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Sushil PoudelProgram Manager-Technical/Infrastructure

Member-Tearfund Urban Working Group

Disaster and Urban Planning Isolation to Integration

Info Share Session: Urban Working Group8th Nov 2016

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Personal Profile• Jr Engineer: EU Supported Irrigation Project – 1999• Municipal Engineer – Pokhara Sub Metro- Head of Department for Environment Sanitation and Waste Management- Team Member Initiating Implementation of National Building Code- Initiated Very first Formal PPP project in MSWM- Headed the Agriculture, Forestry and Environment Subject Committee under Municipal Council

• FCG International (SEAM-N) Integrated Urban Development Management Expert- Developed IUDMP Framework (Piloted & Tested in 2 Municipalities in Nepal)

• SWM/Operation Management Expert – World bank/Ministry of Urban Development (GPOBA)

- Service Improvement Plans and Financial Sustainability of MSWM System

• Shelter/NFI Lead – LWF- Relief and Recovery Plan for Shelter/NFI (Proposals & Budgeting)

• Program Manager-Technical/Infrastructure (Previous Shelter Project Manager)- Developed Comprehensive Capacity Development Package (Mason’s training, Demo, Model House,

Community Orientation) for Safer Construction- First Agency to complete Mason’s Training/Model House Construction/Housing Grant Distribution

Academic Diploma in Civil Engineering- IOE, TU Nepal

Bachelors in Civil Engineering – IOE, TU Nepal

Masters in Development Management – AIM, Manila , Philippines

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The Challenge of Urban Response

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC6BtmNg33g

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Why Urban…Developing Countries &…..

Small & Medium Sized Cities• Unprecedented Population Growth* (UNDESA)• Development World Centric Expansion* (UN

2014)• Small and Medium Sized City Accumulation*

(IFRC 2010-WDR)• Haphazard Urbanization Key Driver for

Disaster Losses* (IPCC 2012) • Nearly A billion Slums live in Informal

Settlements

* See Notes

Recent Urban Disasters- Haiti, Pakistan, Nepal

& so on..

Urban Uniqueness: Practices, Assumptions

& Standards

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What Makes Urban Different ???• Demography- Population Density (More population more to respond)- Mobility (Mobile Population)- Assessment Difficulties (Beneficiary Identification)

• Socio-Economy- Income Disparities/Informal settlements- Limited Interconnectedness (Individualistic): Community

Mobilization Dynamics- Land Ownership and Rented Status- Violence- Cash and Market- Skills and Capacities- Food Dependency (Limited or No food production)

• Physical Development- Buildings and Infrastructures (More Infras more to

respond and recover)- Congestion

• Political - Access to Power (Proximate Government)- Multiple Actors/Interests

• Environmental - Natural Resources- Pollution

• Technology- Means of Technology- Access to Information & Communication

VulnerabilitiesHazardsOpportunities

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It is just a myth that the size and speed at which a city grows that determines environmental problems but the quality of its governance (WDR, 2010).

Appropriate Planning & Management can convert these chaotic urbanization into liveable cities

Leveraging urbanization for structural transformation (Habitat III-NUA)

I would rather say ‘Leveraging urbanization for systemic transformation’

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Where We Are ???

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Traditional Urban Planning Process: Actually Contemporary

Limited Expert Judgement

Limited Assessments

and Study

More Reactive Less Proactive

Isolated Planning - Less Integrated : Separate Theme

Isolated Approach

Less Participatory: Extreme

Supply/Demand Driven Physical Development Focused: Less

Considers Environmental Sustainability and Social Equity

even Economic Prosperity

Municipal Council

Approval of the Plan

Municipality

Discussion and Analysis- Stakeholders (Dev Partners & NGOs)- 5 Subject Committees(Infra Dev; Ag Forestry & Environment; Demographics & Social; Organization & Admin, and Land and Water

Resource)

Wards

Stakeholders Workshop for Project IdentificationCriteria - Immediate Benefit- Employment- Income Gen.- Local Skill and Resource- Environment- Underprivileged Needs

Municipality

Review and Plan Internal Resource and

Revenue

National Planning

Commission

- Budget Ceiling- General Guidelines (Not Urban Specific)

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Roads & Transportation

Urban Priorities

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Modern (!) Urban Planning (Considers

Environment)

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Integrated Urban Development Management Planning for

Sustainable Cities

Imple

men

tatio

n,

Mon

itorin

g &

Evalu

ation

Political

Commitment

Preparatory

Phase

Background Study & Situation Analysis

Problem Identification & Analysis (P-S-I)

Response Analysis (R)

Prioritization

Preparation of Implementation

Plan of Activities with

target

Final Approval of the Plan

Implementation of the plan

M&E

IUDMP Cycle Physical, Socio-economic & ecological impact is considered

SWOT

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Driving Force(Socio-Economic Development to

fulfill human needs/demands) e.g. Demographic, Industry,

Urbanization

Pressures (& Challenges)(Environmental, Social &

Economic Pressures due to socio-economic development) e.g. land use, consumption,

pollution, emission

State(Ecosystem, Physical Dev,

Socio-Economy) e.g. Quality/Quantity of

Air/Water/Land

ImpactSociety, Economy

& Ecology

ResponsePolicy, Planning &

technology for Adaptation & Mitigation

D-P-S-I-R for Urban Planning

(Sustainable Cities)

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IUDMP Framework

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Differing Urban Priorities

DRRM is Still an Isolated/Missing Theme

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In Such….How to Respond Urban Disaster in Most Efficient Way !!!

Rules Yet to be Drafted

Existing Development Planning Approach

Are they efficient enough?

Are we getting most out of it?

Does it considers development as a

‘System’?Existing DRRM Approach

Are they efficient enough?

Are we getting most out of it?

Are there some other way making it

effective, accessible, affordable and

efficient?

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Revisiting our Paradigm…

Considering complex interactions between urban ecology, urban disaster risk and physical development of the city.

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Because…..

• We are seeing, in effect, the urbanization of disasters and disaster risk (WDR 2010).

• Urban resilience should not only be limited to disaster risk reduction, adaptation and management (CCA) as an isolated theme but could be made part of regular urban development throughout the whole project cycle.

Economic Opportunities

Environmental Externalities

Ecological Imbalance

Mismanagement

Inadequately Planned

Urbanization

Vulnerabilities to Natural Disaster

Addressing the Impact not the root

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How it Can Work

DRR• Interdepartmental DRR

Mainstreaming • Integrated Approach

(Integrating DRR considerations in Development) • Systemic Consideration

(Recharge pond shouldn’t instigate erosion)

Preparedness• Assumptions• Standards• Operating Procedures

Response• Mobilization• Assessments• Targeting• Communication &

Coordination• M&E• Linkages to

Development

Rethinking…….

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….. And Development

Reinvigorating The way we plan, finance, develop, govern, and manage cities and human settlements

(Habitat III-NUA)• Plan-Integrated/Holistic• Finance- !!! May be Partnership & Collaboration• Governance: Community Centred (Sang Sangai in Nepal)

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Reinvigorating Urban Development Planning

Integrating (Environmental Sustainability &) Resilience into Urban Periodic Planning

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Integrated Urban Development Planning Cycle

Preparatory

Phase

Background Study & Situation Analysis

Problem Identification & Analysis (P-S-I)

Response Analysis (R)

Prioritization

Preparation of Implementation

Plan of Activities with

target

Final Approval of the Plan

Implementation of the plan

M&E

Sustainable and Resilient

City

HVCA

Common P-S Elements for Urban Environment and Disaster

Indicators for Urban Environment and Resilience @ each stages of

project cycle

Planning Approach

Impact/Outcome Considered

Traditional Physical Dev

Modern Physical, Social, Economic & Ecological

Sustainable & Resilient

Physical, Social, Economic, Ecological & Disaster

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HVCA as a Part of P-S-I Analysis

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Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Sustainability

Resilience

Urban Priorities: Sustainable & Resilient Cities

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We Can Change the Game…..Together

….…Least the Rule of Game