VOLCANIC ERUPTION AND

EARTHQUAKEGROUP 1

Volcanic eruptions happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent. Volcanic eruptions often cause temporary food shortages and volcanic ash landslides called Lahar.

Volcanoes erupt because of density and pressure. The lower density of the magma relative to the surrounding rocks causes it to rise. It will rise to the surface or to a depth that is determined by the density of the magma and the weight of the rocks above it.

Volcanic eruptions happen with early warnings unlike earthquakes that are sudden. There are early warning signs before a volcano erupts so there is at least time for residents around the volcano to prepare before the actual eruption occurs. People should know that before a volcano erupts there are warning signs such as rumbling sounds, continuous emissions of steam, increasing temperature around the volcano that results to withering of plants around and unusual behaviors of animals and earthquakes.

Here are precautionary measures before volcanic eruptions:

1. Each one should be aware of the dangers that volcanic eruptions pose to lives and be prepared to face whatever circumstances the eruption may bring.

2. Prepare all necessary things to bring once evacuation is needed. Those in danger zones are warned when to evacuate. Once given the signal refrain from saying you will be all right. Refusing to evacuate will pose more serious problems.

3. Store as much food, water, light sources and batteries that are very useful in case of emergency.

4. Volcanic eruptions have ash falls so be prepared for masks or anything to cover nose and mouth.

5. Prioritize the safety of kids before other things. If you have relatives or friends who are far from the volcano, take your children there until such time that your place is safe.

Here are precautionary measures during volcanic eruptions:

1. Avoid all low-lying places because lava flows and mudflows are more likely to pass here.

2. Seek cover in case of ash falls rock falls.

3. Use masks and cover your mouth and nose to avoid breathing in ashes.

4. If you are inside a house; close all doors and windows to avoid ashes from getting inside.

5. Always stay indoors.

6. Stay in the evacuation center until further instructions. Do not attempt to leave the place unless told to do.

7. Keep a watchful eye on the kids because they might be tempted to go out and see what’s going on outside.

Here are precautionary measures after volcanic eruptions:

1.Go back to your house but leave the kids behind someone who can take care of them while you check your house.

2. Clean everything around and check all damages incurred.

3. Use masks while cleaning ash and other debris.

4. Wait for further announcements related to the volcano activities.

5. Make sure that your house is still safe for all of you.

Volcanic eruptions could be handled easier than earthquakes because there are early signs before the actual eruption so you are already prepared at the time of eruption. Always take precautionary measures in order to avoid serious problems.

The third process that causes volcanic eruptions is an injection of new magma into a chamber that is already filled with magma of similar or different composition. This injection forces some of the magma in the chamber to move up in the conduit and erupt at the surface.

what are the causes of volcanic eruption

Volcanic eruptions can be extremely damaging to the environment, particularly because of a number of toxic gases possibly present in pyroclastic material. It typically consists mainly of water vapour, but it also contains carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide gas. Other gases typically found in volcanic ashes are hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, and volatile metal chlorides.

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.

What to Do Before an Earthquake•Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home.•Learn first aid.•Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity.•Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake.•Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll fall during a quake).•Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to the walls or floor.•Learn the earthquake plan at your school or workplace.

What to Do During an Earthquake•Stay calm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If you're outside, stay outside.•If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the center of the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from windows and outside doors.•If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the building could fall on you).•Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and fire don't mix.•If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car until the earthquake stops.•Don't use elevators (they'll probably get stuck anyway).

What to Do After an Earthquake•Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it.•Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave immediately, and report it to the authorities (use someone else's phone).•Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an emergency.•Stay out of damaged buildings.•Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet.•Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).•Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground has stopped shaking.•Stay away from damaged areas.•If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge.•Expect aftershocks.

what are the causes of earthquakesEarthquakes are the vibrations caused by rocks breaking under stress. The underground surface along which the rock breaks and moves is called a fault plane. Earthquakes in Australia are usually caused by movements along faults as a result of compression in the Earth's crust.

Effects of an earthquakeEarthquakes can destroy settlements and kill many people. Aftershocks can cause even more damage to an area. It is possible to classify the impacts of an earthquake, by taking the following factors into account:short-term (immediate) impactslong-term impactssocial impacts (the impact on people)economic impacts (the impact on the wealth of an area)environmental impacts (the impact on the landscape)

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