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Diversified Farming Practices Using Participatory Approach for
Food Security and Safety
Diversified Farming Practices Using Participatory Approach for
Food Security and Safety
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• INTRODUCTION• A CASE STUDY: SUDAN• COUNTRY PROFILE• TYPES OF DIVERSIFIED FARMING SYSTEM• The BIO-PHYSICAL & SOCIO-ECONOMIC CIRCU.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL FARMERS (DFS)
• PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY &FARMER INOVAT.
• MARKETING ARRANGEMENT• INSTITUTIONAL INTERVENTION (FCB, TD, MKT)
• THE FUTURE OF DFS in SUSTAINIG FS & RE
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A Case Study: Sudan
4Sources: CBS(2006)
Area : 2.50 Million Km2
Population: 40 Million
Population density: 6 Inhabitants/Km2
Annual growth rate: 02.53 %
GDP: $ 30.647 Billion
GDP per capita: $ 918.94
GDP Annual Gr. Rate: 8.3 %
Country Profile
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Cultivated land is about 20 % of over 85
million hectares arable land;Agriculture is the main occupation (70%);Agricultural sub-sectors (cultivated land):
Source: Central Bank of Sudan, 2006
Agricultural Profile
Sectors contribution to GDP:
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Mechanized rain-fed sector fodders, cotton, nuts, millet, sesame and Dura
Mechanized rain-fed sector fodders, cotton, nuts, millet, sesame and Dura
Irrigated sector wheat, legumes, fodders, vegetables, cotton onion, fruits and Dura
Irrigated sector wheat, legumes, fodders, vegetables, cotton onion, fruits and Dura
Traditional rain-fed sector fodders, nuts, millet, sesame, and Dura Traditional rain-fed sector fodders, nuts, millet, sesame, and Dura
Types of Diversified Farming System
The main food and cash crops in Sudan are grown under many sub-sectors include: The main food and cash crops in Sudan are grown under many sub-sectors include:
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Source: The field survey 2006
Crop production under different sectors
Irrigated(000
ton/fed)
Mechanized rain-fed sector
(000 ton/fed)
Traditional rain-fed sector
(000 ton/fed)
Sorghum 780 909 989
Millet 3 24 570
Wheat 363 1 -
Table 1: Main Cereal Food Crop Production under Different Sub-sector Table 1: Main Cereal Food Crop Production under Different Sub-sector
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Livestock Production
Intensive cow’s milk production is becoming more common within the large irrigation schemes
Intensive cow’s milk production is becoming more common within the large irrigation schemes
Sudan owns a huge livestock population, which consists of cattle, sheep, goats and camels
Sudan owns a huge livestock population, which consists of cattle, sheep, goats and camels
The livestock wealth was estimated to be around 124 million head in 2000 as 124 million head
The livestock wealth was estimated to be around 124 million head in 2000 as 124 million head
Sudan comes first in the Arab world, and as the second richest African country in livestock and fifth in
the World
Sudan comes first in the Arab world, and as the second richest African country in livestock and fifth in
the World
Good natural pasturage covers more than 57 million fed., and the nomadic pastoral sector tends for
more than 90% of this huge animal population.
Good natural pasturage covers more than 57 million fed., and the nomadic pastoral sector tends for
more than 90% of this huge animal population.
9Sources: CBS(2006)
Area : 2.50 Million Km2
Population: 40 Million
Population density: 6 Inhabitants/Km2
Annual growth rate: 02.53 %
GDP: $ 30.647 Billion
GDP per capita: $ 918.94
GDP Annual Gr. Rate: 8.3 %
The Bio-physical & SocioeconomicCircumstances
10Sources: CBS(2006)
River Nile &tributaries: 20 Milliard m3
Ground water : 9000 Milliard m3
Arable land area: 201.6 million fed.
Average cultivated area: 20% of arable land
GDP per capita: $ 918.94
GDP Annual Gr. Rate: 8.3 %
The Bio-physical & SocioeconomicCircumstances - cont...
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The Bio-physical & SocioeconomicCircumstances - cont...
Civil war overall the country since the 1980sCivil war overall the country since the 1980s
Instability of the annual level of rain and unfavorable agro-climatic conditions of droughts
Instability of the annual level of rain and unfavorable agro-climatic conditions of droughts
Desertification particularly at the west and north parts of the country
Desertification particularly at the west and north parts of the country
Many studies mentioned that the main causes of food insecurity:
Many studies mentioned that the main causes of food insecurity:
Privatization Policy which undertook by the country government since 1994 led to agricultural
deterioration as a negative impact of changes
Privatization Policy which undertook by the country government since 1994 led to agricultural
deterioration as a negative impact of changes
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Characteristics of Small Farmer in DFS
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Full mechanized in the mechanized rain-fed sector where investment and companies took a place
Full mechanized in the mechanized rain-fed sector where investment and companies took a place
In the irrigated sectors always farmers use partial machinery, most of the growers are small farmers
In the irrigated sectors always farmers use partial machinery, most of the growers are small farmers
Production technology & farmers innovations
the traditional sector still suffering from using the conventional methods.the traditional sector still suffering from using the conventional methods.
Production technologies play a unique role in farm sustainability and management:Production technologies play a unique role in farm sustainability and management:
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Farmers some times select the healthy plants for improvement, from season to season: i.e.: wheat Farmers some times select the healthy plants for improvement, from season to season: i.e.: wheat
Production for off season crop: i.e.:Growing off-season crops: i.e.: tomatoes
Production for off season crop: i.e.:Growing off-season crops: i.e.: tomatoes
Production technology & farmers innovations
They use local material instead of chemical to increase the yield and plant productions: manureThey use local material instead of chemical to increase the yield and plant productions: manure
Farmers in Sudan some times innovate some techniques to face environmental changes such as:Farmers in Sudan some times innovate some techniques to face environmental changes such as:
Farmers use traditional storages to increase household return: i.e.: oranges and onions.Farmers use traditional storages to increase household return: i.e.: oranges and onions.
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Storage (13%)Sale (77%)
(26%) Household consumption
(32%) Seeds for next season
(42%)Future sale
(1%) Town market
(3%) Local merchant
(1%) Wholesaler
(65%)Village markets
(30%) Mixed
Urban consumer
Marketing arrangements Marketing arrangements
Prevalent Manner of Channels and Quantities of Food and Cash Crops in
Sudan
Prevalent Manner of Channels and Quantities of Food and Cash Crops in
Sudan
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Characteristics of Small Farmer in DFS
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The future of diversified farming for sustaining food security and rural economy should include the following: To arrive at intensive, land and water-use efficient; economically viable agricultural systems that lead to better NRM.
Create tenants awareness of strategies and economic options for more profitable recommendations on resources productivity, thereby increasing farm income in sustainable manner.
Create policy maker awareness of the farm management and resources management dimension in respect of both efficiency and sustainability of utilization to produce food crops. This process will assist in the establishment of a framework for improving and diversified farming for sustaining food security.
The future of diversified farming for sustaining food security and rural economy should include the following: To arrive at intensive, land and water-use efficient; economically viable agricultural systems that lead to better NRM.
Create tenants awareness of strategies and economic options for more profitable recommendations on resources productivity, thereby increasing farm income in sustainable manner.
Create policy maker awareness of the farm management and resources management dimension in respect of both efficiency and sustainability of utilization to produce food crops. This process will assist in the establishment of a framework for improving and diversified farming for sustaining food security.
The Future of Diversified Farming System
