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Zahirul Haque Khan Sarafat Hossain Khan Dr. M. Shah Alam Khan Farhana Akter Kamal Nasim Al Azad Khan Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

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By Zahir-ul Haque Khan, Sarafat Hossain Khan, Dr. M. Shah Alam Khan, Farhana Akter Kamal, Nasim Al Azad Khan Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference 21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/

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Page 1: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Zahir-­‐ul  Haque  Khan  Sarafat  Hossain  Khan  Dr.  M.  Shah  Alam  Khan  Farhana  Akter  Kamal  Nasim  Al  Azad  Khan    

Current  surface  water  resources  of  the  Ganges  coastal  zone  of  Bangladesh  

Page 2: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Map  of  Coastal  Zone  of  Bangladesh  

Coastal Polders

•   PopulaGon  38.35  million  (BBS,2011  census),26%  of  total  populaGon  

•   Total  area  47,201  km2,  946  people/km2  

• 139  polders,  5107  km  embankment  

• 1.2  mill.  Ha,  flood  and  salinity  protected  

Page 3: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

 Study  Area:  

Ganges  Dependent  Area  in  Bangladesh  

Coastal  Divisions:    Barisal:  Patuakhali,  Barguna  Khulna:    Khulna  &  Satkhira  districts  

Project  Target  Area:  Coastal  Zone  of  the  Ganges  basin  in  Bangladesh  except  the  Sundarbans  

Polders:    3  (Satkhira),  30  (Khulna),  43-­‐2F  (Patuakhali)    

Page 4: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Polder-­‐3  High  Salinity  

Polder-­‐30  Medium  Salinity  

Polder-­‐43/2F  Low  Salinity  

Coastal Zone of the Ganges Basin in Bangladesh

Study  Area  

Page 5: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

1. Hisna ~ Matabhanga ~Betna ~ Kholpetua

2. Kobadak ~ Sibsa

3. Bhairab ~ Rupsa ~ Pussur

4. Gorai ~ Nabagonga ~ Atai ~ Rupsa ~ Pussur

6. Gorai ~ Madhumati ~ Baleswar

5. Gorai ~ Rupsa ~ sholmari ~ Sibsa

7. Arial Khan ~ Baleswar

8. Arial Khan ~ Biskhali

9. Arial Khan ~ Buriswar

 River  Network  South-­‐west  region  

Page 6: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Major river systems in Barisal

Padma~ Arial Kha~ Baleswar Bishkhali Tentulia Buriswar Lower Meghna

Barisal division

Page 7: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Tidal  CharacterisGcs  

Hyper  Tide  (>6.0m)  

Tidal  range  >8.0m    

Macro  Tide  (  >4.0m)  

Tidal  range  >4.90m    

Tidal  range  1.90m  

Micro  Tide  (  <2.0m)  

Tidal  range  3.0m    

Meso  Tide  (  2.0~4.0m)  

Page 8: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Moving  Average(Seasonal  VariaGon)  

Hironpoint  

0.75m   0.70m  1.10m   0.70m  

Khepupara  

1.00m   1.10m  

Char  Changa  

0.70m   0.70m  

Rangadia  

Page 9: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Hydrologic  Trend  Analysis  in  the  Study  Area:  

0  

10000  

20000  

30000  

40000  

50000  

60000  

70000  

80000  

90000  

1930   1940   1950   1960   1970   1980   1990   2000   2010  

Discha

rge  (m

3/s)  

Hardinge  Bridge  on  the  Ganges  

Max    Q   Min    Q   Average    Q  Linear  (Max    Q)   Linear  (Min    Q)   Linear  (Average    Q)  

•   Increasing  trend  of  annual  maximum  flow  

•   Decreasing  trend  of  annual  minimum  flow  

Trend  Analysis  of  Upstream  River  Discharge  

Page 10: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Historical  Trans-­‐boundary  Flow  in  the  Ganges    Transboundary  Flow  

Hardinge  bridge  in  dry  season  

Page 11: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Transboundary  Flow  

Month  

Hardinge  Bridge    Average  flow  Year:    

1997-­‐2011  Year:    2012  

Percentage  change  

December   3454   4375   21%  January   2021   2508   19%  February   1475   2093   30%  March   1029   1199   14%  April   989   1188   17%  

•  Monthly  average  Ganges  flow  since  the  GWT  is  14-­‐30%  less  than  the  2012  flow  

Ganges  Water  Treaty:  1996  

Gorai  dredging:  2012  

Page 12: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Historical  Water  Flow  staZsZcs  at  Baruria  (Padma  River)    

Historical  Water  Flow  staZsZcs  at  Chouduri  char  (Arial  Khan  River)    

 Water  Flow  at  Upstream  River  

Water  Flow  in  Meghna  River    

Page 13: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Tidal  Water  Level  Dynamics  at  Downstream  River  Tidal  dynamics  in  Baleswer  River  

Tida

l  ran

ge  =2.2  m  

Tidal  dynamics  in  Tentulia  River  

Tida

l  ran

ge  =2.1  m  

Page 14: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Available Salinity stations at Barisal division

Salient features: 1.  There are 11

salinity stations.

2.  Salinity data are available on Meghna, Tentulia, Burisuar, Bishkhali and Baleswar river

Page 15: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Salinity  variaZon  and  Flow  availability  :  Polder  43/2F    

Rabi  (Boro)            Kharif-­‐2  (T.  Aman)                        Kharif-­‐1  (Aus)    

2  PPT  

Salinity  and  Available  flow  in  Payra  River  

Water  available  for  irrigaGon  

Page 16: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Salinity  variaZon  and  Flow  availability  :  Polder  30    

Rabi  (Boro)            Kharif-­‐2(T.  Aman)                    Kharif-­‐1(Aus)    

2  PPT  

Salinity  and  Available  flow  in  Kazibacha  River  

Water  available  for  irrigaGon  

Page 17: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Salinity  variaZon  :  Polder  03    

2  PPT  

Rabi  (Boro)          Kharif-­‐2  (T.  Aman)                    Kharif-­‐1(Aus)  

Salinity  in  IchamoG  River  

Plenty  of  water  available  but  cannot  be  used  for  irrigaGon  due  to  high  salinity  

Page 18: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Polder-­‐3:  Water  Management  (Drainage  and  Flushing)  

Page 19: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

q  Land  use  has  changed  over  the  years    q  Shrimp  culture  has  been  introduced  q  Huge  number  (133  pipes  and  27  private  regulators)  

of  informal  structures  have  been  built  for  flushing  brackish  water  into  the  polder  

q  Present  drainage  system  needs  to  be  revisited  to  meet  the  demand  of  flushing  brackish  water  

q  18  new  formal  structures    and  improved  canal  system  can  meet  the  demand  of  flushing  brackish  water  

Benefits:  q  If  properly  managed,  brackish  

water  can  be  considered  as  a  resource,  can  be  used  for  high-­‐income  aquaculture  without  jeopardizing  ‘aman’  rice  

q  Opportunity  for  crop  diversificaGon  

Polder-­‐3:  Water  Management  (Drainage  and  Flushing)  

Page 20: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

SpaZal  and  Seasonal  VariaZon  of  Salinity  in  the  Coastal  Ganges  in  Bangladesh  

Gorai  Flow  

Khulna  

Salinity  Flow  

Monthly  Salinity  variaZon  with  upstream  freshwater  flow  

May,  2012   Base  Year:  2012  

KHULNA  

BARISAL  

Page 21: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

Level  (mPWD)   Area  below  %      

0.60   15  1.00   61  1.20   80  1.60   95  1.80   98  2.00   99  

Digital  ElevaZon  Model    

Average  water  level  1.0  m  

Lower-­‐Shalta  river  

0   20   40   60   80   100  

0  

0.5  

1  

1.5  

2  

2.5  

3  

3.5  

4  

0   10   20   30   40   50   60  

Area  (Percent)  

Land

 level  (mPW

D)  

Area  (sqkm)  

Area-­‐ElevaGon  curve  

Polder-­‐30:  Opportunity  for  Gravity  Drainage  

Average  water  level  1.3  m  

Kazibacha  river  

Maximum  water  level  2.4  m  

Minimum  water  level  0.0  m  

Page 22: Current surface water resources of the Ganges coastal zone of Bangladesh

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