– Analytical framework: overarching issues, implementation, impact

– Metrics

• Scope of value/impact assessment: economic, social and good governance

• Objective is to assist governments to:

– Understand, structure and manage OGD impact

– Develop “strategies for government data and information management”.

– Develop Open Data Action Plans in line with G8 Open Data Charter

• Expected results: more effective OD policies and Action Plans, and more sustainable OGD re-use efforts, comparative analysis.

OECD OGD Impact Assessment

Methodology

Where is the closest dentist to me?

How is your hospital performing?

Open Data: What’s next in the analysis?

• Improve understanding and measuring of OGD impact on social innovation, open innovation, service innovation and public value creation

• Tackling pending issues: • Balancing the strive for openness with privacy and security

• Resolving legal conflicts

• Harmonising definitions

• Acquiring adequate skills and capabilities in the public sector

• Avoiding new divides and focus on OD for participatory governance

• Improving understanding of context and data demand

Further analytical work to focus on…

THANK YOU!

For more information:

www.oecd/gov/egov

Barbara.ubaldi@oecd.org