SustSan workshop: Planing and process tools by Tandiwe Erlmann

SSWM Planning and Process Tools


1

seecon international gmbh Tandiwe Erlmann

Ljubljana, Slovenia, April 5th 2014


More information at www.sswm.info

5

1. Introduction

“Participatory Planning and

Decision Making”

How can I optimize my local water and sanitation system?

How can I plan and implement my water and

sanitation initiatives in a

more sustainable way?

Planning & Process Tools

Implementation Tools

Behavioural change approaches

Technical tools



6

1. Introduction to Participation What is Participation?

Brainstorming

•  Take part in an activity

•  Be involved

•  Contribute to the definition of goal to achieve

•  Contribute to the achievements of goal



8

What is Participation?

1. Introduction to Participation

• “... means that people … are involved in economic, social, cultural and political processes that influence their lives”. (United Nations Development Programme, UNDP)

• “... Is the process through which stakeholders influence and share control over priority setting, policy-making, resource allocations and access to public goods and services”. (The World Bank, WHO)

• …is a multi-directional communication process between all the people and groups involved in making a joint decision

SOURCE: WERNER, C.; PANESAR, A.; BRACKEN, P.; MANG, H. P.; HUBA-MANG, E. and GEROLD, A. (2003): „An ecosan source book for the preparation and implementation of ecological sanitation projects”. GTZ- ecosan program, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Eschborn, Germany.

Participation …



9

What is Participation?


Participation is therefore not just a process where external agents “inform”, “instruct”, “motivate” and “educate”

people to take what they believe to be the correct course of action.

SOURCE: International Association for Public Participation (2014): IAP2 Spectrum



What are the challenges of implementing such a process?

10


Brainstorming



Challenges in Participatory Approaches

•  Ensuring participation of all sections of the community •  balance between strong leadership and room for everyone to enter into action •  Requires skilled manpower •  needs government support (especially in urban areas) •  Time consuming and (therefore) hard to finance •  Traditional decision making processes •  Influence by dominant stakeholders •  Gender •  Religion •  Might lead to an unsustainable decision or no decision at all!

11




When it is so difficult, why should we bother with participation?

12


Brainstorming •  Increases ownership •  Mobilises and empowers the community •  Involves education and information of stakeholders

to let them make informed decisions •  Ensures that goals are set according to the local

conditions and thus enhances long-term sustainability

•  Ensures a demand-driven approach (beneficiaries ask for help)

•  Resources, ideas, responsibilities are shared and mobilized

•  Consensus can be achieved among stakeholders •  Reduces vandalism •  Can be an icebreaker for future interventions



And what happens if we don’t do it?

14


Brainstorming •  No ownership

•  Inappropriate technologies are implemented

•  People’s priorities are not considered

•  “Wrong” problem is solved

•  Lack of O&M

•  Vandalism

•  Failure of project



What happens if we don‘t do it?

15


Unmaintained public toilets in India.



Stakeholder participation is considered being essential in all aspects of development and management.

The objectives are to increase the sustainability of the intervention through:

Objectives of Participation

2. Participatory Processes

•  incorporating wide range of perspectives and priorities

•  increasing stakeholder compliance and ownership

•  incorporating knowledge and skills •  identifying conflicts between users

and negotiating solutions •  contributing to stakeholder

empowerment and local institutional development

Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/2009_JUL.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010]



19

3. SSWM Planning & Process Tools Introduction:

See also: http://www.sswm.info/category/planning-process-tools/planning-process-tools-introduction



21

3. SSWM Planning & Process Tools

Programming & planning frameworks:



Step 1: Exploring

25




Allows to collect background information necessary to determine the scope and boundaries of the project. -> It also allows to establish a link with the community, inform about the process and initiate the involvement of the community members. The sub-steps involved in this first phase are: •  Preliminary Assessment of Current Status •  Definition of Boundaries •  Stakeholder’s Analysis •  Preliminary Assessment of possible

solutions

Step 1: Exploring

26




Step 2: Demand creation

28





29

Many water & sanitation programmes have failed because they were supply driven People will only want and use solutions when they understand them and see benefits in them (demand driven) -> Only if people understand and want systems they will operate and maintain them Demand creation uses awareness raising tools – examples are:

•  Social Marketing •  Media campaigns •  School campaigns





30




Step 3: Participatory Decision Making

31





In a participatory decision making process the identified stakeholders undertake a collective action of understanding, deciding and planning a project to reach a common objective. The components involved are:

•  Gathering Ideas

•  Analysing the Situation

•  Deciding

•  Planning

-> A vision paper, such as a Community Action Plan or a Long Term Strategy should capture the decisions taken in this step.

32





33


Source: TCCO (Editor) (1995): Community Action for the Environment. A Guide to Helping Your Community Go Green. Ontario: The Conservation Council of Ontario.

http://www.weconserve.ca/pdf/cap.pdf [Accessed: 22.04.2012].

Source: BARTLE, P. (2008): Preparing a Community Action Plan. Province of British Colombia: CEC Community Empowerment Collective. http://cec.vcn.bc.ca/cmp/modules/org-cap.htm [Accessed: 02.04.2012]



34

Step 3 Example: Community Action Plan

A community action plan is a road map for implementing measures to change a given situation in a given locality. It has to clarify the following points:

What: What the community wants to achieve

How: Which activities are required during a specified time period

Who: Which resources are used (money, people and materials)





35

Step 4: Implementation





Once an action plan has been developed in a participatory process, the objectives are now to be translated into projects.

37

Objective 1: Stop open defectation

Objective 2

Recycle water and lower water consumption

Activity 1: Awareness raising

Activity 2: Construct dry toilet

Activity 3: Teach population how to construct and use

greywater towers





Usually a project… •  covers a reduced and concrete number of purposes •  has a set timetable •  contributes to reaching the vision of the community •  is measurable by the community itself. The phases to be carried out are: •  Project designing (logical framework,

proposal writing etc.) •  Financing the project •  Executing (Project management,

monitoring)

38




40

Step 5: Ensuring Sustainability



Once a project has been implemented, it has to be ensured, that it will continue to satisfy the needs of the concerned communities as well as economic and environmental criteria.

This step is the most important, but often forgotten in the planning process. A lack of monitoring, follow-up and operation and maintenance is the reason for the many failures of sanitation and water interventions.

Main activities are:

•  Participatory monitoring and evaluation

•  Sound operation and maintenance

•  Follow-up of projects



Ensuring sustainability also requires resources (human, financial, material)!







Identification of Planning & Process Tools

4. Introduction to Group Work

•  Consult the SSWM Toolbox

•  Identify the set of planning and process tools which will be useful to plan and implement sustainable SSWM projects

Max. 45 Minutes

63

Planning Tools

Find help in the SSWM Toolbox: Planning & Process Tools http://www.sswm.info/category/planning-process-tools/planning-process-tools-introduction

With what kind of processes, measures and tools can I plan and implement my

SSWM project?



Presentations of Group Work

4. Introduction to Group Work

•  Each team will have 10 minutes to present their work

•  Don’t forget to comment on the tools you have chosen to optimise your water and sanitation system

Max. 30 Minutes for preparation 64

Hardware

Software

Planning Tools

SSWM Planning and Process Tools 65

“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture”

With the support of:

Created by: