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Biotech GM Crops By A.Arputha Selvaraj APMP IIM Calcutta

Biotech GM Crops 2015

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Biotech GM Crops

By

A.Arputha Selvaraj APMP IIM Calcutta

Few introductory/contextual slides Few introductory/contextual slides

• ADOPTIONADOPTION, first 15 years, 1996 - 2010, first 15 years, 1996 - 2010

• IMPACTIMPACT of Biotech crops of Biotech crops

• FUTUREFUTURE – 2014 – 2015 (MDG) – 2014 – 2015 (MDG)

Overview of Presentation Overview of Presentation

ISAAA – www.isaaa.orgA Not-for-Profit Charity, co-sponsored by public and private sector organizations

ISAAA is a Pro-Choice Organization • Share knowledge freely on crop biotechnology whilst respecting the rights of others to make their own decisions; ensure that the global community is well

informed about the attributes and potential of the new technologies

• MISSION - Contribute to poverty alleviation by increasing crop productivity and income generation, particularly for small resource-poor farmers and to ensure a safer and more sustainable environment

• NO SINGLE APPROACHNO SINGLE APPROACH will suffice to feed 9 billion people will suffice to feed 9 billion people in 2050in 2050

• Conventional crop improvement Conventional crop improvement ALONEALONE will not will not double crop production by double crop production by 2050 – 2050 – GM/BIOTECH CROPS NOT A PANACEAGM/BIOTECH CROPS NOT A PANACEA but essential but essential

• Successful strategy must have Successful strategy must have MULTIPLE APPROACHESMULTIPLE APPROACHES that address all the that address all the principal issues that include:principal issues that include:

• Population stabilization Population stabilization

• Improved food distribution systemsImproved food distribution systems

• A Technology Component is A Technology Component is ESSENTIALESSENTIAL –– A crop improvement A crop improvement STRATEGY THAT INTEGRATES the BEST of the OLD (CONVENTIONAL) STRATEGY THAT INTEGRATES the BEST of the OLD (CONVENTIONAL) and theand the BEST of the NEW (BIOTECH) BEST of the NEW (BIOTECH) to optimize to optimize productivity andproductivity and CONTRIBUTECONTRIBUTE to food, feed and fiber securityto food, feed and fiber security

The ChallengeThe Challenge - Double Crop Production by - Double Crop Production by 2050 – 2050 – A StrategyA Strategy

• Can biotech crops produce more Can biotech crops produce more affordable foodaffordable food, , feed and fiber, and are they feed and fiber, and are they safesafe??

• Can biotech crops contribute to a more Can biotech crops contribute to a more sustainable sustainable environment environment ??

• Can biotech crops help with Can biotech crops help with climate change by climate change by decreasing COdecreasing CO22 emissions emissions??

• Can biotech crops contribute to Can biotech crops contribute to foodfood securitysecurity and to and to the the alleviation of poverty and hungeralleviation of poverty and hunger??

Global Society’s Questions re. Biotech Global Society’s Questions re. Biotech Crops Crops

ADOPTIONADOPTION

OFOF

BIOTECH CROPSBIOTECH CROPS

1996 - 20101996 - 2010

Accumulated Global Area of Biotech Crops,1996/10Biotech Crops Surge Over 1 Billion Hectares in 2010

Source: Clive James, 2011

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0

494

988

1482

2471

1976

2965

M Acres

500 Million Hectares

1 Billion Hectares = USA land area

10 years 5 years

10%

Increase over 2009 29 countries which have adopted biotech crops

In 2010, global area of biotech crops was 148 million hectares, representing an increase of 10% over 2009, equivalent to 14 million hectares.

Source: Clive James, 2010.

Global Area (Million Hectares) of Biotech Crops, 2010: by Country

Biotech Mega Countries

50,000 hectares , or more

USABrazil*Argentina*India*CanadaChina*Paraguay*Pakistan*South Africa*Uruguay*Bolivia*AustraliaPhilippines*Myanmar*Burkina Faso*SpainMexico*

66.825.422.9

9.48.83.52.62.42.21.10.90.70.50.30.30.10.1

Less than 50,000 hectares

* Developing countries

Colombia*Chile*Honduras*Portugal

Czech RepublicPolandEgypt*Slovakia

Costa Rica*RomaniaSwedenGermany

Million Hectares

• 1 billionth hectare planted in 2010 – same area as USA

• Increase from 25 to 29 countries; 3 new: Pakistan, Myanmar and Sweden, and Germany resumed planting

• Strong 10% growth = 14 m. has. – 2nd largest gain ever.

• 87-fold increase from 1996 to 2010 – fastest adopted crop technology

• Top 10 countries each >1 m. has., 8 are developing

• 15.4 mill. biotech farmers, up 1.4 mill. – 90% or 14.4 million were small and resource-poor farmers

• Stacked traits – 11 countries, 32 million hectares (22%)

SUMMARYSUMMARY –– 2010 HIGHLIGHTS 2010 HIGHLIGHTS

IMPACT OF BIOTECH CROPS IMPACT OF BIOTECH CROPS

• IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOMEIMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME – Farm income gains of – Farm income gains of $65 billion $65 billion from 1996 to 2009, from 1996 to 2009, of which 44% was due to cost reduction and 56% due to of which 44% was due to cost reduction and 56% due to a production gain of a production gain of 229 229 million tons; benefits conservative due spill-over million tons; benefits conservative due spill-over from biotech to conventional. from biotech to conventional.

• PROTECT BIODIVERSITYPROTECT BIODIVERSITY –– Double crop production on same area of 1.5 billion Double crop production on same area of 1.5 billion hectares of crop land hectares of crop land –– save forests/biodiversity save forests/biodiversity –– 13 m. has. loss/year in 13 m. has. loss/year in dev countries – 229 mill tons would have required an additional 75 mill dev countries – 229 mill tons would have required an additional 75 mill hectares – a land saving technology hectares – a land saving technology

• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT –– Reduce need for external inputs Reduce need for external inputs - - Saving of 393 mill. kg pesticidesSaving of 393 mill. kg pesticides from 1996/2009 -from 1996/2009 - 9% saved 9% saved

- - Saved 18 bill. kg C0Saved 18 bill. kg C022 in 2009 -in 2009 - contribution to climate change contribution to climate change

- Conservation of soil & WATER - Conservation of soil & WATER thru biotech + no/low till thru biotech + no/low till

• SOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL BENEFITS

- Contribution to - Contribution to poverty alleviationpoverty alleviation of 14.4 million small resource-poor of 14.4 million small resource-poor farmers in 2010 & farmers in 2010 & welfare benefitswelfare benefits emerging emerging

GLOBAL IMPACT of BIOTECH CROPS GLOBAL IMPACT of BIOTECH CROPS Source: Brookes and Barfoot forthcoming, and Clive James, 2011Source: Brookes and Barfoot forthcoming, and Clive James, 2011

THE FUTURETHE FUTURE

2014 - 2015, 2014 - 2015,

THE REMANING One YEAR OF THE SECOND THE REMANING One YEAR OF THE SECOND DECADE OF COMMERCIALIZATION DECADE OF COMMERCIALIZATION

2015, The Millennium Development Goals Year2015, The Millennium Development Goals Year

• Many new crop/traitMany new crop/trait options will be ready before 2015 options will be ready before 2015

• Drought toleranceDrought tolerance–principal trait–maize in US 2012/13 –principal trait–maize in US 2012/13

• Biotech rice Biotech rice –– majormajor crop, up to 1 billion beneficiaries crop, up to 1 billion beneficiaries

• Quality traitsQuality traits –– Golden Rice in 2013, omega-3, others Golden Rice in 2013, omega-3, others

• More biotech crops developed by countries from the South in public inst. – More biotech crops developed by countries from the South in public inst. – more more South-South cooperationSouth-South cooperation

• Biotech applications for Biotech applications for “Speeding the breeding”“Speeding the breeding” –– MAS and biotech crops, to MAS and biotech crops, to provide a faster response to more severe and rapid changes in climate changeprovide a faster response to more severe and rapid changes in climate change

• Asia will grow more in 2nd decadeAsia will grow more in 2nd decade than first decade than first decade

The Future The Future –– 2014-2015. A WAVE OF 2014-2015. A WAVE OF NEW & IMPROVED BIOTECH CROPSNEW & IMPROVED BIOTECH CROPS

ISAAA Prediction for 2ISAAA Prediction for 2ndnd Decade, 2006-2015 Decade, 2006-2015

2006 2010 2015

# of Biotech Countries

22 29 ~ 40

# of Farmers Planting Biotech Crops

10 Million 15.4 Million

~ 20 Million

Global Biotech Aream. hectares

100 Million Hectares

148 Million Hectares

~200 Million

Hectares

Biotech crops, are a product of

INNOVATION

“the ability to manage change as an opportunity, not as a threat”

Thanks

• Write to Author : [email protected]