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9th annual expert meeting of the initiative on Employment and Skills Strategies in South East Asia(ESSSA)and
6th Regional Policy Dialogue on TVET “Building Talent for the Next Production Revolution”
Group 1A: Better linking people to jobs through responsive employment services:
Case of Cambodia
Somean KUOCH (Mr.) Deputy Director General
National Employment Agency
11-12 October, 2017 Ha Noi, Viet Nam
1
Quick Fact about Cambodia Labor Market
8.1% 6.6%
8.5% 10.3%
13.3%
10.8% 10.2%
6.7%
0.1%
6.0% 7.1% 7.3% 7.4% 7.1% 7.0% 7.0% 7.0%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%Cambodia's Sectoral and Total GDP Growth, 2001-2017
Agriculture Industry Services Total GDP
Source: Ministry of Economics and Finance
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1999 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Agriculture Industry Services
Sectoral Employment Share (age 15-64), 1999-2015
Source: Cambodian Social Economics Survey,
1999-2015
Cambodian WAP (15-64); generational entries, exits and total balance; yearly values in thousands; 1990-2025
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Population Prospects:
The 2015 Revision, DVD Edition.
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
19
70
19
75
19
80
19
85
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
20
15
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
35
20
40
20
45
20
50
20
55
20
60
20
65
20
70
20
75
20
80
20
85
20
90
20
95
21
00
Balance Entry Exit
5 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, DVD Edition.
25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25
0-4
10-14
20-24
30-34
40-44
50-54
60-64
70-74
80-84
90-94
100+ Male_2017
Female_2017
Female_1990
Male_1990
Population structure by age and gender, 1990 & 2017
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
19
50
19
60
19
70
19
80
19
90
20
00
20
10
20
20
20
30
20
40
20
50
20
60
20
70
20
80
20
90
21
00
Cambodia Myanmar Thailand Vietnam
• Cambodia is at the early stage of demographic dividend, while Vietnam and Thailand already passed their peaks.
• This has also caused burdens for education and training system and employment creation.
6
Ratio of Population (aged 15-64) over (aged 0-14 & 65+); 1950-2100
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World
Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, DVD Edition.
• The educational attainment has substantially improved as reflected by the decrease in the share of no education and incomplete primary education as well as the increase in the primary competition rate.
7
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
No Education
Incomplete Primary
Primary
Lower Secondary
Upper Secondary
Post Secondary
Source: Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (2015). Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 1.2.
Population aged 15+ by educational attainment (%); 1990-2025
Challenges
Young workforce, but with low- education and -skills
Pressure for productive and decent employment creation
Lack of labor intermediation to facilitate information flow and provide efficient placement and matching in labor market, resulting in: High search cost, shortage, mismatch, and unresponsiveness and rigidities
Government interventions
Establishing Public Employment Service (National Employment Agency and its Job Centers in 2009)
Cambodia Industrial Development Policy, 2015-2025
National Employment Policy 2015-2025
National TVET Development Policy 2017-2025
Functions of NEA
Jobseekers Vocational & Educational programs
Labour market
Information flow
Occupational profile
Career and vocational counseling
and guidance
Job placement
and employment counseling
For employment counseling and job placement:
Assist jobseekers in acquiring job search skills and soft skills
Invite jobseekers for a job interview
Referral and placement to local jobs
NEA job shop (www.nea.gov.kh) and job search application (android) providing free registration, job matching, and the last updated list of available vacancies.
For career and vocational counseling:
Assist students to select appropriate occupations (self-assessment based on interests, personality, value & skills; and planning future career using LMI).
Identify skill gap & determine the most appropriate means of closing this gap.
Employment forums (mobile career fairs, recruitment events, and national career fairs): provide the fast track meeting of jobseekers and employers to meet each other in activities featuring registration, interview, and placement in one venue at a specific date to reduce job searching cost, and time.
NEA Job Centers in Cambodia
4
Activities 2014 2015 2016 2017
(September)
Number of Jobseekers registered 25,501 9,519 13,480 11,569
Number of referrals 7,402 6,129 11,281 13,133
Number of placement 2,925 1,394 2,443 2,286
Pre employment training 3,374 3,678 944 849
Career counseling and guidance n.a n.a 2,967 1,996
Soft skill training n.a n.a 388 447
Mobile career fairs Number of events 63 119 92 87
Participants 12,387 5,440 11,590 12,333
Recruitment events Number of events 32 46 65 61
Participants 6,628 5,865 8,565 9,487
Summary of NEA’s achievement
Effective approach--hands-on practices and coaching, experience sharing and learning from PES in other developed countries
Quality of human resource--important for knowledge transfer and absorption, and delivery of quality ES and LMI
Institutional capacity-- determining effectiveness of internal and external coordination, and further development
Outreach–oriented strategies and activities (including through IT and social media)-- effective for ES promotion and delivery
Experiences from Cambodian Case
10
Integrated approach to PES and LMI, and domestic employment and migration service—more efficient
Sustainability— ES and LMI-- having been set among priorities in national
socio-economic development strategy (RS III), and long-term sectoral policies (IDP 2015-2025, NEP 2015-2025)
Integration of NEA Work Plan (2017-2019) with Medium Term Strategic Budget Plan (3-yr rolling) which provides predictability and ensures national budget allocation
The Way Forward
Gradual expansion and improvement of ES and LMI proportional to financial and human resource capacity, building on previous achievements:
Prioritized expansion of job centers, and strengthening of outreach activities
Service quality improvement through re-designing process and delivery model for better integration and deepening of ES and LMI, including making use of IT
Institutional and staff capacity development in leadership and management, programing and database, analysis and forecast, guidance and counseling, pre-employment training, and entrepreneurship training.
Thank you for attention!
www.nea.gov.kh Email: [email protected]
Facebook: www.facebook.com/neakhmer Tel: 023 884 692/088 678 5678
Government gateway to: Job, Workforce, and Labour Market Information
18