Barista (Coffee)

Barista

BaristaProf. Olga Geena O. Nova

CoffeeHistory

The Arabian Peninsula

The Arabs were the first, not only to cultivate coffee but also to begin its trade. By the fifteenth century, coffee was being grown in the Yemeni district of Arabia and by the sixteenth century it was known in Persia, Egypt, Syria and Turkey.

Coffee Comes to EuropeEuropean travelers to the Near East brought back stories of the unusual dark black beverage. By the 17th century, coffee had made its way to Europe and was becoming popular across the continent. Opponents were overly cautious, calling the beverage the 'bitter invention of Satan.'

With the coming of coffee to Venice in 1615, the local clergy condemned it. The controversy was so great that Pope Clement VIII was asked to intervene. Before making a decision however, he decided to taste the beverage for himself. He found the drink so satisfying that he gave it Papal approval.4

Despite such controversy, in the major cities of England, Austria, France, Germany and Holland, coffee houses were quickly becoming centers of social activity and communication.

The New WorldIn the mid-1600's, coffee was brought to New Amsterdam, a location later called New York by the British.

Though coffee houses rapidly began to appear, tea continued to be the favored drink in the New World until 1773 when the colonists revolted against a heavy tax on tea imposed by King George. The revolt, known as the Boston Tea Party, would forever change the American drinking preference to coffee.

Plantations Around the WorldIn only 100 years, coffee had established itself as a commodity crop throughout the world. Missionaries and travelers, traders and colonists continued to carry coffee seeds to new lands and coffee trees were planted worldwide.

Mayo Clinicresearchers at the Digestive Disease Week 2013conference in Orlando, FloridaRegularcoffeeconsumption has been linked to a reduced risk of the autoimmune liver diseaseprimary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)

AdvertisementCoffee contains a thousand things that can affect health, from helpful antioxidants to tiny amounts of substances linked to cancer.

No one knows why.

National Institutes of Health and AARPstudy doesnt prove coffee makes people live longer

7 Good Reasons To Drink CoffeeCut the PainIncrease your fiber intakeProtection against cirrhosis of the liverLowered risk of Type 2 DiabetesLowered risk of Alzheimers diseaseReduces suicide riskProtection against Parkinsons

Cut the PainTwo cups of coffee can cut post-workout muscle pain by up to 48%.From the Journal of Pain, March 2007.Increase your fiber intakeA cup of brewed coffee represents a contribution of up to 1.8 grams of fiber of the recommended intake of 20-38 grams.From the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.Protection against cirrhosis of the liverOf course you could just cut down on the alcohol intake.From the Archives of Internal Medicine.Lowered risk of Type 2 DiabetesThose who consumed 6 or more cups per day had a 22% lower risk of diabetes.From the Archives of Internal Medicine.Lowered risk of Alzheimers diseaseThere is considerable evidence that caffeine may protect against Alzheimers disease.From the European Journal of Neurology Reduces suicide risk10 year study of 86,000 female nurses show a reduced risk of suicide in the coffee drinkers.From the Archives of Internal Medicine.Protection against ParkinsonsPeople with Parkinsons disease are less likely to be smokers and coffee drinkers than their healthy siblings. Just make sure you dont get lung cancer on the way.19

TEN STEPS TO COFFEE1. Planting2. Harvesting the CherriesStrip PickedSelectively Picked3. Processing the CherriesThe Dry MethodThe Wet Method5. Milling the BeansHullingPolishingGrading & Sorting

TEN STEPS TO COFFEE

6. Exporting the Beans7. Tasting the Coffee8. Roasting the Coffee9. Grinding Coffee10. Brewing Coffee

Italian Coffee caff (espresso) - a small cup of very strong coffee, i.e., espressocaff Americano - American-style coffee, but stronger; weaker than espresso and served in a large cupcaff corretto - coffee "corrected" with a shot of grappa, cognac, or other spiritcaff doppio - double espressocaff freddo - iced coffeecaff Hag - decaffeinated coffeecaff latte - hot milk mixed with coffee and served in a glass for breakfast

Italian Coffee contcaff macchiato - espresso "stained" with a drop of steamed milk: small version of a cappuccinocaff marocchino - espresso with a dash of hot milk and cacao powdercaff stretto - espresso with less water; rocket fuel!Cappuccino - espresso infused with steamed milk and drunk in the morning, but never after lunch or dinnergranita di caff con panna - frozen, iced beverage (similar to a slush, but ice shavings make it authentic) and topped with whipped cream

Mokka Coffee Pot

Mokka Coffee PotA. Bottom chamber which contains water. When the pot is heated on a stove, produce from the steam pushes the water through B (Basket containing ground coffee) and into C (Collecting chamber for coffee)D. FilterE. Rubber ring that keeps the filter in place

How to make good Italian Coffee To make coffee:

1. Fill the lower chamber with just under one cup of water, or just below the edges of the container.


2. Fill the coffee basket with finely ground espresso coffee to the top and press down lightly (do not over-press or you will burn the coffee!).


3. Assemble the pot and put on medium-high heat and leave for a few minutes. Soon you will hear a gurgling noise as the steam bubbles mix with the up streaming water. Once you hear this noise


4. Remove from the heat and let all the coffee


5. Serve in small coffee cups and drink straight, adding sugar at will or a few drops of milk to make macchiato.

How to Brew Coffee The GrindMake sure that yourequipment is thoroughly cleanedafter each use by rinsing it with clear, hot water and drying it with an absorbent towel.

Check that no grounds have been left to collect on any part of the equipment and that there is no build-up of coffee oil. Such residue can impart a bitter, rancid flavor to future cups of coffee.31

How to Brew Coffee The Coffee

Purchase coffee as soon after it has been roasted as possible. Ideally you should purchase your coffee fresh every 1-2 weeks.

Fresh roasted coffee is essentialto a superb cup of coffee. And purchase your coffee in small amountsonly as much as you can use in a given period of time.32

How to Brew Coffee The Grind

If you purchase whole bean coffee, alwaysgrind your beans as close to the brew time as possible. A burr or mill grinder is preferable because all of the coffee is ground to a consistent size. A blade grinder is less preferable because some coffee will be ground more finely than the rest.

If you normally grind your coffee at home with a blade grinder, try having it ground at the store with a burr grinder. You may be surprised at the difference!33


Do not underestimate the importance of the size of the grind to the taste of your coffee.If your coffee tastes bitter: it may be over extracted, or ground too fine. if your coffee tastes flat: it may be under extracted, grind is too coarse.

Tell the professionals where you purchase your coffee exactly how you will be brewing it. For example, will you be using a plunger pot? A flat drip filter? A cone drip filter? A gold mesh filter? They will grind it specifically for the preparation method you have chosen and the equipment you use.34


Never reuse your coffee grounds.Once brewed, the desirable coffee flavors have been extracted and only the bitter undesirable ones are left.

Before using the coffee, try rubbing some of the grounds between your fingers so that you can 'feel' the grind and become acquainted with the differences in size.35

How to Brew Coffee The Water

The water you use is VERY important to the quality of your coffee.Use filtered or bottled water if your tap water is not good or imparts a strong odor or taste, such as chlorine.

If you are using tap water let it run a few seconds before filling your coffee pot. Be sure to use cold water. Do not use distilled or softened water.36

How to Brew Coffee Ratio of Coffee to Water

A general guideline is1 to 2 tablespoons of ground coffee for every six ounces of water.This can be adjusted to suit individual taste preferences. Be sure to check the 'cup' lines on your brewer to see how they actually measure.

Use the proper amount of coffee for every six ounces of water that is actually brewed, remembering that some water is lost to evaporation in certain brewing methods. 37

How to Brew Coffee Water Temperature During Brewing

Your brewer shouldmaintain a water temperature between 195 - 205 degrees Fahrenheitfor optimal extraction. Colder water will result in flat, under extracted coffee while water that is too hot will also cause a loss of quality in the taste of the coffee.

If you are brewing the coffee manually, let the water come to a full boil, but do not over boil. Turn off the heat source and allow the water to rest a minute before pouring it over the grounds.38

How to Brew Coffee Brewing TimeThe amount of time that the water is in contact with the coffee groundsis another important factor affecting the taste of your coffee.In a drip system: approx. 5 minutes. a plunger pot: 2-4 minutes. Espresso: the coffee is in contact with the water for only 20-30 seconds.

If the taste of your coffee is not optimal, it is possible that you are either over extracting (the brew time is too long) or under extracting (the brew time is too short) your coffee. Experiment with the contact time until you can make a cup of coffee that suits your tastes perfectly.Espresso, as the name implies, means that the brew time is short39

How to Brew Coffee After Your Coffee Has Been Brewed

Brewed coffee should be enjoyed immediately!

Never reheat your coffee.

If it will be a few minutes before it will be served, the temperature should be maintained at 180 - 185 Fahrenheit.

Pour it into a warmed mug or coffee cup so that it will maintain its temperature as long as possible. It should never be left on an electric burner for longer than 15 minutes because it will begin to develop a burned taste. If the coffee is not to be served immediately after brewing, it should be poured into a warmed, insulated thermos and used within the next 45 minutes. Brewed coffee begins to lose its optimal taste moments after brewing so only brew as much coffee as will be consumed immediately.40

HOW TO MAKE INSTANT COFFEECoffee is an important part of the morning for many people. For those people who prefer not to brew coffee, it is important to know how to correctly make instant coffee, to put the best start to ones morning as is possible.

HOW TO MAKE INSTANT COFFEEWaterInstant coffeeSugar (optional)Cream or milk (optional)Flavorings, such as vanilla extract, cinnamon, or cocoa powder (optional)

INGREDIENTS

HOW TO MAKE INSTANT COFFEE

Step 1

Put water in a kettle and boil it.

If you do not have a kettle, then put water in a pot and put it on the stove. Or use an immersion heater and warm up the water in a separate heat-proof mug. The easiest method is to use a microwave.(Note: Be careful when heating coffee in a microwave oven, as there can be a sudden release of steam and hot water that may result in burns to your person)

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HOW TO MAKE INSTANT COFFEETake the instant coffee and put about one slightly rounded teaspoonStep 2

(this may vary based upon how strong one likes their coffee).44

HOW TO MAKE INSTANT COFFEEPour just a teaspoon of the very hot (nearly boiling) water into the mug; only enough to dampen the instant coffee.Step 3

If you use sugar, put in your sugar granules. Now, with a metal spoon, crush the slurry against the side of the mug. 45

HOW TO MAKE INSTANT COFFEEStir in the rest of the hot water.Step 4

46

HOW TO MAKE INSTANT COFFEEAdd fresh whole milk, fresh half-and-half, or non-dairy creamer to the coffee if desired.Step 5

(this may vary based upon how strong one likes their coffee).47

HOW TO MAKE INSTANT COFFEEFlavorings such as vanilla extract, cocoa powder, or ground cinnamon may be added at this time. Step 6

If the coffee has been modified, then stir thoroughly until the extra ingredients have been dissolved.48

A SIMPLER CUP OFF COFFEEBoil the water and get a mug and put in two tablespoons of sugar and a teaspoon of instant coffee. Step 1

(Adjust to size of cup and taste.)49

A SIMPLER CUP OFF COFFEEWhen the water is ready, pour in as much to fill the cup, allowing for any liquid you plan to add. Step 2


A SIMPLER CUP OFF COFFEEAdd creamer to the coffee and stir.Step 3


TIPS FOR MAKING COFFEEAll the additives and measurements vary based on the person so be sure that you know what you like!Store instant coffee in the freezer in an air-tight container in order to maintain that fresh aroma that it has when you first open the new container.


TIPS FOR MAKING COFFEEIf desired, you may use artificial sweeteners instead of sugar. However, be aware that aspartame (NutraSweet/Equal) breaks down with heat, so it loses sweetness over time. Try heating the milk up before you add it, some people find that this makes instant coffee taste better!


TIPS FOR MAKING COFFEEYou might want to add the milk to the mug before adding the boiling water. In doing this shake the milk bottle/ container, creating "foam," before you pour! It will make the coffee look very nice.The sugar, creamer, and/or flavorings may be measured into the cup before adding the water.


References Italian Coffee http://italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa040903a.htmHow to make a good Italian coffeehttp://www.examiner.com/article/how-to-make-a-good-italian-coffee-at-homehttp://www.ilariasperfectrecipes.com/how-to-make-perfect-italian-coffee-moka-explanation-bar/HOW TO BREW COFFEE http://www.ncausa.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=71HOW TO MAKE INSTANT COFFEE http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Instant-Coffeehttp://questcoffee.com.au/Story/15thingshttp://www.energyfiend.com/7-good-reasons-to-drink-coffeehttp://www.ncausa.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=68http://www.ncausa.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=69