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British Political System
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BRITISH POLITICS
Constituonal Monarchy
The Queen
General elections
Voting is not compulsory
Palace of Westminster
Judiciary–executive–legislature
British Parliament
Bicameral, Two houses of Chambers
House of Commons
- Members of Parlimants
- Election- 651 seats- Chairman- New laws
House of Lords
Inheritance
Life peers
Presided over by the Lord Chancellor
746 members
Political Parties
English civil wars
Royalists and Parliamentarians - Tories and Whigs
Multi-party system
«Big 3»
In 1920s, Conservative & Labour Party
Before, Liberal Democrat Party & Conservative Party
The Conservative Party (Tories)
Wealthier people
Winston Churchill
Margeret Thatcher’s tenure – economic liberalisation
Eurosceptic
David Cameron
The Centre-Right party
Major party in the Coalition Government
Patriotic party
Origins
18th-century
William Pitt the Younger
The Independent Whigs / Friends of Mr Pitt / Pittites
Tory – political grouping – no organisational continuity
1834 - Sir Robert Peel - Tamworth Manifesto
Policies
- Against the adoption of euro
- repair the Military Covenant
- strengthen the ties between the armed forces and government
- increase the number of people in the workforce
- English Baccalaureate - measures the percentage of students in a school who achieve grades A*-C
Labour Party
in 1900
centre-left
Social democracy
1997 – 2010 - Tony Blair and Gordon Brown
Origins
19th century
Keir Hardie - one of the Labour Party's founders and its first leader
1924 - Ramsay MacDonald - first ever Labour Prime Minister / the first Labour government
1929 – Second MacDonald government
1945 – Clement Atlee government
1964 – Harold Wilson government
1974 – James Callaghan
Wilderness Years
1997 – New Labour – Tony Blair & Gordon Brown
Liberal Democrats
3 March 1988
Nick Clegg
radical centre
Liberalism
Social liberalism
Federalism
Pro-Europeanism
Policies
Minimum wage set at same level for all workers
Replace council tax with local income tax
Replace national curriculum with «minimum curriculum entitlement»
More freedom for school management
"strong and positive" commitment to Europe
UKIP - UK Independence Party
3 September 1993
Nigel Farage
Euroscepticism
Right-wing populism
Origins
Alan Sked
Against the Maastricht Treaty
single European currency, the euro
Policies
“£120 billion black hole” in these spending plans
leaving the European Union
simple free trade agreement - Commonwealth Free Trade Area
The Cabinet
Prime Minister appoint his Government
A selection of Members of Parliament
Team
Responsible to Parliament
Prime Minister
David Cameron
head of the UK government
the policy and decisions of the government
Responsibilities
oversees the operation of the Civil Service and government agencies
appoints members of the government
is the principal government figure in the House of Commons
Deputy Prime Minister
Nick Clegg
supporting the Prime Minister on the full range of government policy and initiatives
Responsibilities
implementing the government’s strategy to increase social mobility
overseeing the government’s drive to rebalance the economy
leading the government’s political and constitutional reform agenda
chairing the Home Affairs Committee, co-chairing the Coalition Committee and deputy-chairing the National Security Council
building strategic relationships in Europe and across the world
Chancellor of the Exchequer
George Osborne
government’s chief financial minister
raising revenue through taxation or borrowing and for controlling public spending
the work of the Treasury
Responsibilities
fiscal policy (including the presenting of the annual Budget)
monetary policy, setting inflation targets
ministerial arrangements (in his role as Second Lord of the Treasury)
Home Secretary
Theresa May
all Home Office business
Responsibilities
security and terrorism
legislative programme
expenditure issues
Foreign Secretary
Philip Hammond
Responsibilities
the work of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office
policy strategy, honours, Whitehall liaison and cyber-security
Business Secretary
Dr. Vince Cable
Strategy and policy across the Department for Bussiness, Innovation, Skills (BIS)
Responsibilities•overall responsibility for the department, strategy and all policies•overall responsibility for the BIS budget•President of the Board of Trade•lead Cabinet minister for reducing regulatory burdens across government
Communities Secretary
Eric Pickles
Overall strategic direction of the Department for Communities and Local Government(DCLG)
Responsibilities
supporting local government
communities and neighbourhoods
local economic growth
housing
planning and building
fire
Culture Secretary
Sajid Javid
strategy and policy across the Department for Culture, Media and Sport
Responsibilities
arts and culture
broadcasting
creative industries
cultural property, heritage and the historic environment
gambling and racing
libraries
media ownership and mergers
museums and galleries
the National Lottery
sport
telecommunications and online
tourism
Defence Secretary
Michael Fallon
the business of the department providing strategic direction on policy, operations, acquisition and personnel matters
Responsibilities
operational strategy, including as a member of the National Security Council
defence planning, programme and resource allocation
international relations including lead for US, France and Saudi Arabia
defence exports policy, including as chair of the cross-Government Exports Working Group
nuclear programme
communications
Education Secretary
Nicky Morgan
the work of the Department for Education
Responsibilities
early years
adoption and child protection
teachers’ pay
the school curriculum
school improvement
the establishment of academies and free schools
Energy and Climate Secretary
Edward Davey
the business of the Department of Energy & Climate Change and its policies
Responsibilities
department strategy and budgets
energy market reform
carbon price
Annual Energy Statement
energy security
National Security Council
Carbon Plan
Renewable Energy Strategy
2050 Pathways
Environment Secretary
Elizabeth Truss
the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Responsibilities
EU and international relations
emergencies
Common Agricultural Policy reform
biodiversity
Health Secretary
Jeremy Hunt
the work of the Department of Health (DH).
Responsibilities
compassionate care
transparency
dementia
technology
better care
International Development Secretary
Justine Greening
Responsibilities
leads the DFID ministerial team and sets the overall strategy and direction of the department
sets the overall strategy and direction of the department
Justice Secretary
Chris Grayling
making improvements to the criminal justice and prison system so that it better serves the public
Responsibilities
the resourcing of his department
overall strategy on criminal justice, penal policy, human rights and rehabilitation
other functions of the Lord Chancellor
EU and international
Leader of the Commons
William Hague
Responsibilities
government business in the House of Commons and works closely with the government’s Chief Whip
Treasury Secretary
Danny Alexander
Responsibilities
spending reviews and strategic planning
in-year spending control
public sector pay and pensions
Annually Managed Expenditure (AME) and welfare reform
efficiency and value for money in public service
procurement
capital investment
Transport Secretary
Patrick McLoughlin
the policies of the Department for Transport
Responsibilities
transport strategy, including economic growth and climate change
spending review
transport security
high speed rail
Work & Pensions Secretary
Iain Duncan Smith
the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP)
Responsibilities
the administration of the state pension and working age benefits system;
people of working age
employers
pensioners
families and children
disabled people
Northern Ireland Secretary
Theresa Villiers
the policies of the Northern Ireland Office
Responsibilities
overseeing the Northern Ireland devolution settlement
representing Northern Ireland interests at UK government level and UK government interests in Northern Ireland
national security
human rights, elections
legacy issues (including current ongoing public inquiries)
Scottish Secretary
Alistair Carmichael
promote and protect the devolution settlement
Responsibilities
promoting partnership between the UK government and the Scottish government
Promoting relations between the 2 Parliaments
Welsh Secretary
Stephen Crabb
the overall strategic direction of the Wales Office
Responsibilities
Welsh Government and National Assembly for Wales Liaison
Constitution, including the Government of Wales Act
Silk Commission
Economy
Infrastructure
Business
Inward investment
Welfare
Public appointments
Foreign affairs, including the EU
Royal matters
Significant Characters
Winston Churchill
Early Years
Oxford on November 30, 1874
1870 – 1880 Lord Randolph Churchill well-known figure in Tory politics
Jennie Jerome American heiress
Military school at Sandhurst
26-year-old Churchill had published five books
joined the House of Commons as a Conservative
4 years later, Liberal
Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953 for his six-volume history of World War II
Legacy
progressive social reforms eight-hour workday
a government-mandated minimum wage
a state-run labor exchange for unemployed workers and a system of public health insurance
the First Lord of the Admiralty to prepare Great Britain for war:
established the Royal Naval Air Service
modernized the British fleet
invented one of the earliest tanks
Quotes
“I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat,”
Churchill told the House of Commons in his first speech as prime minister
“We have always found the Irish a bit odd. They refuse to be English” – Diversity
“ Play the game for more than you can afford to lose... Only then will you learn the game” – Risk
Margaret Thatcher - only woman prime minister
Early Years
on October 13, 1925, in Grantham, a small town in Lincolnshire, England
Alfred and Beatrice, were middle-class shopkeepers and devout Methodists
Alfred was also a politician, serving as a town council member
Chemistry at Oxford University
joined the Oxford Union Conservative Association
research chemist, her real interest was politics
Legacy
Thatcherism : strong state and a free economy
free markets, free trade, competition, low tax and a small state left an enduring stamp on Britain and the world
Quotes
«In politics, if you want something said, ask a man. If you want something done, ask a woman.» - 1965 Speech to national union of townswomen’s guilds conference
«Liberty is fundamental»
«The problem with socialism is that you eventually run out of other people’s money»
«Being powerful is like being a lady. If you have to tell people you are, you aren’t
«Don’t follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you
Tony Blair - Labour Party
Early Years
Edinburgh, Scotland, on 6 May 1953
Leo Blair - famous attorney who ran for the parliament
as a Tory in 1963
Hazel Blair
Oxford, to study Law
graduation in 1975 - ‘Lincoln's Inn’ - as an apprentice under Lord Chancellor, Alexander Irvine.
Legacy
Raised the taxes
Announced minimum wages
Implemented new employment rights,
Introduced new rights for the homosexuals
Signed several treatises in his pursuit to unify Britain with the European Union
introduced innumerable reforms in health and educational sectors
revoked many categories of welfare payments
implemented stringent anti-terrorism measures
passed legislation regarding the issuance of identity cards to the citizens
vested the police force with more power which increased the number of punishable offences and he also made DNA recording mandatory
reduce the level of poverty and increase the number of social services in Britain
‘A Journey’ ; one of the fastest-selling autobiographies of all times
Quotes
«A simple way to take measure of a country is to look at how many want in.. And how many want out»
«Sometimes it is better to lose and do the right thing than to win and do the wrong thing»
«You only require two things in life : Your sanity and your wife»
«The art of leadership is saying no, not yes. It is very easy to say yes»
«Teachers affect eternity; no one knows where their influence stops»
«When Europe and America stand together the world is a better and more prosperous place
«I didn’t come into politics to change the Labour Party. I came into politics to change the country
Oliver Cromwell – most controversial figure
in Huntingdon on 25 April 1599
Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth Steward – gentry class
Sir Henry Williams - paternal grandfather - one of the two wealthiest landowners in Huntingdonshire
at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge - left in June 1617 without taking a degree
a regicidal dictator by historians such as David Hume
a military dictator by Winston Churchill
a hero of liberty by Thomas Carlyle and Samuel Rawson Gardiner
a class revolutionary by Leon Trotsky
Legacy
Remodelled army
Battle of Naseby and Langport
Irish campaign
1649 - Establishment of the Commonwealth
Quotes
«He who stops being better stops being good»
«Put your trust in God; but be sure to keep your powder dry»
«Nature can do more than physicians»
«The best way to make your audience laugh is to start laughing yourself»
«Necessity has no law»
Guy Fawkes
Early Years
in 1570 in Stonegate, York
regular communicants of the Church of England
Catholic education
Soldier
Legacy
5 November - day of thanksgiving for "the joyful day of deliverance
Guy Fawkes Night
Guy - oddly dressed person
The Boyhood Days of Guy Fawkes
The Conspirators of Old London
V for Vendetta
"the last man to enter Parliament with honest intentions"
Quotes
«A desperate disease requires a dangerous remedy»
«... to blow you Scotch beggars back to your native mountains»
Princess Diana
Early Years
on 1 July 1961, in Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk
Spencer - Royal Family
8 years old – Her parents divorced
West Heath Girls' School
professional ballerina with the Royal Ballet
Legacy
«world's most photographed woman»
Biography by Tina Brown - restless and demanding ... obsessed with her public image
Princess of Wales Visual Arts Centre - OCAD University in Toronto, Canada
Quotes
«Everyone of us needs to show how much we care for each other and, in the process, care for ourselves»
«There were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded»
«I don’t go by the rule book. I lead from the heart, not the head»
Scottish Independence
David Cameron & Ed Miliband - http://www.theguardian.com/politics/video/2014/sep/09/david-cameron-ed-miliband-scottish-independence-video
Nigel Farage - http://www.theguardian.com/politics/video/2014/sep/19/ukip-nigel-farage-england-scottish-independence-video
Nick Clegg - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2784972/Britain-meaner-weaker-poorer-place-without-Clegg-claims-launches-fightback-save-Lib-Dems-extinction.html#v-3827476343001
David Cameron and Ed Miliband implore the Scottish people to vote against independence in referendum
Stronger together - David Cameron, Ed Miliband, Nick Clegg
Nigel Farage: England has been ignored in the debate over Scottish independence
England has become the poor cousin
Last minute panic
Questions
What Scotland’s «No» vote means for David Cameron?
Do you think that the method of Miliband is a good idead about flying the Scottish flag as a sign of solidarity?
Which speech is more persuasive according to you? Why?
Speech
David Cameron:
Slowly – clear- emotional
( I really care.... I do the best.... Its better.... The best way... Better together)
Ed Millaband
Confident – slowly - positively
We can win... We believe.... Please... We are better together
Nigel Farage
Fast – mordaciously – nakedly - negatively
İn behalf of Scotland, against the government, We need to... England needs...
Nick Clegg
Fast – realistic - confident
Adjectives ( remarkable, wonderful, different), care about..., dangerance, risks
Debate
http://www.theguardian.com/politics/video/2010/apr/15/leaders-debate-manchester
Gordon Brown – Labour Party
David Cameron – Conservative Party
Nick Clegg – Liberal Democrat Party
Questions
How do they defend their opinion?
How do they try to refute the opposite arguement?
What kind of clues could these give us about British society?
Answers
- The modarator let them speak
- answer questions of each other
- explain their opinion to the audience
gently, realistic, freely, formal, respectfully
- They listen carefully
- approach posititively
- sharing their real ideas
- «be honest»
- sarcastic reactions
- making jokes
-respectful
Ümmügülsüm GÖKŞENLİ
Kocaeli University
ELT Department