Upload
sunoto-mes
View
61
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Sustainable marine and fisheries development policy frameworks: 1) implementing good ocean governance: integrated sea use management and ecosystem-based management, 2) developing blue economy zone: integrated land and ocean-based development such as ICZM, and 3) blue economy model investment.
Citation preview
BLUE ECONOMY: PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE MARINE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
(A policy framework)
SUNOTO, MES, PHD Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
Republic of Indonesia
The Third APEC Blue Economy Forum Xiamen, August 25th, 2014
CRITICAL ISSUES • Oceans cover more than 70% of the earth’s surface with abundant natural
resources that economically provide billion of people with food and livelihoods, including energy and services, such as transportaSon and tourism.
• Oceans consStute 99% of the living space on earth and about 97% of waters on earth is in the oceans.
• Ocean-‐based fisheries produce about 94.6 million ton in 2011 dominated by 5 top producers: China, Peru, Indonesia, USA, and India (most populated countries).
• Approximately 85% of fish stocks are fully exploited and about 32% of the stocks are esSmated overexploited and depleted.
• Aquaculture will play an important role in the future in providing sources of food to meet demand that has significantly increased in the past few decades with the producSon of 83.73 million ton (mariculture and fresh water aquaculture) as global populaSon will increase from about 6.8 billion people to 9 billion by 2050.
• Ecologically oceans play an important role in producing oxygen, absorbing CO2, and maintaining marine biological diversity and ecosystem producSvity.
• Unfortunately, the degradaSon of marine resources caused by irresponsible land-‐based and ocean economic pracSces have been worst caused by global warming and climate change.
• Integrated sea use management is needed and internaSonal cooperaSon is required to promote sustainable ocean management.
MARINE AND FISHERIES POTENTIAL 1. Indonesia is an archipelagic country with abundance of marine and fishery
resources. However, the contribuSon of marine and fisheries sector to the economy is relaSvely sSll small.
2. MARINE RESOURCES: • Number of Islands: 17,508 Islands • Coastline: 104,000 km • Marine area: 5.8 million km2
• Industry: 80% of industries and 75% of major ciSes are located in the coastal area
• Capture fisheries: the 6.5 million tones of fish per year • Mariculture potenSal: more than 12 million ha • Oil & gas: oil & gas Indonesia Basin from 60 spots, 70% are in the ocean • Petroleum reserves of 9.1 billion barrels at sea • Tourism: most of the tourist acracSons linked to the sea
3. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS: RISKS – Environmental DestrucKon and PolluKon – Global Warming and Climate Change 3
POLITICAL WILL AND COMMITTMENT
• For Indonesia ocean is very important economically and ecologically since the fact that two thirds (2/3) of the territory is ocean with 17,508 islands and coastal lines of 104,000 km.
• The fourth most populated country with more than 200 million people: mostly live in the coastal area, the area that is ecologically vulnerable.
• Ocean-‐based economy and ocean-‐related acSviSes have been growing and tend to conSnue to develop in the incoming decades.
• Understanding the importance of the oceans and coasts, Indonesia has been commiced to improving ocean and coastal management by establishing sustainable marine and fisheries development policy based on the principles of Blue Economy.
NEW INITIATIVE
• In order to achieve sustainable marine and fisheries development, Indonesia has iniSated new approaches to managing the ocean and coastal through promoSng good ocean governance and blue economy models investment.
• Good ocean governance is required to provide appropriate policy frameworks in managing ocean-‐based economy and ocean-‐related acSviSes with the principles of sustainability, accountability, integraSon, empowerment, growth with equity, and jusSce.
• Whilst Blue Economy Model Investment is needed to promote environmentally friendly investment and businesses, supported by public investment on infrastructure and appropriate policies.
OBJECTIVES
1. Promote Good Ocean Governance, as the guiding principle of policies at all levels of authoriSes: naSonal, provincial, and district governments
2. Develop NaKonal Ocean Policy Frameworks, as the guidelines of policy implementaSon in achieving sustainable marine and fisheries development
3. Promote Blue Economy Model Investment and Businesses, as a means of achieving environmentally friendly investment and business pracSces.
GOOD OCEAN GOVERNANCE: GUIDING PRINCIPLES
• Principles: sustainability, consistency, integraSon, law enforcement, partnership, equity, public parScipaSon, transparency, decentralizaSon, accountability, and jusSce .
• Approaches: integrated sea use management and ecosystem-‐based management for healthy and producSve ocean
• Legal aspects: 1) Coastal and Small Island Management Act 27 of 2007 that was recently amended as Act 1 of 2014, and 2) Ocean Act that has been ready for approval by the Parliament and expected to be effecSve by this year.
OCEAN POLICY FRAMEWORK
1. IMPLEMENTING INTEGRATED SEA USE MANAGEMENT: spaSal marine planning, managing ocean space, natural resources and ocean-‐related acSviSes and services that include fisheries, sea transportaSon, mineral and energy, marine-‐based industry, and tourism
2. DEVELOPING BLUE ECONOMY ZONE: integrated land-‐based and ocean-‐based development through applying ecosystem-‐based management, such as integrated coastal zone management —pilot projects: Lombok Island (in collaboraSon with FAO) and Nusa Penida, Bali
3. PROMOTING BLUE ECONOMY MODELS INVESTMENT AND
BUSINESSES: environmentally friendly investment based on the principles of nature’s efficient, leave nothing to waste, and social inclusiveness
INTEGRATED SEA USE MANAGEMENT ACT 27/2007 jo ACT 1/2014 and OCEAN ACT
• SEA SEA USE
MANAGEMENT SEA USE
PLANNING MARINE SPATIAL
PLANNING
OCEAN ZONING MAPS AND REGULATIONS
COMPREHENSIVE MARINE
SPATIAL PLAN
OTHER MANAGEMENT MEASURES
PERMITS AND OTHER MANAGEMENT MEASURES
SEA USE MANAGEMENT PLAN ICZM
SOURCE: DOUVERE AND EHLER (2008) MODIFIED
MACRO-‐POLICY PRINCIPLES
1. BALANCING ECONONOMIC GROWTH AND EQUITY
2. NATURE’S EFFICIENCY 3. LEAVE NOTHING TO WASTE: ZERO WASTE 4. SOCIAL CAPITAL AND SOCIAL INCLUSIVENESS 5. GENERATING MULTIPLE REVENUE/INCOME 6. CREATING JOB OPPORTUNITY 7. DEVELOPING INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE
BUSINESSES AND INVESTMENT 8. IMPROVING BUSINESS CONNECTIVITY
STRATEGY 1: DEVELOPING INTEGRATED NATIONAL POLICY
(MACRO POLICY) • IntegraKng NaKonal Ocean Policy (OCEAN ACT):
marine transportaSon, mariSme industry, energy and minerals, marine construcSon, marine services, tourism, coastal and small islands management, and fisheries,
• Developing a Policy Framework based on Blue Economy Principles: especially coastal and small islands management, fisheries, and other related sectors
• Establishing a NaKonal Master Plan on Sustainable Marine and Fisheries Development.
STRATEGY 2: DEVELOPING BLUE ECONOMY ZONES
AND INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT (ICM) Principles: Integra0ng Environment, Economy, Social, Culture,
and Recrea0onal Ac0vi0es • Developing integrated economic zones based on
the principles of sustainability, nature’s efficiency, zero waste, and social inclusiveness,
• Developing integrated management of small islands, coastal, and conservaSon areas as a model of archipelagic state economic development,
• Applying integrated spaSal planning to promote sustainable development
• Social and cultural capacity building
STRATEGY 3: PROMOTING BLUE ECONOMY MODELS
INVESTMENT AND BUSINESSES • Exploring innovaSve and creaSve business and investment opportuniSes,
• Establishing strategic policies to promote blue economy models of businesses and investment,
• PromoSng integrated mulSple businesses with mulSple products, services, revenues, and job opportuniSes,
• Strengthening public-‐private partnership.
STRATEGY 4: DEVELOPING BUSINESS CONNECTIVITY AND
INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE • Strengthening naSonal and internaSonal
business networks and empowering community-‐based businesses,
• Government, businesses, and community partnership (public-‐private partnership),
• Developing infrastructure: transportaSon, energy, water supply, irrigaSon and telecommunicaSons.
STRATEGY 5: DEVELOPING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND
HUMAN RESOURCES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: • Developing science and technology to promote innovaSve
and creaSve economic acSviSes • Developing partnerships: research insStuSons, universiSes,
and industries HUMAN RESOURCES : • Developing educaSon and training to improve human
resources capacity • Developing extension systems to promote innovaSve and
creaSve busines development for local communiSes.
STRATEGY 6: STRENGTHENING INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
• NaSonal and regional efforts that contribute to meeSng global goals and targets in achieving sustainable ocean management,
• Ocean-‐based economic development, food security, and trade,
• Environmental ProtecSon: marine conservaSon (marine biodiversity conservaSon-‐marine protected areas and endangered species),
• InformaSon sharing, science, research, technology, and human resources,
• MiSgaSon and adaptaSon of climate change • IUU Fishing
BLUE ECONOMY ZONE NUSA PENIDA ISLAND, BALI
Luas Masing-masing Zona 1. Perairan Zona Inti : 120,29 Ha Zona Wisata Bahari Khusus : 905.24 Ha Zona Wisata Bahari : 1.221,28 Ha Zona Budidaya Rumput Laut : 464,25 Ha Zona Suci : 46,71 Ha Zona Pelabuhan : 35,15 Ha 2. Darat Zona BIo Gas : 19,63 Ha
Zona Vaname Pond : 102,69 Ha Zona Farming : 618,72Ha Zona Marine Industri : 40,23 Ha Zona Desalinasi : 51,05 Ha Zona Home Industry : 102,09 Ha Zona Hutan Lindung : 2655,70 Ha Zona Wisata : * Hotel And Tourism : 2.759,45 Ha * Wisata Kuliner : 2,46 Ha
MMAF
Sea weed Potency 464,46 Ha Utilized 308 Ha Production 103.204 Ton
Ocean energy Toyapakeh Strait 1. speed 0,5 – 3,2 m/s 2. 1 turbine 40 m2 = 400 kw 3. energy 100 turbinee = 40 Mw
Mangrove, animal feed and textile production Mangrove Forest area of 230, 07 Ha There are 13 species of Mangrove and 7 types of plant associations 5 species of water birds and 25 species of land birds
Shrimp (Vanname), Chitin and Chitosan production (Total area of 102 Ha)
Slaughterhouse, Maggot, Animal Feed, and and Biogas: Cow, Goat, and Pig
NUSA PENIDA : INTEGRATED REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON BLUE ECONOMY BUSSINESS MODEL
Farms and meat production 1. Cows : 23.946/year 2. Goats :143/year 3. Pigs: 13.786/year 4. Total: 37.875/year
Wind energy at Mundi Hills: 1. speed 3 – 12 m/s 2. capacity 9 unit. 3. Power 740 kw equal with
225.000 liter gasoline =225.000xRp4.500 = Rp 1.012.500.000,00
Beaches and TOURISM (Diving) 1. Tanjung Sanghyang 2. Jungut Batu 3. Ceningan 4. Batununggul 5. Toyopakeh 6. Teluk Penida 7. Pasir Hug 8. Atuh 9. Suana
MMAF
BLUE ECONOMY ZONE: EAST LOMBOK
PEARL Potency: 3.433,65Ha ExisKng area : 1.628,15 Ha Total Product : 0,20 tons (2009)
SEAWEED Potency: 2000 Ha ExisKng area: 526,18 Ha Total Product: 118,975 tons (2009)
GROUPER Potency: 509,40 Ha ExisKng area : 9 Ha Total Product : 12,60 tons (2009)
LOBSTER Potency: 525,68 Ha ExisKng area : 28,55 Ha Total of Product : 146 tons (2009)
SALT Potency: 2.183,13 Ha ExisKng area: 205 Ha Total Product: 9.106,38 tons (2012)
ProducSve salt pond : 205 Ha PotenSal salt pond : 2.183,13 Ha Forest Area
DIREKTORAT TATA RUANG LAUT PESISIR DAN PULAU-‐PULAU KECIL MMAF
TOURISM Potency: Coral reef, pink sand ExisKng area : 1 hour from Lombok internaKonal airport
Farming Zone
Forest area, Central park Techno Park Industry & Energy Marine Industry Housing
Tourism, Culinary
Salt EvaporaKon Pond
Lobster Grouper Seaweed Grouper, Lobster, Pampus Argentus Ecotourism Pearl Loligo spp
LEGEND : Plan of Main Road
Planning area boundary
INTEGRATED BLUE ECONOMY ZONE: EAST LOMBOK
MMAF
M
Nursery Ground Shrimp
Nature
Shrimp
Mangrove
Leafs
Animal: Goats
Waste
FerKlizer
Policulture: Milk Fish
and sea weed
Fresh Fish
Silvofishery
Integrated Fish and Rice Field
Fish Rice
High Quality rice Waste
Animal Feed
Policulture of Shrimp &Sea weed
Shrimp
Fresh Shrimp
Sea weed
Dried Sea weed
Foods, Pharmacy, texKle, and others
Animal Feed
Restaurants and
consummers
Waste
INTERGRATED AQUACULTURE (BLUE ECONOMY MODEL INVESTMENT)
Eco Tourism
Duck farming MMAF
MARINE RESOURCES
FRESH FISH BM = 5% Kapasitas
8.028.800 ton
Gracilaria sp Gelidium sp Prod: 28.500T Eucheuma sp Prod: 10.500T Eucheuma cof Prod: 93.500T
Sargasum sp Turbinaria sp
SEA WEED BM = 5%
Fish Meat
Lever
Fins
Head
Silase
Skin
Bone
Canned Fish* BM = 10%
Kap: 415.000T Frozen Fish BM = 15%
Kap: 1.541.729T Fish mill BM = 5%
Kap: 176.245T Fish Oil BM = 5% Kap: Food
Fish Mill BM = 0%
Kap: 176.245T Animal Feed Material for Acessories GelaKn
Art
Kitchen Oil
Pharmacy
Animal Feed
Acessories
Pharmacy Emulsifier
ArKficial Teeth Shampoo
Soap Pharmacy
Animal Feed Drilling material
Paint TexKle Paper Ceramic Soh Drink Ice Cream
Cocolate milk Bread Jam
Photography Paper
Pharmacy CosmeKc
Water treatment AddiKve material for high grade
woods
JELLY BM = 5%
Kap: 23.127T
Karaginan BM = 5%
Kap: 8.400T
Alginat BM = 5%
FRESH SHRIMP BM = 5% Kap:+/-‐4700.000T
CANNED SHRIMP BM = 5%
Kap: 415.000T
FROZEN SHRIMP BM = 5%
Kap: 1.587.981T
SHRIMP SNACK BM = 5%
SHRIMP MEAT BM = 5%
WASTE
Pharmacy Grade
Industrial Grade
Food Grade
ChiKn
Chitosan
INTEGRATED FISHERIES INDUSTRIES
MMAF
Agriculture (FerKlizer, fungisida,
bakterisida, nematocides)
ChiKn
Medical Grade (oinment, pharmacy, and
surgery materials)
Chitosan
Industrial Grade (Water purificaKon, paper,
material for metal deionIzaKon)
Food Grade (PreservaKve material,
fat blocker, taste addiKve, anK collesterol)
WASTE AND HIGH VALUED PRODUCTS OF SHRIMP AND CRUSTASEA
SKIN OF SHRIMP AND
CRUSTASEA
MMAF
WASTE
HEAD
EYE Omega 3
BONE
FerSlizer
GelaSn Food, cosmeSc and Pharmacy
Colagen CosmeSc and Pharmacy
MEAT
Fish mill
Fish Jelly Products
Oil Fish Oil
MEAT
MEAT Fish Jelly Product
Fish mill
OIL Oil
SKIN
Colagen CosmeSc and Pharmacy
GelaSn Food, cosmeSc and Pharmacy
BONE
FISH MILL FISH MILL
Colagen Pharmacy
GelaSn CosmeSc and Pharmacy
Gill Fish mill FerSlizer
WASTE Fish Protein Concentrat
e
TUNA
FOOD SECURITY MULTIPLE REVENUE JOBS
MAIN PRODUCTS: FRESH, FILETTE, AND CANNED FISH
MMAF
-‐B
SALT FOR INDUSTRIES
PURIFICATION INDUSTRY
SALT FOR CONSUMPTION
Food Industry
Catering/Resto/Hotel
Hausehold
Salt Cleaning Business
High Quality Salt
ProducSon
Q1
Q2
Q3
Soda Industry
Chlore Alcali Industry
Pharmacy
BITTERN
IMPORTED
SEA WATER
Standard
Standard
Standard
Salt for with Consumption Yodium
Import 1.400.000 – 1.800.000 Ton/Year
= IMPORTED
Imported 200.000 – 500.000 Ton/year
INTEGRATED SALT-‐BASED PRODUCTS
Employment Revenue MMAF
BITTERN
BROMINE INDUSTRY
MAGNESIUM INDUSTRY
OXIDE/HIDROXIDE
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE INDUSTRY
Bromine (Br2)
Magnesium
Potassium Cloride
• Desinfectant • Halogen material • AddiSve material for oil drilling
• Drug • Photography • InsecSside • SubsStute material of Freon
• Refractor • Magnesium Metal • Drug/Pharmacy • FerSlizer • AddiSve material of texSle
• FerSlizer
• NO WASTE
SALT, WASTE AND HIGH-‐VALUED PRODUCTS
Tenaga kerja Uang MMAF
THANK YOU