05/01/2023

Role In Human Body

1

PROBIOTICS

05/01/2023 2

PRESENTATION BY

NAJJA TARIQ

05/01/2023 3

Introduction Term probiotic comes from Latin or Greek

pro, “before, forward”, and bios, or “life”.

Probiotics are “Live microbial feed supplements that have

beneficial effects on the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance”.

World Health Organization: “live microorganisms which when

administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host”.

05/01/2023 4

Cont… Isolated from human and animal intestinal

tracts Dead bacteria, products derived from

bacteria, or end products of bacterial growth -not probiotics

Native bacteria-not probiotics, until isolated, purified, and proved to have a health benefit

05/01/2023 5

05/01/2023 6

Role of Probiotics in Human Body

Impact on colonizing microbiota

Impact on human health and disease

05/01/2023 7

Impact on colonizing microbiota Increase in the populations of the genus of

the fed probiotic strain Potentially change the overall intestinal

microbiota composition and increasing healthy strains growth

Prevent pathogenic bacterial overgrowth Colonize the gut walls, assist in their

functions and protect them from enemies

05/01/2023 8

Impact on human health and disease

Lactose Intolerance Bowel Transit Irritable Bowel Syndrome Gastrointestinal Infections Prevention of Systemic Infections Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Allergy Vaginal Infection Colon Cancer Vitamin production

05/01/2023 9

Lactose Intolerance Lactose can’t be digested Results in abdominal bloating, pain,

flatulence, and diarrhea Starter cultures bacteria in yogurt

(Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) also produce lactase

05/01/2023 10

Bowel Transit Time taken by food to travel from the

mouth to the anus One to three servings of fermented milk

containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 prevent constipation

L. rhamnosus Lcr35 improved symptoms of constipation in children

05/01/2023 11

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence Results from fermentations taking place in

the colon that may or may not generate gas Effective in IBS-either Bifidobacterium

infantis 35624 or A strain mixture

(L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus LC705, Bifidobacterium breve Bb99, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii JS)

05/01/2023 12

Gastrointestinal Infections Antibiotic-associated diarrhea Imbalance in the colonic microbiota caused

by antibiotic therapy L. rhamnosus GG and S. cerevisiae

(boulardii) Lyo, to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and S. thermophilus decrease the incidence of C. difficile-associated diarrhea

05/01/2023 13

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Disease Antibiotic treatment Diarrhea Disturbance of intestinal microbiota

Clostridium difficile overgrowth produces toxin

05/01/2023 14

Prevention of Systemic Infections Infections due to bacterial translocation in

people undergone surgical procedures or seriously ill with severe acute pancreatitis,

advanced liver cirrhosis, or multisystem organ failure

Severe acute pancreatitis treatment with L. plantarum 299V

Liver transplant patients received a synbiotic preparation (mixture of pro- and pre-biotics)

05/01/2023 15

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Includes Ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, and

Crohn’s disease Results from abnormal activation of the

mucosal immune system against the gut microbiota

Causes abnormal inflammatory response that in turn causes ulcers in the gut that fail to heal, leading to chronic intestinal disease

05/01/2023 16

Cont… Standard treatment for remission in

patients with ulcerative colitis-oral preparation of Escherichia coli vs masalazine

The VSL#3 probiotic mixture proved highly effective for maintaining remission of chronic IBD

05/01/2023 17

Allergy Genetic hypersensitivity

Caused by imbalanced immune responses to environmental and harmless antigens (allergens)

Combination of L. rhamnosus 19070-2 and L. reuteri DSM 122460 beneficial in Atopic Dermatitis

05/01/2023 18

Vaginal Infection Caused by fecal microbes ascending into

the vaginal tract and Displacing the normal lactobacilli

microbiota L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus normalize

vaginal pH and re-balance vaginal flora

05/01/2023 19

Colon Cancer Probiotics effective in colon cancer

prevention Some Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium

strains, or The combination of prebiotics and

probiotics

05/01/2023 20

Cont…

Decrease blood cholesterol level

Produce vitamin K, folic acid and vitamin B12

05/01/2023 21

Mechanism of Action

Structural Function

Protective Function

Regulation of the Immune Systems

Metabolic functions

05/01/2023 22

Protective Function Competitive inhibition Compete for nutrition and space and

receptor sites Kill the other microbes

directly by releasing antigens or Indirectly by stimulation of the human immune

system Displace or prevent the other microbes

from adhering to the GIT mucosa

05/01/2023 23

Stabilization of Gut Mucosal Barrier

Probiotics stabilize it byInhibiting damage to intestinal cell

junctionsImproving cell growth and survivalPromoting tissue repair Decreasing bacterial adhesion Secreting repair factors and nutrients

(e.g., short-chain fatty acids, polyamines, and simmunoglobulin A [IgA])

05/01/2023 24

Producing Antimicrobial Substances

Inhibiting pathogens such as Clostridium, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, etc.

Organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid), reduce pH of the intestinal contents

Hydrogen peroxide, inhibits the growth of both Gram-positive & negative bacteria

carbon dioxide diacetyl bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like substances

05/01/2023 25

Structural Function

1 •Immune system development

2 •Reinforcing intestinal barrier effects

3 •Enhancing intestinal cell health and development

05/01/2023 26

Regulation of the Immune Systems Challenge the immune system in healthy way Stimulate natural and acquired immunity Impact infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune,

cancer & allergic disease, response to vaccines Modulate the functions of epithelial cells, phagocytes,

and natural-killers Enhance antibody responses to natural infections &

immunizations Induce cytokine production by a range of immune

cells

05/01/2023 27

Metabolic Function Aiding digestion and absorption of minerals,

especially calcium Producing organic acids Synthesis of vitamins Increasing mineral absorption Detoxifying carcinogens, Salvaging energy Decreases a variety of toxic or carcinogenic

metabolites

05/01/2023 28

Stimulation of Mucin Production Mucus acts as a barrier against invasion by

pathogens and toxins by acting as physical barrier housing antibodies that can bind

potentially harmful antigens releasing mucins into the intestinal tract

thereby removing bound pathogens from the intestinal cells

05/01/2023 29

Antibiotics Vs Probiotics Antibiotics: Emergence of

antibiotic resistance micro-organisms

Unpleasant side effects

Probiotics: Non- invasive Preventive Free from undesirable

side effects

05/01/2023 30

Side effects Dangerous for weakened immune systems or

serious illnesses Rare cases cause bloating, diarrhea, abdominal

pain If in excess cause infection Cause potential health problems like skin rash,

fever, bloody stools etc. No evidence for probiotic supplements to replace

the body's natural flora (when killed off) Do not undergo the testing and approval process

05/01/2023 31

Probiotic strains Streptococcus

salivarius ssp. thermophilus

Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis

Propionibacterium freudenreichii

Pediococcus acidilactici Saccharomyces

boulardii

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus

Lactobacillus plantarum

Lactobacillus brevis Bifidobacterium

adolescentis Bifidobacterium

bifidum Bifidobacterium breve Enterococcus faecium

05/01/2023 32

Dosage formStandard forms:

CapsulesSticksPowder blendsChewable tabletsliquid

05/01/2023 33

Criteria for Probiotics Exert a beneficial effect on the consumer Nonpathogenic, nontoxic, and free of

significant adverse side effects Retain stability during the intended shelf life Adequate number of viable cells to confer

the health benefit Compatible with product format Labeled in a truthful and informative

manner

05/01/2023 34

Probiotic sources Ingesting uncooked

fruits, vegetables, and dairy products

Routinely eating some live culture containing foodssuch as yogurt, kefir, or some fermented foods

Probiotic supplements

05/01/2023 35

Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Saccharomyces boulardii

05/01/2023 36

Thank You For Listening