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The Role of Gene Bank to Preservation Halophytes Genetic Resources and Current
Status of Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Project in Qatar
Elsayed M. Elazazi, Ph.DPlant genetic resources expert, MoE
Doha, 12-14 October, 2015
Qatar halophytes plants• Qatar is a small peninsula northwards from the Arabian mainland
into the Arabian Gulf. Qatar’s total land area is approximately 11,590 km2.
• Flora is an important part of the Qatar biodiversity heritage and Qatar national vision 2030.
• The coastal lowlands ”sabkhat” and saline soils are covered 700 Km2 approximately 6.6 % of Qatar land. Batanouny 1986.
• An important genetic resources such wild plants and plant species of halophytes are in danger of extinction from habitat degradation, soil erosion and changes in environmental conditions.
• Halophytes are plants that are specially adapted to live in saline environments. Salt affected areas amount to about 955 million ha worldwide. M. A. Khan et al., (eds.) 2014.
• Halophytes have their greatest potential in their utilization in restoration of degraded saline locations, coastal stabilization, production of cheap biomass for renewable energy, cash crops for fodder, medicine, building materials and other utilitarian objects and for sequestering CO2.
Conservation of plant genetic resources
• Ex-situ conservation in gene banks play important role in conservation plant genetic resources, conserve biodiversity has significant importance in the restoration of damaged landscapes and new development being undertaken in a sustainable way.
• "The objectives of this convention... Is the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilisation of genetic resources ... “ Article 1: Objectives (CBD, 1992).
Conservation strategies
The two strategies are ex situ and in situ conservation and they are defined in Article 2 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1992) thus:"Ex situ conservation means the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats""In situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticates or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties.“Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1992)
Current Status of Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Project in Qatar
• A conservation plan is addressed to conserve plant genetic resources to face the challenges of food security in Qatar. This plan is based on Qatar national biodiversity strategy and action plan 2004 and Ministry of Environment national strategy projects 2011 – 2016.
A conservation plan in the project has addressed in five key objectives:
1. Plant genetic resources seed conservation,2. Molecular genetic characterization,3. Training and capacity building,4. Documentation of Qatar plant genetic resources, and5. Increasing awareness of plant genetic resource's value.
Results • Qatar is distinguished for its diverse flora that
consists of nearly 400 plant species which pave the way for the establishment of the basis gene bank.
• Around 250 collection mission from 2012.• Genetic resources department “gene bank” have been
collected and conserved 210 seed accessions, 2800 herbarium specimens, and 287 Plant sample for Genetic characterization.
Plant genetic resources seeds accession we are surveying, collecting and conservation in gene banks
Family Genus Species Total Seed Accessions
0
50
100
150
200
250
46
115 117
210
Total Genetic Resources seeds Conservation
Development of Plant genetic resources, seeds accession conserved in gene banks
2012 2013 2014 2015020406080
100120140160180200220
87
157
194210
Seeds Bank Accession
Seeds Bank Accession
Development of Plant genetic resources, herbarium specimens conserved in the gene bank herbarium
2012 2013 2014 20150
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
700
1700
25002800
Herbarium spacements
Herbarium spacements
Halophytes species
No. Species No. Species No. Species No. Species
1 Anabasis setifera 8 Salsola baryosma 15 Cyperus conglomeratus 22 Limonium axillare
2 Arthrocnemum glaucum 9 Salsola cyclophylla 16 Sporobolus arabicus 23 Salicornia europaea
3 Atriplex leucoclada 10 Salsola marina 17 Phragmites australis 24 Aeluropus lagopoides
4 Cornulaca aucheri 11 Seidlitzia rosmarinus 18 Cressa cretica 25 Sporobolus spicatus
5 Halocnemum stro-bilaceum 12 Suaeda aegyptiaca 19 Frankenia pulvurulenta 26 Phoenix dactylifera
6 Halopeplis perfoliata 13 Suaeda vermiculata 20 Zygophyllum simplex 27 Tamarix ramossissima7 Heliotropium bacciferum 14 Zygophyllum qatarense 21 Avicennia marina
We collected and conserved 70 % of Qatar halophytes species Qatar have 27 halophytes species within 10 families, Batanouny 1986.
List of families has been collected and preserved in the Qatar gene bank unites
No. Families No. Families No. Families No. Families
1 Acanthaceae 13 Capparaceae 25 Lamiaceae 37 Poaceae
2 Aizoaceae 14 Caryophyllaceae 26 leguminosae 38 Polygonaceae
3 Amaranthaceae 15 Chenopodiaceae 27 Liliaceae 39 Portulaceae
4 Amaryllidaceae 16 Cistaceae 28 Malvacae 40 Resedaceae
5 Apiaceae 17 Cleomeaceae 29 Memispermaceae 41 Rhamnaceae
6 Arecaceae 18 Compositae 30 Mimosaceae 42 Salvadoraceae
7 Aryophllaceae 19 Convolvulaceae 31 Moringaceae 43 Scrophulariaeae
8 Asclepiadaceae 20 Cruiferae 32 Neuradaceae 44 Simanondsiaceae
9 Asteraceae 21 Cucrbitaceae 33 Nitraiaceae 45 Solanaceae
10 Brassicaceae 22 Euphorbiaceae 34 Orobchaceae 46 Zygophyllaceae
11 Bressiceceae 23 Fabaceae 35 Plantaginaceae
12 Canthaceae 24 Labiatae 36 Plumbaginaceae
Qatar Plant Genetic Resources Documentation
Qatar Plant Gene Bank Information SystemThe Arab Network of Plant Genetic Resources Herbarium - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 96 Spp.
Qatar Plant Gene Bank Information System
• The database is a part of Qatar Plant Gene Bank Information System, which was launched in cooperation with the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development (AOAD) in the context of Arab Plant Gene banks Information System under the umbrella of the Arab League.
Qatar Plant Gene Bank Information Systemhttp://web1.moe.gov.qa/Qatargb/hotLine/PgrExchange.aspx
Gene bank conservation short & Long –terms
Gene Bank Herbarium, MoE
Gene bank role at qatar• Ecological studies on wild plants distributions (xerophyte
Atriplex leucoclada)• Seeds viability test for all PGR accessions• Improvements methods to break seeds dormancy of many wild
plants, and important wild medicinal plants to the State of Qatar. “capparis spinosa, Vachellia tortilis (Acacia tortilis), Prosopis cineraria,…..”
Dukhan halophytes experiments field
Wild plants Field gene bank, Data palm field gene bank, halphytes experiment field
Mas'habia Data palm field gene bank,Rawdat al-Faras Field Gene bank
Relative Wild Crop
• Evaluation Wild tomato, from Mark Tester K. A. U., KSA
• Viabilty test for PGR.
Training, Awareness and capacity building
• Qatar gene bank apply many national, regional workshops and training courses in cooperation with the international institutions to build Qatar gene bank staff and enhancement local community Awareness about the risks and threats that facing plant genetic resources and desertification problems.
Training, Awareness and capacity building
Collection electronic license system
• This system gives collection licenses to researcher, expert, institutions…….”
• This guideline objectives to :1. Facilitate to researcher to get PGR and data,2. Organizing access and work on PGR,3. Preserving the rights of Qatar in PGR,4. Conservation PGR biodiversity,5. Facilitating the state registration of PGR6. Implementation treaties and agreements
Collection electronic license system
Collection electronic license system
Conclusion
• Finally, Plant genetic resources provided powerful tools for humanity to enhancing our child's future, so it is necessary to preserve the natural plant genetic resources on which sustainable development is based.
• Halophytes plant genetic resources can be helpful in the achievement of a world without hunger” Food insecurity”.
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to:Masoud J. Al-Marri
Director of Agricultural Research Department
Ministry of Environment
Salwa Al-KuwariHead of Genetic Resources
DepartmentStaff of Genetic Resources
DepartmentMinistry of Environment
Thank You
