Genetic Analysis to Improve Grain Yield Potential and Associated Agronomic Traits of Rice

[SYLWAN., 160(6)]. ISI Indexed 303

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Genetic Analysis to Improve Grain Yield Potential and Associated

Agronomic Traits of Rice

Galal Anis1, Mohamed El-Malky

1, Emad Rashwan

2, Ayman EL Sabagh

3*

1. Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Egypt

2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt

3. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt

Corresponding author email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT: Grain yield of rice is a complex trait consisting of several yield parameters. It is of

great necessary to reveal the genetic relationships between GY and its yield components. Therefore,

the correlation of agronomic traits contributed of grain yield will be a supplemental advantage in

providing the selection process. The objective of this study was to compare genetic variability and

relationships between nine rice genotypes and their F1 progenies in rice by assessment of heterosis,

yield advantage and correlation coefficient for grain yield improvement. A field experiment were

conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the growing seasons of

2012 and 2013 at Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Egypt. Heterosis and correlation

coefficient of various agro-morphological and yield traits were studied by using nine-parent diallel

mating design. The results showed that grain yield was highly significant positive heterosis over

standard heterosis and the highest value was 79.68 for the cross Sakha 101 x Giza 171 and the lowest

value was 32.86 for the cross Sakha 104 x HR5824-B-3-2-3. At the same time, fifteen crosses were

highly significant and positive heterosis over mid-parent, the highest cross was Giza 177 x Sakha

104 with value 32.74 and the lowest cross was Sakha 101 x Sakha 104 with value 19.56 for grain

yield. Significant positive correlation coefficients were observed between grain yield and each of

days to maturing, panicle initiation and number of primary branches panicle-1

. Pay special attention

to the cross from Sakha 101 x Giza 171 and as well as Giza 177 x Sakha 104 was achieved the best

grain yield trait. These promising cross would be more valuable materials for breeders engaged in the

development of high yielding cultivars.


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Key words: Correlation coefficient, Heterosis, Rice, Grain yield

INTRODUCTION

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the significant cereal commodities (Lopez and Joseph, 2008).

Rice is the staple food for about 2.5 billion world’s population which may escalate to 4.6 billion by

the year 2050 (Maclean, 2002). Genetic variability for agronomic traits is the key component of

breeding programs for broadening the gene pool of rice and would require reliable estimates of

heritability in order to plan an efficient breeding program (Akinwale et al., 2011). Rice crop plays a

significant role in Egypt, as strategic crop for sustaining the food self-sufficiency and for increasing

the export. The total rice production in Egypt reached 5.91 million tons with a national average yield

of 9.52 tons/ha in 2012 growing season (FAO, 2016). This year, the average rice yield of Egypt is the

first among the rice producing countries in the world (FAO, 2016).

The development of superior rice population involved the intelligent use of available genetic

variability both indigenous as well as exotic to cater the need of various farming situations of rice.

The grain yield with good quality is the primary trait targeted for improvement of rice production

(Parmeshwar et al., 2015). The knowledge on the genetic architecture of genotypes is necessary to

formulate efficient breeding methodology (Babu et al., 2012). It is essential to find out the relative

magnitude of additive and non-additive genetic variances, heritability and genetic gain with regard to

the characteristics of concern to the breeder (Paikhomba et al., 2014).

Heterosis breeding considers an important tool which can facilitate yield enhancement and

helps enrich many other desirable quantitative traits in rice (Venkanna et al., 2014; and Balakrishna

and Satyanarayana, 2015). The heterosis phenomenon can be explained by dominance; over

dominance and epistasis effects (Reif et al., 2012). Heterosis in rice was first reported by Jones

(1926) who observed a marked increase in culm number and grain yield in some F1 hybrids in

comparison to their parents. Both positive and negative heterosis is useful in crop improvement,

depending on the breeding objectives. In general, positive heterosis is desired for yield and negative


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heterosis for early maturity (Nuruzzaman et al., 2002). Heterosis breeding is an important genetic

tool that can facilitate yield enhancement from between 30 to 400% and helps enrich many other

desirable quantitative and qualitative traits in crops (Srivastava, 2000).

Correlation coefficient enables to identity characteristics or combination of characteristics,

which might be useful as indicators of high yield by way of evaluating the relative influence of

various traits on grain yield and among themselves as well. It provides reliable information on the

consequence of selection for simultaneous improvement of desirable yield component characteristics

(Venkanna et al., 2014). Correlation in grouping with path analysis would give a better insight into

cause and effect relationship between different pairs of characters (Jayasudha and Sharma, 2010).

Knowledge of correlation between yield and its contributing characteristics are basic and foremost

endeavor to find out guidelines for plant selection. Partitioning of total correlation into direct and

indirect effect by path coefficient analysis helps in making the selection more effective (Priya and

Joel, 2009).To achieve food security for increasing population in this region, there is an urgent need

to increase the rice productivity. Therfore, in the present investigation, an attempt has been made to

elucidate the compare of genetic variability and relationships between nine rice genotypes and their

F1 progenies by assessment of heterosis, yield advantage and correlation coefficient for grain yield

improvement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Experimental design, treatment and parental lines used: This research was conducted at Rice

Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Egypt during the two successive rice seasons in 2012

and 2013 to investigate the estimation of heterosis and correlation coefficient for grain yield

improvement in rice. The experimental materials were nine rice genotypes involved commercial

varieties and new promising lines. A half diallel cross was conducted among the nine parents in 2012

seasons to produce (36) crosses. The parental varieties and the 36 F1 crosses evaluated and arranged


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in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in (2013). Each replication

contained (25) individual plants with spacing of 20 cm among rows and 20 cm among plants. All

agronomic practices such as land preparation, fertilizer application, weeding and pest control were

done as recommended with rice crop during both seasons of the study.

Data Collection and measurements :The nine parents were evaluated for the agromonic traits like

days to maturing, elongation of panicle initiation, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), plant height

(cm), number of tillers plant-1

, number of panicles plant-1

, number of primary branches panicle-1

,

filled grains panicle-1

, grain yield plant-1

and harvest index (%).

Estimation of heterosis :The heterosis of an individual cross for each trait was determined as the

increase of the F1 hybrid mean over either mid parent and check variety, these proposed by Mather

and Jinks (1982). But there are three formulas usually used for estimation of heterosis as follows:

Standard heterosis or heterosis over the check variety (SH %): The heterosis was determined as the

increase of the mean of F1 hybrid over the check variety Giza 177 (i.e, standard heterosis) as follows:

[F1] – [check variety]

Standard heterosis % (SH) = ------------------------------- x 100

[Check variety]

Appropriate LSD values were calculated to test the significance of the heterosis effects for better

parent and check variety according to the following formula, suggested by Wynne et al. (1970):

LSD for better and check parent = t. 0.05 r

MSE2

0.01

The check variety used in the present investigation was the best commercial variety Giza 177.

Heterosis over the mid- parents (MP):The amount of heterosis as proposed by Mather and Jinks

(1982) was determined as the increase of F1 hybrid mean over the average of its two parents as

follows:

[F1] – [MP]

Heterosis over the mid- parent % (MP) = -------------------- x 100

[MP]


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To test the heterosis significance for the above case, LSD values were estimated according to the

following formula suggested by Wynne et al. (1970):

LSD for MP = t. 0.05 r

MSE

2

3

0.01

Where, F1 = Mean value of the first generation, MP = Mid-parent value,

Check variety= the best commercial variety value, t = Tabulated (t) value at certain probability level

and given degrees of freedom, MSE = Mean squares of error from the analysis of variance and r =

Number of replications.

Estimates Correlation coefficients: Correlation coefficients (r) among all studied characters were

computed using SPSS statistical package according to the following formula:

SS x y

r = ---------------------------------

√ SS x - SS y

Where, SS xy = covariance of xy, SS x = Sum squares of x, SS y = Sum squares of y.

The significance of correlation coefficients was tested using the following formula according to

Gomes and Gomes (1983): N – 2

t = r -------------------

√ 1 – r2

RESULTS AND DISCCUSION

Estimates of heterosis for all characters under studied:The heterosis is the measure of superiority

of the hybrid over its parents. It was expressed as the percentage deviation of F1 mean performance

from mid-parent and check variety. Heterosis values were calculated for ten studied traits.

Concerning days to maturing, Table (1) reveals that nine from 36 combinations were highly

significant and negative heterosis over the best parent. The highest estimates of the nine crosses were

recorded for the HR5824-B-3-2-3 x GZ6522-15-1-1-3 (-5.34) and HR5824-B-3-2-3 x GZ7685-8-1-

3-2 (-4.26). Moreover, for the mid-parent, data showed that 13 crosses gave significant and highly


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significant negative for this trait, the highest value was (-8.71) for the cross Giza 171 x GZ7685-8-1-

3-2 and the lowest value was (-1.56) for the cross GZ6522-15-1-1-3 x GZ6903-1-2-2-1. Regarding

elongation of panicle initiation, data showed fourteen crosses significant and highly significant

positive heterosis over standard heterosis, the highest value was 15.19 in the cross Sakha 104 x

GZ6903-1-2-2-1 and the lowest value was 7.60 in five crosses. On the other hand, nine crosses

showed significant and highly significant positive heterosis over mid-parent, the highest value was

15.16 for HR5824-B-3-2-3 x GZ7685-8-1-3-2 and the lowest value was 5.46 in the cross Sakha 104

x GZ6903-1-2-2-1. Similar results were obtained by Hammoud (2004), El-Diasty et al. (2008), Anis

(2009), Sedeek (2015) and Anis et al, (2016a).

Concerning the chlorophyll content, many crosses scored negatively significant estimates of

heterosis over standard heterosis and one cross GZ6910-28-1-3-1 x GZ6522-15-1-1-3 was positively

significant with value (7.12). On the other hand, most of the crosses were positive significant and

highly significant estimates of heterosis over mid-parent and ranged from 5.01 in the cross HR5824-

B-3-2-3 x GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 to 23.56 in the cross GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 x GZ 6522-15-1-1-3. For plant

height, eighteen combinations showed highly significant and positive heterosis over the best parent.

The highest value was recorded for the cross Sakha 104 x Giza 171 (39.59) and the lowest value was

(8.08) for the cross Sakha 101 x GZ7685-8-1-3-2. In the same time, twenty one crosses were

positive and highly significant heterosis over mid-parent and ranged from 6.83 to 26.41 in the

crosses Sakha 101 x Sakha 104 and Sakha 101 x HR5824-B-3-2-3, respectively. Similar results were

obtained by Anis (2009) and Sedeek (2015). For number of tillers per plant, data showed that 33

from 36 combinations were highly significant and positive heterosis over the best parent and ranged

from 44.03 to 128.77 in the crosses Giza 177 x Sakha 101 and Giza 177 x GZ6522-15-1-1-3,

respectively. Most of crosses for the mid-parent were highly significant and positive ranged from

30.36 to 109.30 in the crosses Sakha 101 x GZ6910-28-1-3-1 and Giza 177 x GZ6522-15-1-1-3,

respectively.


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Table 1.Estimates of heterosis for days to maturing and elongation of panicle initiation

Hybrid combinations

Days to maturing

Elongation of panicle initiation

SH MP SH MP

Giza 177 X Sakha 101 11.20 ** 4.51** 7.60* 3.66

Giza 177 X Sakha 104 -0.80 -4.62 ** 5.41 2.63

Giza 177 X Giza 171 10.66** -0.12 7.60* -1.00

Giza 177 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 -4.00** 3.30** -2.18 7.78*

Giza 177 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 8.00** 3.45 ** 0.00 1.10

Giza 177 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -3.74** -1.64* 2.15 3.28

Giza 177 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 -2.40** -2.40** 1.08 -0.55

Giza 177 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 6.66** 4.16** 7.60* 1.01

Sakha 101 X Sakha 104 2.66** -7.01** 8.67* 2.04

Sakha 101 X Giza 171 -14.40** -2.39** 13.04** 0.49

Sakha 101 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 4.00** 4.70** 2.15 8.03*

Sakha 101 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 12.26** 1.32 3.26 0.54

Sakha 101 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -4.00** -7.93** 3.26 0.54

Sakha 101 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 9.06** 2.50** 1.08 -4.13

Sakha 101 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 7.46** -1.23 7.60* -2.47

Sakha 104 X Giza 171 12.80** -1.74* 14.12** 2.44

Sakha 104 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 0.00 3.17** 3.26 10.48**

Sakha 104 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 8.80** 0.37 3.26 1.62

Sakha 104 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -2.40** -4.19** 4.34 2.68

Sakha 104 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 -0.80 -4.62** 6.52 2.09

Sakha 104 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 9.60** 3.01** 15.19** 5.46*

Giza 171 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 8.54** 4.63** 1.08 1.64

Giza 171 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 -16.80** 1.39* 11.93** 4.03

Giza 171 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -0.80 -8.71** 5.41 -2.03

Giza 171 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 9.34** -1.32 2.15 -7.40**

Giza 171 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 12.26** -0.83 11.93** -2.84

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 3.74** 6.58** -2.18 9.09**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -4.26** 5.44** 3.26 15.16**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 -5.34** 1.86* 0.00 8.24*

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 -0.54 4.33** 7.60* 10.61**

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 2.14* -0.13 2.15 4.43

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 8.00** 3.45** 6.52 5.95*

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 10.40** 3.37** 9.78 ** 4.13

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 -4.00** -1.91* 2.15 1.61

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 -3.20** -3.46** 10.86** 5.15

GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 0.80 -1.56* 10.86** 2.50

Regarding number of panicles per plant, highly significant and positive heterosis over the best

parent, the highest value recorded for the cross Giza 171 x GZ6910-28-1-3-1 with value 129.33 and

the lowest cross was Giza 177 x Sakha 101 with 43.15. At the same time, many combinations were

highly significant positive heterosis over mid-parent and recorded 27.82 in the cross Giza 171 x


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GZ6903-1-2-2-1 to 116.43 in the cross Giza 177 x GZ6522-15-1-1-3. Similar results were obtained

by Hammoud (2004), El-Diasty et al., (2008) and Anis (2009).

Table 2. Estimates of heterosis for chlorophyll content and plant height.

Hybrid combinations Chlorophyll content (SPAD) Plant height (cm)

SH MP SH MP

Giza 177 X Sakha 101 -8.41** -7.01** 16.24** 20.93**

Giza 177 X Sakha 104 -8.07** -6.31** 11.34** 7.10**

Giza 177 X Giza 171 -11.08** 0.44 33.89** 13.65**

Giza 177 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 -3.45 6.85** 5.79* 15.80**

Giza 177 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 1.20 7.92** 7.38* 4.71

Giza 177 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -8.35** -2.49 10.58** 11.25**

Giza 177 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 -6.12** 1.03 5.32 3.53

Giza 177 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 -3.17 0.97 -5.51 -4.80

Sakha 101 X Sakha 104 -0.30 3.19 6.91* 6.83**

Sakha 101 X Giza 171 -2.37 12.19** 36.59** 19.89**

Sakha 101 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 -8.50** 2.99 10.58** 26.41**

Sakha 101 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 0.56 8.99** 0.99 2.34

Sakha 101 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -7.70** -0.20 8.08** 13.15**

Sakha 101 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 5.24* 15.14** 10.74** 13.18**

Sakha 101 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 -6.25** -0.69 10.41** 15.76**

Sakha 104 X Giza 171 -2.67 12.32** 39.59** 14.64**

Sakha 104 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 -4.68* 7.73** 2.45 7.49**

Sakha 104 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 -13.46** -5.83** 5.19 -1.25

Sakha 104 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -6.77** 1.21 6.58 * 3.13

Sakha 104 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 5.18* 15.53** 8.61** 2.78

Sakha 104 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 -6.19** -0.23 11.24** 7.77**

Giza 171 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 -15.61 ** 6.97** 10.08** 0.84

Giza 171 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 -5.61 * 14.69** 28.83** 7.03**

Giza 171 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -3.60 16.82 ** 21.77** 3.90

Giza 171 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 -2.37 19.87** 38.96** 16.25**

Giza 171 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 -3.60 14.18** 35.76** 15.96**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 -11.65** 5.01* -3.31 2.96

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -10.78** 5.77* -3.38 6.47*

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 -5.54* 13.43** 6.25 * 14.15**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 -5.69* 9.32** 5.25 16.15**

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 -9.42** 3.19 5.05 3.03

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 7.12** 23.56** 0.52 -3.61

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 -0.52 10.93** 5.09 3.21

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 -2.67 11.99** 6.91* 5.73*

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 -0.95 10.18** 5.59 7.02**

GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 1.57 14.36** 12.98** 11.88**


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Numbers of primary branches per panicle were significant and highly positive estimates over

standard heterosis. The highest value was 57.67 for the cross Sakha 101 x Giza 171 and the lowest

value was 19.15 for the crosses Sakha 104 x GZ6522-15-1-1-3, Giza 171 x GZ6910-28-1-3-1,

HR5824-B-3-2-3 x GZ6910-28-1-3-1 and GZ6910-28-1-3-1 x GZ7685-8-1-3-2 (Table 4). Highly

significant and positive heterosis over mid-parent for twenty one combinations from thirty six

crosses for this trait. The best cross was Giza 177 x GZ6910-28-1-3-1 with value 38.17. The

percentage of filled grains per panicle recorded that many of crosses was highly significant and

positive heterosis over standard heterosis and ranged from 33.54 to 93.72 for the hybrid

combinations Sakha 101 x HR5824-B-3-2-3 and Sakha 104 x Giza 171, respectively (Table 4).

Twenty six crosses showed significant and highly significant positive heterosis over the mid-parent.

The highest cross was Giza 177 x Sakha 101 with value 68.30 and the lowest value was 17.65 for the

cross Sakha 101 x GZ6522-15-1-1-3.

Most of the combinations showed highly significant positive heterosis over standard heterosis

on the grain yield per plant. The highest value was (79.68) for the cross Sakha 101 x Giza 171 and

the lowest value was 32.86 for the cross sakha 104 x HR5824-B-3-2-3. Fifteen crosses were highly

significant and positive heterosis over mid-parent, as well as the highest cross was Giza 177 x Sakha

104 with value 32.74 and the lowest cross was Sakha 101 x Sakha 104 with value 19.56. With

respect to harvest index, results revealed that nine crosses were positive significant and highly

significant heterosis estimates over standard heterosis that ranged from 5.75 in the cross Giza 177 x

Sakha 104 to 10.72 in the cross Giza 177 x Sakha 101. Ten crosses were highly significant and

positive heterosis over mid-parent. The best cross was Giza 171 x GZ6903-1-2-2-1(17.05) followed

by GZ6910-28-1-3-1 x GZ6903-1-2-2-1 (12.75). Similar results were obtained by Hammoud (2004),

El-Diasty et al., (2008), Anis (2009), Sedeek (2015) and Anis et al., (2016a).


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Table 3. Estimates of heterosis for number of tillers per plant and number of panicles per

plant.

Hybrid combinations Number of tillers per plant Number of panicles per plant

SH MP SH MP

Giza 177 X Sakha 101

44.03**

24.97*

43.15**

23.91

Giza 177 X Sakha 104 23.69 9.74 22.45 9.25

Giza 177 X Giza 171 91.51** 55.85** 93.12 ** 56.65**

Giza 177 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 54.19** 38.91** 50.03** 40.33**

Giza 177 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 67.77** 41.42** 65.55** 40.17**

Giza 177 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 96.59** 87.08** 96.59** 94.87**

Giza 177 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 128.77** 109.30** 127.63** 116.43**

Giza 177 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 93.19** 58.33** 93.12 ** 57.74**

Sakha 101 X Sakha 104 44.03** 12.55 43.15** 12.18

Sakha 101 X Giza 171 54.19** 11.63 53.49** 10.59

Sakha 101 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 35.59 * 7.39 32.80* 8.47

Sakha 101 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 74.53** 30.36 ** 72.43** 29.04**

Sakha 101 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 101.68** 67.60 ** 98.29** 70.36**

Sakha 101 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 101.68** 61.92 ** 103.47 ** 68.58**

Sakha 101 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 79.61** 30.85 ** 77.60** 28.75**

Sakha 104 X Giza 171 106.76** 52.49** 106.93** 52.88 **

Sakha 104 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 89.78** 53.40** 89.71** 59.43**

Sakha 104 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 91.51** 45.81** 94.88** 49.69**

Sakha 104 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 94.87** 65.43** 91.41 ** 69.45**

Sakha 104 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 125.37** 84.71** 125.92** 92.68**

Sakha 104 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 105.03** 52.19** 101.76** 50.00**

Giza 171 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 50.84** 12.66 69.01** 29.82 **

Giza 171 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 71.17 ** 20.96 * 129.33** 62.20**

Giza 171 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 127.10** 77.47** 117.28** 75.00**

Giza 171 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 116.93 ** 64.12** 108.64** 62.42**

Giza 171 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 106.76** 42.70** 86.24** 27.82**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 71.17** 32.04** 69.01** 35.20**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 55.92** 34.31** 55.20 ** 43.99**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 64.36** 36.62** 60.37** 43.09**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 101.68** 51.61** 100.05** 54.68**

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 55.92** 26.03* 55.20 ** 30.43*

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 101.68** 57.64** 98.29** 60.85**

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 93.19** 37.36** 91.41** 36.20**

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 88.10** 64.44** 87.95** 77.22**

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 40.67* 10.68 37.97* 11.89

GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 103.36** 54.86** 100.05** 56.78**

Estimates of correlation coefficient: The study of relationships among the yield traits and grain

yield is of great importance. The estimates of correlation coefficient among all studied characteristics

are presented in Table 6. Concerning days to maturing, data showed that highly significant positive

correlation with each of panicle initiation, number of primary branches per panicle and filled grains


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per panicle percentage (0.832, 0.868, and 0.894, respectively). While, results showed significant

positive correlation between days to maturing and each of plant height, number of panicles per plant

and grain yield per plant.

Table 4. Estimates of heterosis for No. of primary branches per panicle and Filled grains per

panicle

Hybrid combinations No. of primary

branches per panicle Filled grains per panicle

SH MP SH MP

Giza 177 X Sakha 101 46.14** 31.02** 81.15** 68.30**

Giza 177 X Sakha 104 38.41** 24.10 ** 37.43** 27.50**

Giza 177 X Giza 171 49.94** 19.98** 57.79 ** 11.18

Giza 177 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 3.81 12.50 -13.47 7.84

Giza 177 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 46.14** 38.17** 74.86** 57.63**

Giza 177 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 23.07 20.77** 29.64 * 31.21**

Giza 177 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 38.41 24.10** 36.83** 22.19*

Giza 177 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 53.75** 26.95** 81.44** 59.06**

Sakha 101 X Sakha 104 46.14** 18.74** 58.69* 37.49**

Sakha 101 X Giza 171 57.67** 15.50** 92.82** 28.93**

Sakha 101 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 34.60** 29.67** 33.54** 51.97**

Sakha 101 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 38.41** 17.99** 42.52** 20.20*

Sakha 101 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 53.75** 35.54** 76.35** 65.68**

Sakha 101 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 30.68** 6.19 40.73 ** 17.65*

Sakha 101 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 53.75** 15.91** 64.98** 35.55**

Sakha 104 X Giza 171 46.14** 7.06 93.72** 29.40**

Sakha 104 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 34.60** 29.67** 4.49 18.70

Sakha 104 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 38.41** 17.99** 10.48 -6.94

Sakha 104 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 26.87** 11.85* 62.58** 52.52**

Sakha 104 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 19.15* -3.19 41.32 ** 18.00*

Sakha 104 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 23.07** -7.22 39.83** 14.74

Giza 171 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 38.41** 18.05** 10.48 -9.56

Giza 171 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 19.15* -8.87 90.42** 24.58**

Giza 171 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 49.94** 18.18** 85.33** 31.70**

Giza 171 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 42.21** 4.18 71.56** 11.48

Giza 171 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 34.60** -7.86 87.13 ** 19.96**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 19.15* 21.53** 9.58 20.20

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 23.07** 30.68** 19.46 51.14**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 26.87** 22.22** 27.85* 38.64**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 42.21** 25.43** 56.59** 66.03**

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 19.15* 10.66 38.03** 25.78**

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 23.07** 4.92 41.02** 14.74

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 34.60** 6.09 48.21** 18.56*

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 23.07** 8.49 58.09** 42.70**

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 26.87** 3.14 49.11** 32.09**

GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 38.41** 4.35 40.12** 11.16

Regarding to correlations between elongation of panicle initiation and all other studied traits, panicle

initiation was highly significant and positive correlation with number of primary branches per


12

panicle and filled grains per panicle as percentage with values (0.959 and 0.881, respectively). As for

plant height gave highly significant positive correlation coefficient with filled grains per panicle

percentage (0.912). In the same time, gave significant correlation with number of primary branches

per panicle (0.733). For, results showed that highly significant positive correlation coefficient

between number of tillers per plant and number of panicles per plant with value (0.986) and gave

significant with number of primary branches per panicle (0.669).

Table 5.Estimates of heterosis for grain yield per plant and harvest index

Hybrid combinations Grain yield per plant (g) Harvest index %

SH MP SH MP

Giza 177 X Sakha 101 67.10** 32.05** 10.72** 9.62**

Giza 177 X Sakha 104 60.10** 32.74 ** 5.75* 6.69**

Giza 177 X Giza 171 40.07** 23.61* 3.38 4.53

Giza 177 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 10.46 27.65* -3.38 -6.08*

Giza 177 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 25.22* 10.19 1.52 1.53

Giza 177 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 37.89** 23.73* 4.04 6.05*

Giza 177 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 50.40 ** 27.48 ** 3.30 2.54

Giza 177 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 51.61** 27.96** 3.06 7.70**

Sakha 101 X Sakha 104 75.92** 19.56** 4.28 4.16

Sakha 101 X Giza 171 79.68** 28.47** 6.00* 6.10 *

Sakha 101 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 34.49** 18.95* -1.35 -5.03*

Sakha 101 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 14.62 -18.24* 3.48 2.46

Sakha 101 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 67.95** 21.72** 2.25 3.17

Sakha 101 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 75.16** 21.20** 3.72 1.94

Sakha 101 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 51.25** 4.29 0.69 4.13

Sakha 104 X Giza 171 53.65** 14.72 -2.15 -0.17

Sakha 104 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 32.86** 24.01* 1.35 -0.64

Sakha 104 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 45.38** 8.29 3.97 4.90

Sakha 104 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 60.95** 21.88** 2.15 5.07

Sakha 104 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 72.68** 24.60 ** -0.93 -0.80

Sakha 104 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 77.92** 27.91** 6.49* 12.32**

Giza 171 X HR 5824-B-3-2-3 31.31* 31.51** 4.21 2.39

Giza 171 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 48.98 ** 17.34* 3.87 5.04*

Giza 171 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 36.83** 9.67 4.85 8.09**

Giza 171 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 53.10** 16.60* 6.56* 6.94**

Giza 171 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 44.95** 9.97 10.72** 17.05**

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 -5.96 -6.12 8.76** 5.74*

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 7.98 10.21 1.76 0.78

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 4.94 0.42 4.53 0.87

HR 5824-B-3-2-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 2.10 -2.78 -2.82 -1.40

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 55.71** 24.48** 6.24* 8.31**

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 63.34** 24.10 ** 1.42 0.68

GZ 6910-28-1-3-1 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 71.19** 29.57** 7.88** 12.75**

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 53.65** 18.72* 2.01 3.19

GZ 7685-8-1-3-2 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 46.58** 12.82 1.18 7.87**

GZ 6522-15-1-1-3 X GZ 6903-1-2-2-1 35.07** -1.03 -1.35 2.30


13

The results showed that significant and highly significant positive correlation coefficient between

number of primary branches per panicle and each of filled grains per panicle percentage (0.923),

number of panicles per plant (0.703) and grain yield per plant (0.776). The obtained results were in

harmony with those reported by Hassan el al., (2011), Keshava et al., (2011), Essa (2012), Rameeh

(2012), Anis et al. (2016 b) ,Fazaa et al., (2016 a,b) and Barutçular et al.,(2016).

Table 6.Estimates of phenotypic correlation coefficients among all pairs of studied

characteristics

No DMD EPI PH NTP CHC NPBP FGR NPP GY HI

DMD 1011

EPI. 0.832** 1011

PH 0.771* 0.687* 1011

NTP 0.664 0.526 0.464 1011

CHC 0.087 0.185 -0.335 -0.293 1011

NPBP 0.868** 0.959** 0.733* 0.669* 0.138 1011

FGR 0.894** 0.881** 0.912** 0.646 -0.149 0.923** 1011

NPP 0.694* 0.589 0.455 0.986** -0.225 0.703* 0.655 1011

GY 0.696* 0.737* 0.332 0.417 0.585 0.776* 0.582 0.447 1011

HI -0.344 -0.661 -0.356 -0.326 0.018 -0.570 -0.470 -0.411 -0.463 1011

(DMD) days to maturing (days); (EPI) Elongation of panicle initiation, days; (PH) Plant Height; (NTP) No. of tillers Plant; (CHC) Chlorophyll content;

(NPBP) No.of primary branches/panicle; (FGR) Filled grain in the panicle, %; (NPP) No. of panicles/plant; (GY) Grain yield plant, g; (HI) Harvest

index.

CONCLUSION

The overall results indicated that there was adequate genetic variability among the material studied.

The best cross achieved from Sakha 101 x Giza 171 and as well as Giza 177 x Sakha 104 for grain

yield. According to the selection of these cross and traits would be more effective for yield

improvement in rice and these promising cross would be more valuable materials for breeders

engaged in the development of high yielding cultivars.

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