Sep 2014 Composition analysis of biomass for biofuels Introducon • Composion of biomass feedstocks is highly variable. • High throughput and accurate characterizaon of biomass feedstocks is a necessity for any biomass-to-biofuels conversion program as it enables evaluaon of conversion yields and process economics • Biomass mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash. Biomass carbohydrate content is of prime importance because it is directly proporonal to ethanol yield. • Fibretherm uses filtraon method to determine crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF). It opmizes the digeson of the samples and speeds up the washing and filtraon processes. Hence, more number of samples can be handled in a relavely short me. • Calorific value (CV) is the amount of heat produced by the complete combuson of a material and is expressed in Kcal/Kg. Higher the calorific value of the biomass the beer is it’s suitability for power generaon. Methodology • Moisture (%): 1 g of dry biomass sample is taken and moisture percentage is calculated using moisture balance. • NDF (%): 1 g of moisture free sample is taken and placed in a fibrebag along with the spacer with NDF soluon in fibretherm. NDF treated sample is washed, dried overnight and weights taken. • ADF (%): The dried sample is run with ADF soluon. ADF treated sample is washed, dried overnight and weights taken. • Acid detergent lignin (ADL) (%): The dried samples are transferred to Gooch crucibles and treated with 72% H 2 SO 4 for 3 hours. The crucibles are washed, dried overnight and weights taken. • Ash (%): The crucibles are placed in muffle furnace at 500°C for 4 hours and weights taken aﬅer cooling. • CV (Kcal/Kg): Sample is weighed and placed in a heavy duty stainless steel cylinder referred as “Bomb” which is sealed with oxygen and the sample is ignited electrically. The complete oxidaon of the compound releases heat and is measured through the temperature rise of the water by a sensor, which is used to calculate calorific value. Formulae • NDF = ((Dry weight of sample aﬅer treatment- Ash) / Inial weight of the sample) * 100 • ADF = ((Dry weight of sample aﬅer treatment- Ash) / Inial weight of the sample) * 100 • ADL = ((Dry weight of sample aﬅer 72% H 2 SO 4 treatment- Ash) / Inial weight of the sample) * 100 • Hemicellulose = ((NDF – ADF) / weight of sample) *100 • Cellulose = ((ADF – ADL) / weight of sample)*100 • Silica = ((weight of crucible aﬅer ignion - weight of empty crucible)/ weight of sample)*100 • CV = TxW-(CVT+CVW)/M • Where T: rise in temperature (°C); W: water equivalent (Cal/°C); CVT: CV of thread; CVw : CV of ignion wire; M: mass of sample (g) Results • Composion analysis of different types of sorghum Conclusions • The range of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin among sorghum types is high. • High calorific value feedstocks are preferable for bio-power projects. Fibretherm apparatus Digital Bomb Calorimeter For further informaon please contact: Dr P. Srinivasa Rao, Senior Scienst, Research Program – Dryland Cereals. Email: [email protected] This work is being undertaken as part of the Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Ash Moisture ICSV 93046 ICSV 25333 Kansas Collier - bmr 6 SSG 59-3 CO 19 RTx 430 - bmr 12 ICSSH 71 ICSSH 28 DBT

Composition analysis of biomass for biofuels

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Page 1: Composition analysis of biomass for biofuels

Sep 2014

Composition analysis of biomass for biofuelsIntroduction• Compositionofbiomassfeedstocksishighlyvariable.

• Highthroughputandaccuratecharacterizationofbiomassfeedstocksisanecessityforanybiomass-to-biofuelsconversionprogramasitenablesevaluationofconversionyieldsandprocesseconomics

• Biomassmainlyconsistsofcellulose,hemicellulose,ligninandash.Biomasscarbohydratecontentisofprimeimportancebecauseitisdirectlyproportionaltoethanolyield.

• Fibrethermusesfiltrationmethodtodeterminecrudefibre,neutraldetergentfibre(NDF)andaciddetergentfibre(ADF).Itoptimizesthedigestionofthesamplesandspeedsupthewashingandfiltrationprocesses.Hence,morenumberofsamplescanbehandledinarelativelyshorttime.

• Calorificvalue(CV)istheamountofheatproducedbythecompletecombustionofamaterialandisexpressedinKcal/Kg.Higherthecalorificvalueofthebiomassthebetterisit’ssuitabilityforpowergeneration.

Methodology• Moisture(%):1gofdrybiomasssampleistakenandmoisture

percentageiscalculatedusingmoisturebalance.

• NDF(%):1gofmoisturefreesampleistakenandplacedinafibrebagalongwiththespacerwithNDFsolutioninfibretherm.NDFtreatedsampleiswashed,driedovernightandweightstaken.

• ADF(%):ThedriedsampleisrunwithADFsolution.ADFtreatedsampleiswashed,driedovernightandweightstaken.

• Aciddetergentlignin(ADL)(%):ThedriedsamplesaretransferredtoGoochcruciblesandtreatedwith72%H

2SO

4for3hours.The

cruciblesarewashed,driedovernightandweightstaken.

• Ash(%):Thecruciblesareplacedinmufflefurnaceat500°Cfor4hoursandweightstakenaftercooling.

• CV(Kcal/Kg):Sampleisweighedandplacedinaheavydutystainlesssteelcylinderreferredas“Bomb”whichissealedwithoxygenandthesampleisignitedelectrically.Thecompleteoxidationofthecompoundreleasesheatandismeasuredthroughthetemperatureriseofthewaterbyasensor,whichisusedtocalculatecalorificvalue.

Formulae• NDF=((Dryweightofsampleaftertreatment-Ash)/Initialweight

ofthesample)*100

• ADF=((Dryweightofsampleaftertreatment-Ash)/Initialweightofthesample)*100

• ADL=((Dryweightofsampleafter72%H2SO

4treatment-Ash)/

Initialweightofthesample)*100

• Hemicellulose=((NDF–ADF)/weightofsample)*100

• Cellulose=((ADF–ADL)/weightofsample)*100

• Silica=((weightofcrucibleafterignition-weightofemptycrucible)/weightofsample)*100

• CV=TxW-(CVT+CVW)/M

• WhereT:riseintemperature(°C);W:waterequivalent(Cal/°C);CVT:CVofthread;CVw:CVofignitionwire;M:massofsample(g)

Results• Compositionanalysisofdifferenttypesofsorghum