Southwest Pennsylvania EH Project Nov14 2014

Fracking:

What are the risks to Ohio

Melanie Houston, MS

Ohio Environmental Council

November 2014

11/26/2014 1


« Advocacy, non-profit

« Legislative initiatives

« Legal action

« Science and policy

« Network and partnerships

Utica shale drilling

Columbus Dispatch

Dec 3, 2012

Potential for serious impacts to...public health, environment, quality of life

State of fracking in

Ohio

In Ohio:

Over 1,500 horizontal

wells permitted.

Over 1,100 drilled

• Cornell University study

– “An uncontrolled health experiment on an enormous scale”

• Duke University study

– Found methane concentrations 17X higher in drinking water wells closer to natural gas wells

• Akron Beacon Journal

– 1 million pounds of chemicals used at a single well site

Risks to water quality

Air contamination• Colorado School of Public Health:

– “Our data show that it is important to include air pollution in the national dialogue on natural gas development that has focused largely on water exposures to hydraulic fracturing,” said Lisa McKenzie, Ph.D., MPH

– “We also calculated higher cancer risks for residents living nearer to the wells as compared to those residing further [away],” the report said. “Benzene is the major contributor to lifetime excess cancer risk from both scenarios.”

http://attheorefront.ucdenver.edu/?p=2546

Earthquakes

109 earthquakes in 2011, including 3.9 magnitude

Brine dump in storm drain leading to Mahoniing

River in Youngstown, Ohio (Feb 2012)

Brine dump

Morgan County spill

Morgan County

• 100 barrel spill of drilling mud

into an unnamed creek &

unknown amount of wet gas

released.

Monroe County –Chemical Fire & 5 mile Fish Kill

October 2014 – 3 Incidents in just 3 days

Guernsey County –

worker injury/

explosion

Jefferson county –

leaking well,

evacuation

Monroe County –

pipeline fire

Local impacts

SAFER GAS Act

To include provisions to require:

• Protection of public water sources & floodplains

• Increased air monitoring

• Increased public input (right to know & right to

appeal permit terms + conditions)

• More inspectors + better reporting + tracking of

incidents on ODNR website

• Waste fluid recycling + reuse

• Better regulation of waste materials

Increased buffer

zones

• Between wells &

water bodies

• Between wells &

homes

• Between wells &

ecologically

sensitive areas

*Image of Wayne National Forest

Funds for Emergency

Response

• Equipment & training

• Industry should foot bill (severance tax)

Spill containment rules

• Need legislature to require ODNR issue

emergency rules

Chemical disclosure

• Need full disclosure of trade secret

chemicals…

…To emergency

responders &

drinking water

utilities

OEC contacts:

Melanie Houston [email protected] (614) 487-5849

Nathan Johnson [email protected] (614) 487-5841

mailto:[email protected]


Ohio’s state lands

open to drilling

• Quail Hollow

State Park

• Wayne

National

Forest


Relevant & timely

legislation

• SB 315 – Governor’s energy legislation

• Budget bill (HB 59) – radioactive waste

from fracking, definition of TENORM

• Upcoming – severance tax bill, HB

490/midterm budget review bill

A meeting with the Southwest Pennsylvania

Environmental Health Project

Melanie Houston

Raina Rippel

Jill Kriesky

Deborah Cowden

November 7, 2014

11/26/2014 23

Welcome

•How the meeting came about

•Goals for the meeting

•Meeting Agenda

•Housekeeping

11/26/2014 24


« Legislative initiatives

« Legal action

« Science and policy

« Network and partnerships

Melanie Houston

Director of Water Policy

& Environmental Health

Today’s Speakers

Jill Kriesky

SWPA-EHP

Deb Cowden

Family Physician

Raina Rippel

SWPA-EHP

Introductions of attendees

•In person attendees

•Webinar participants –please introduce yourself through the chat box!

•Name, organization & interest in attending today

11/26/2014 27

State of fracking in

Ohio

In Ohio:

Over 1,500 horizontal

wells permitted.

Over 1,100 drilled

Potential for serious impacts to...public health, environment, quality of life

Earthquakes

109 earthquakes in 2011, including 3.9 magnitude

Brine dump in storm drain leading to Mahoniing

River in Youngstown, Ohio (Feb 2012)

Brine dump

Morgan County spill

Morgan County

• 100 barrel spill of drilling mud

into an unnamed creek &

unknown amount of wet gas

released.

Monroe County –Chemical Fire & 5 mile Fish Kill

October 2014 – 3 Incidents in just 3 days

Guernsey County –

worker injury/

explosion

Jefferson county –

leaking well,

evacuation

Monroe County –

pipeline fire

Local impacts

SAFER GAS Act

To include provisions to require:

• Protection of public water sources & floodplains

• Increased air monitoring

• Increased public input (right to know & right to

appeal permit terms + conditions)

• More inspectors + better reporting + tracking of

incidents on ODNR website

• Waste fluid recycling + reuse

• Better regulation of waste materials

Increased buffer

zones

• Between wells &

water bodies

• Between wells &

homes

• Between wells &

ecologically

sensitive areas


Funds for Emergency

Response

• Equipment & training

• Industry should foot bill (severance tax)

Spill containment rules

• Need legislature to require ODNR issue

emergency rules

Chemical disclosure

• Need full disclosure of trade secret

chemicals…

…To emergency

responders &

drinking water

utilities

OEC contacts:

Melanie Houston [email protected] (614) 487-5849

Nathan Johnson [email protected] (614) 487-5841



Human Health

Impacts of Marcellus

Shale Gas Extraction

Ohio Environmental

Council,

Columbus, OH

Raina Rippel, DirectorSWPA Environmental Health ProjectNovember 7, 2014

www.environmentalhealthproject.org

http://www.environmentalhealthproject.org

SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROJECT

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Southwest Pennsylvania Environmental Health Project (EHP)

Our mission is to respond to individuals’ and communities’ need

for access to accurate, timely and trusted public health information and

health services associated with natural gas extraction.

Unconventional Natural Gas

Development in Pennsylvania


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To date, 15,190 unconventional wells have been proposed

or permitted, and 8,576 have been drilled in PA since 2000

Regional Shale Plays


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EHP ResourcesHealth Evaluation and Support

Nurse practitioner

Health exams

Consultations

Referrals for health services

Health provider education

Clinical toxicity profiles

Accurate, Trusted, and Timely Public Health Information

Identification of exposure pathways

Measurement tools

Consultation on water reports

Assessment of air exposures

Evaluation of health risks

Information assessment


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World Health Organization’s

Public Health Approach

The three main public health functions are:

1. The assessment and monitoring of the health of communities and populations at risk to identify health problems and priorities.

2. The formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national health problems and priorities.

3. To assure that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective care, including health promotion and disease prevention services.


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EHP Tools for Monitoring

Air monitoring of particulate matter:• Speck

• Dylos

Water monitoring for conductivity and total dissolved solids:• CATTFish

• TDS meters

Soil monitoring: under development this fall

In conjunction with monitoring activities, our Nurse Practitioner is available by appointment in our McMurray office and onsite in Washington County to conduct health evaluations and work with families to seek appropriate medical care.


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http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/3_90_024.html


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Unanswered Questions…

Health effects of peak exposures vs. average exposures

Uncertainty regarding health impacts of chemical mixtures

Inadequacy of ambient environmental measurements to reflect the exposure of individuals close to a source

Atypical dose-response relationships of endocrine disrupters


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For More Information


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[email protected]


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Southwest Pennsylvania Environmental Health Project (EHP) Health Findings

November 7, 2014

EHP Heath Intakes include: Full health history of client;

Recording of vital signs and symptoms;

Documentation of occupational and household exposures; and

Recommendations for further medical consultations and/or steps to cut off pathways of exposure (air, water, or soil)

UNGD Acute Symptom Inventory(43 patients who met screening criteria)*

______________________________________________

RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS cough, shortness of breath, wheezing

DERMATOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS rash, itching, burning

EYE SYMPTOMS itching and burning, blurred vision, dry eye, pain

NOSE AND THROAT SYMPTOMS sore throat, sinus pain, nose bleed

GASTRO-INTESTINAL SYMPTOMS nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea

CONSTITUTIONAL SYMPTOMS fatigue, weakness, weight change, drowsiness

* Screening criteria: Complete intake process, plausible exposure, temporal relationship between exposure and symptom, absence of another likely cause of symptom

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UNGD Acute Symptom Inventory, cont.(43 patients who met screening criteria)*

__________________________________

CARDIAC SYMPTOMS heart rate, chest pain

NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS headache, difficulty concentrating, dizziness, numbness/tingling, word recall trouble

PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS difficulty sleeping, moody/ irritable, anxiety, panic attacks

ENDOCRINE SYMPTOMS hair loss, thinning hair

EARS/HEARING tinnitus, hearing loss

* Screening criteria: Complete intake process, plausible exposure, temporal relationship between exposure and symptom, absence of another likely cause of symptom

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Symptoms Reported to EHP Nurse Practitioner

N=43Individuals reporting

Percentage of total cases

Respiratory 25 58%

Dermatologic 27 62%

Eye 22 51%

Nose & throat 29 67%

Gastro-Intestinal 22 51%

Constitutional 17 39%

Cardiac 8 18%

Neurological 30 70%

Psychiatric 27 62%

Endocrine 5 11%

Ear/hearing 10 23%

• A complete health history was taken;

• Exposures were environmental, not occupational;

• A potential exposure to UNGD had occurred, ANDsymptoms were present where there may have been an exposure.

Criteria for Inclusion

Robert Donnan ©2011

Attribution of symptoms

• Temporal relationship – Development of symptom (or exacerbation of pre-existing symptom) after onset of gas extraction activities.

• Plausible exposure – Identifiable exposure source in proximity to individual experiencing symptoms.

Attribution of symptoms, cont.

• Absence of more likely explanation –Symptoms were not attributed to gas extraction activities if an individual had an underlying medical condition that was as (or more) likely to have caused the symptom, or if an exposure unrelated to gas drilling was as (or more) likely to have caused the symptoms.

Review of reported symptoms

• Symptoms might be persistent, transient, or intermittent. These variations in symptom presentation are consistent with the changing and episodic nature of exposures.

Speck PM 2.5 Air Monitor Screenshot

Respiratory • 25 people reported respiratory symptoms. • That’s 58% of the cases.• Of these 25 people, 80% report cough, 52% report shortness of breath, 36%

reported wheezing.

Breakdown of Symptoms_____________________

Dermatological • 27 people reported dermatological symptoms. • That’s 62% of the cases. • Of these 27 people, 52% report rash, 41% report itching, 11% burning.

Eye• 22 people reported eye symptoms. • That’s 51% of the cases. • Of these 22, 82% reported itching and burning.

Breakdown of Symptoms, Continued_____________________

Cardiac• 8 people reported cardiac symptoms. • That’s 18% of the cases. • Of these 8, 88% reported heart rate changes and 38 reported chest pain.

Neurological• 30 people reported neurological symptoms. • That’s 70% of the cases. • Of these 30 people, 57% report headache, 33% report difficulty

concentrating, 30% report dizziness, 23% report numbness and tingling, and 23% report word recall.

Psychiatric• 27 people reported psychiatric symptoms. • That’s 62% of the cases. • Of those 27 people, 70% reported difficulty sleeping, 44% reported

irritability, and 33% reported anxiety.

Breakdown of Symptoms, Continued_____________________

Nose & throat • 29 people reported nose and throat symptoms. • That’s 67% of the cases. • Of these 29, 72% report sore throat, 48% report sinus pain, and 14% report

nose bleed.

Gastro-Intestinal • 22 people reported GI symptoms. • That’s 51% of the cases. • Of these 22, 60% report nausea, 50% report abdominal pain, and 15%

report diarrhea.

Constitutional• 17 people reported constitutional symptoms. • That’s 39% of the cases. • Of these 17, 88% reported fatigue, 29% reported weakness, 18% reported

weight change, and 12% reported drowsiness.

Number of PM2.5 Peaks and Symptom Type

Eye,Ear,Nose,Throat Respiratory Neurological Stress

GI

Cardiological

Numberof

Peaks

EyeIrritation

TinnitisDry-

MouthNosebleed

Throatirritation

CoughSOB

WheezingHeadache

Concentration

Memoryloss

DizzinessTinglinessNumbness

Anxiety/stressSleepIssues

Abdominal

Pain

Nausea

Dyspnea

/Dizziness

Palpitations

62

X X X

x

47 X

X X X X

X X X

X X X X

44 X X X X X X X X

X X x x X X X

42 X X

X X

X

X X

X

40 X

X X X X

X X X

X X X X

35 X

X

X

X X

x x

24 X

X X

X x x

18 X X

X

X

X

18 X X

X X

X

X X

X

17

X X X

X X

x

X

16

X X X

x

14

X

X

X x x

13

x x

9 X

X X

X x x

8 X

X

X

X X

x x

8

X X X

X X

x

X

8 X

x x

8

X

x x

6

X

x x

Related research on healthCategory Researcher/author

Behavioral/mood

/stress*

SWPA (on-going)

Earthworks (2012)

Ferrar et al. (2013)

Subra (2009)

Perry (2013)

Resick (2013)

Birth Outcomes Hill (2012)

McKenzie (2014)

Cancer risk McKenzie (2012)

Dermal* SWPA (on-going)

Earthworks (2012)

Subra (2009)

Ear, nose, mouth,

throat

Earthworks (2012)

Subra (2010)

Subra (2009)

Eye* SWPA (on-going)

Earthworks (2012)

Bamberger & Oswald

(2012)

Subra (2010)

Subra (2009)

Category Researcher/author

Gastrointestinal Earthworks (2012)

Bamberger & Oswald

(2012)

Ferrar et al. (2013)

High Blood

pressure

Subra (2010)

Muscle/joint pain* Earthworks (2012)

Subra (2010)

Subra (2009)

Neurological* SWPA (on-going)

Bamberger & Oswald

(2012)

Subra (2010)

Subra (2009)

Respiratory* SWPA (on-going)

Earthworks (2012)

Bamberger & Oswald

(2012)

Subra (2009)

References:• Michelle Bamberger and Robert E. Oswald, “Impacts of Gas Drilling on Human and Animal Health,” New Solutions 22(1): 51-

77, 2012.

• Earthworks. Nadia Steinzor, Wilma Subra, and Lisa Sumi. Gas Patch Roulette, October 2012, http://www.earthworksaction.org/library/detail/gas_patch_roulette_full_report#.Uc3MAm11CVo,

• KJ Ferrar, J Kriesky, CL Christen, LP Marshall, SL Malone, RK Sharma, DR Michanowicz, BD Goldstein, “Assessment and Longitudinal Analysis of Health Impacts and Stressors Perceived to Result from Unconventional Shale Gas Development in the Marcellus Shale Region,” International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2013, Apr-Jun; 19(2):104-12.

• Elaine L. Hill, “Working paper: Unconventional Gas Development and Infant Health: Evidence from Pennsylvania,” July 2012, The Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

• Lisa M. McKenzie, Roxana Z. Witter, Lee S. Newman, John L Adgate, “Human Health Risk Assessment of Air Emissions from Development of Unconventional Natural Gas Resources,” 2012, Science of the Total Environment, 424, 79-87.

• Lisa M. McKenzie, Ruixin Guo, Roxana Z. Witter, David A. Savitz, Lee S. Newman, and John L. Adgate, Birth Outcomes and Maternal Residential Proximity to Natural Gas Development in Rural Colorado, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vo. 122, Issue 4, April 2014,

• Simona L. Perry, “Using Ethnography to Monitor the Community Health Implications of Onshore Unconventional Oil and Gas Developments: Examples from Pennsylvania’s Marcellus Shale,” New Solutions, 2013, 23 (1), 33-54.

• Lenore K. Resick, Joyce M. Knestrick, Mona M. Counts, Lindsay K Pizzuto, “The Meaning of Health among Mid-Appalachian Women within the Context of the Environment” Journal of Environmental Studies and Science, 2013, DOI 10.1007/s13412-013-0119-y, published on-line, May

• Wilma Subra, “Community Health Survey Results: Pavilion, WY Residents,” 2010. http://www.earthworksaction.org/files/publications/PavillionFINALhealthSurvey-201008.pdf

• Wilma Subra, “Results of Health Survey of Current and Former DISH/Clark, Texas Residents” December 2009. Earthworks’ Oil and Gas Accountability Project, http://www.earthworksaction.org/files/publications/DishTXHealthSurvey_FINAL_hi.pdf

http://www.earthworksaction.org/library/detail/gas_patch_roulette_full_report

http://www.earthworksaction.org/files/publications/PavillionFINALhealthSurvey-201008.pdf

http://www.earthworksaction.org/files/publications/DishTXHealthSurvey_FINAL_hi.pdf

Rabinowitz et al (Yale), Environmental Health Perspectives Sept 2014

• Subjects: Randomly chosen, 180 households/494 individuals with a private water well in Washington County PA

• Exposure: 624 active natural gas wells in Washington County in 2012

• Study: Survey regarding health symptoms

Robert Donnan ©2011

Rabinowitz et al (Yale), Environmental Health Perspectives Sept 2014

ResultsRabinowitz et al, Environmental Health Perspectives Sept 2014

Compared to people living > 2 km from the nearest gas well, people living < 1 km away had a greater incidence of:

• Upper respiratory symptoms (18% vs. 39% )

• Skin symptoms (3% vs. 13%)

• Average number of reported symptoms (1.6 vs. 3.3)

Results were statistically significant even after adjustment for multiple factors.

2014 Birth Outcomes Study

• Birth Outcomes and Maternal Residential

Proximity to Natural Gas Development in

Rural Colorado, Environmental Health

Perspectives, Vo. 122, Issue 4, April 2014

• Lisa M. McKenzie, Ruixin Guo, Roxana Z. Witter, David A. Savitz, Lee S. Newman, and John L. Adgate

Conclusions

• “In this large cohort, we observed an association between density and proximity of natural gas wells within a 10-mile radius of maternal residence and prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) and possibly neural tube defects (NTDs). Greater specificity in exposure estimates are needed to further explore these associations.”

http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/122/1/ehp.1306722.pdf

• Measured ambient air hydrocarbon emissions– 163 measurements from

fixed monitoring station – 24 samples from perimeter

of well pads (130-500 feet from center) undergoing well completion

• Used EPA guidance to estimate non-cancer and cancer risks for residents living > 1/2 mile from wells and residents living < 1/2 mile from wells

Mckenzie et al. 2012 Study

Colorado Shale Viewer

Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources:National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA,

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CO_DIR_WELLS_10142014_Buffer

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Conclusions from Mckenzie et al. Study

• Residents closest to well pads have higher risks for respiratory and neurological effects based on their exposure to air pollutants.

• Residents living close to natural gas well are at higher excess lifetime risk for cancer than residents who live farther from the wells.

• Emissions measured by the fence line at well completion were statistically higher (p ≤ 0.05) than emissions at the fixed location station. These pollutants include benzene, toluene, and several alkanes.

Health Effects of UNGD Chemicals

• Theo Colborn, the founder of TEDX, and her co-authors published a paper in 2010 Natural Gas Operations from a Public Health Perspective.

• Colborn and her co-authors summarized health effect information for 353 chemicals used to drill and fracture natural gas wells in the United States.

• Colborn’s paper provides a list of 71 particular fracturing chemicals that are associated with 10 or more health effects.

TEDX Findings

• The four most common adverse health effects of the chemicals in the TEDX database are:

• (1) neurotoxicity

• (2) skin/sense organ toxicity

• (3) respiratory problems

• (4) gastrointestinal/liver damage

Conclusions: UNGD-related Potential Health Concerns

• Both chemical and non-chemical exposures produced by gas drilling activities pose health risks to human and animal residents of gas production areas.

• Rapid change resulting from introduction of gas drilling activities into rural communities carries risk of social disruption and mental health consequences.

Community and Social Impacts

of Shale Gas Extraction in Pennsylvania


• Disruption of daily routine by heavy truck traffic

• Increased cost of living, especially higher rental housing costs

• Higher incidence of crime

• Heavy use of health and social services

• More disputes between neighbors with differing opinions

• Loss of “sense of place/community”

• Contributions to communities by gas companies

• Increased economic activity


Social Impacts documented by social science researchers and journalists:

Social determinants of health represent the three categories:

-social environment, -physical environment/total ecology, and

-health services/medical care.

Frequently Asked Questions:http://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/FAQ.html


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What are social determinants of health?

They are factors related to health outcomes which include:

• How a person develops during the first few years of life• How much education a persons obtains • Being able to get and keep a job • What kind of work a person does • Having food or being able to get food (food security) • Having access to quality health services • Housing status • How much money a person earns • Discrimination and social support

Frequently Asked Questions:http://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/FAQ.html


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Traffic

Big trucks on small roads can create congestion, noise, dust, and odors even in sparsely populated areas

Courtesy of: www.fractracker.org


Housing:Impact on Rental Availability & Price

• The establishment of “man camps” for temporary workers

• Higher rents (in some locations increases of 100% and more)

• Those on “economic margins” increasing difficulty finding housing

Photo: http://www.texassharon.com/2009/10/08/chesapeake-energy-brings-a-man-camp-to-marcellus-shale/Source: MARCELLUS NATURAL GAS DEVELOPMENT’S EFFECT ON HOUSING IN PENNSYLVANIA (http://marcellus.psu.edu/resources/PDFs/housingreport.pdf) By J. Williamson and B. Kolb, Lycoming College


http://www.texassharon.com/2009/10/08/chesapeake-energy-brings-a-man-camp-to-marcellus-shale/

http://marcellus.psu.edu/resources/PDFs/housingreport.pdf

Crime and Pressure on Community Social Services

(many not yet measured and/or measureable)

• Increased rates of crime

• Drug and alcohol abuse

• Sexually-transmitted

infections (STIs)

• Domestic violence


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Community Tensions

• “Haves” and “Have Nots”

• “Old Timers” and “Newcomers”

• Losing “Sense of Place or Community”

http://ckilpatrick.weebly.com/thinker.html http://money.cnn.com/2011/05/09/news/economy/natural_gas_fracking_duke/index.htm

http://www.flickr.com/photos/29184238@N06/8488194752/


Economic Impacts

• Job creation in shale gas industry now and in future

• Job creation in “ancillary industries”

• Income from leasing of mineral rights

• Increased revenues for state and local governments

Positive

• Decrease in property values

• Increase in rental housing costs

• Losses experienced by non-related industries

Negative

Photo courtesy of: http://naturalgasresourcecenter.com/tag/marcellus-shale-jobs/


Job Creation

In 2013, the Multi-State Shale Research Collaborative, a joint effort of:• Pennsylvania Budget Policy Center, • Keystone Research Center (PA), • Fiscal Policy Institute in New York, • Policy Matters Ohio, • West Virginia Center on Budget & Policy, &• The Commonwealth Institute in Virginia

Between 2005 and 2012, less than four new direct shale-related jobs have been created for each new well drilled, much less than estimates as high as 31 direct jobs per well in some industry-financed studies.

http://www.multistateshale.org/shale-employment-report


http://www.multistateshale.org/shale-employment-report

Job Creation (continued)

Region-wide, shale-related employment accounts for just one out of every 794 jobs. By contrast, education and health sectorsaccount for one out of every 6 jobs.


Job Creation (continued)

Job growth in the industry has been greatest (as a share of total employment) in West Virginia. Still, shale-related employment is less than 1 percent of total West Virginia employment and less than half a percent of total employment in all the other states.


Income from Mineral Rights

http://marcellus.psu.edu/resources/PDFs/Economic%20Impact%20of%20Marcellus%20Shale%202009.pdfEconomic Impacts of Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania: Employment and Income in 2009

• Mineral rights owners collect – maybe as much as $1-2 million per well

• Landowners save or invest about 55 percent of total leasing dollars within the year, rather than spending them immediately

• They save or invest about 66 percent of all royalty dollars


Income from Mineral Rights

Journalist, Kevin Begos reported:

“In Pennsylvania alone, royalty payments could top $1.2 billion for 2012, according to an Associated Press analysis that looked at state tax information, production records and estimates from the National Association of Royalty Owners.”

Source: http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_GAS_DRILLING_ROYALTIES?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2013-01-27-17-43-51


http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_GAS_

Tax Collections from Act 13

• Legislation signed into law in 2012 assesses a per well user fee.

• Payments collected so far:

2012 $204.2 million 2013 $202.5 million 2014 $224.5 million

Photo courtesy of http://www.google.com/search?gs_rn=15&gs_ri=psyab&gs_mss=capitaol+b&suggest=p&cp=11&gs_id=16&xhr=t&q=capitol+building&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47244034,d.dmg&biw=1040&bih=703&wrapid=tljp1370371231259020&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=pTSuUdCkOZfl4AP5n4CYCQSource: Marcellus Shale Coalition, New Marcellus Shale Fee “Yields Higher-Than-Expected Revenue” (Sep 11, 2012) (available at http://marcelluscoalition.org/2012/09/new-marcellus-shale-fee-yields-higher-than-expected-revenue/); Navigating Shale Gas Development, 2014


http://marcelluscoalition.org/2012/09/new-marcellus-shale-fee-yields-higher-than-expected-revenue/

Influence on Property Values

• Concerns about groundwater risks associated with drilling "lead to a large and significant reduction in property values…“

• "These reductions offset any gains to the owners of groundwater-dependent properties from lease payments or improved local economic conditions, and may even lead to a net drop in prices.“

• Well drilling seems to have impacts on properties up to 2000 meters from a well -- more than a mile.

• Property value decrease estimated at 23.6% if property depends on private drinking water wells.

Photo courtesy of Shale Gas Development and Property Values, Differences across Drinking Water Sources, NBER Working Paper No. 18390, September 2012, http://www.nber.org/papers/w1839

Source: NBER Working Paper No. 18390, September 2012,http://www.nber.org/papers/w18390


http://www.nber.org/papers/w18390

Impacts on Unrelated Industries

Concern over loss of income in areas close to drilling

For example:

• Farmers in southwest Pennsylvania report deaths of cattle and stillborn calves in areas where fracking has occurred.

• Nature Conservancy and other PA conservation organizations

– estimated 38,000 - 90,000 acres of forest cleared for drilling by 2030

– Resulting loss of scenic beauty and recreational opportunities, wildlife habitat and air and water purification – may reach $27 million per year.

Statistics courtesy of: Flowback Water, WIKIMARCELLUS, http://waytogoto.com/wiki/indix.php/Flowback_waterTony Dutzik et al., PennEnvironment Research and Policy Center, The Cost of Fracking: The Price Tag of Dirty Drilling's Environmental Damage (2012) available at

http://penenvironmentcenter.org/sites/environment/files/reports/The%20Costs%20of%20Frackig%20vPA_0.pdf.Photo courtesy of http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-05-29/fracking-environment-gas/55845708/1


http://waytogoto.com/wiki/indix.php/Flowback_water

http://penenvironmentcenter.org/sites/environment/files/reports/The Costs of Frackig vPA_0.pdf

Impacts on local infrastructure

Degradation of roads through heavy use and overweight trucks occurs regularly in heavily drilled areas.

Courtesy of: www.fractracker.org


Traffic-Related Costs to Communities

Courtesy of:http://www.wcag-wv.org/A/Accidents/10-1223_Anthony/Anthony.htm


Social & Economic Impacts and Health

These social determinants of health can contribute to:

• Stress that directly impacts individuals’ health

• Change in physical and social environments that indirectly contribute to health problems


State Policy:

Topics addressed:

• Drilling setbacks from residences, businesses, streams, etc.

• Collection and distribution of user fees paid on per well basis

• Local governments’ ability to regulate drilling activities

• Chemical disclosures required by companies and access to proprietary data by medical professionals

Act 13, the comprehensive shale gas legislation signed into law in February 2012

Courtesy of: https://www.google.com/search?q=images+of+shale+gas+drilling+in+PA&client=firefox-a&hs=Oab&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=xOmsUZOFIerL0gHt7oHICA&ved=0CE4QsAQ&biw=1366&bih=664


redir.aspx?C=I3JWOF6Ysk6ppR4dnUv73ror6drTNNBIr__D5ojNypjdfVoQD53fSX8eh9VD_9aNlQUo2-JKPVU.&URL=https://www.google.com/search?q=images+of+shale+gas+drilling+in+PA&client=firefox-a&hs=Oab&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=xOmsUZOFIerL0gHt7oHICA&ved=0CE4QsAQ&biw=1366&bih=664

Marcellus Shale Commission’s Health Recommendations

• Collection and evaluation of clinical data

• Evaluation and assessment of Marcellus Shale-related environmental data

• Population-based health registry

• System to provide investigation of and response to concerns/complaints

• Education of health care providers on presentation and assessment of human illness

• Establishment of public education programs

For Department of Health Activity:


Photo courtesy of : DepositPhotos.com

These recommendations weren’t part of the law. Why not?

“In fact, the recommendations directly related to the Department of Health do not require legislation. They can be advanced through the agency’s traditional policy implementations – indeed, many already reflect what the department does day in and day out.”

-Patrick HendersonEnergy Executive, Office of the GovernorPittsburgh Post Gazette, 3/14/12


State Policy

Hydraulic fracturing chemical disclosure requirements:

• Limited availability of identity and amount of chemicalsclaimed to be confidential proprietary

• Medical emergency disclosure to health professional upon verbal acknowledgment

• Health professional provides written statement of need and confidentiality

Act 13 Provisions Related to HealthCourtesy of: DepositPhotos.com


Our Interpretation

Drs. Bernard Goldstein & Jill KrieskyUniversity of Pittsburgh GSPH

Pittsburgh Post Gazette, 3/12/12

“It is a breach of a physician’s responsibilities not to report a public health threat, as well as a contradiction of established public health practice and law.”

A physician may receive information about proprietary

chemicals, but must agree not to reveal this

information to the public, even if it is likely that the

same chemicals that made her/his patient sick are likely

to impact the health of others.

Photo Courtesy of: DepositPhotos.com


Companies Responsibility to ReportSection 3332.1(c)3:

A vendor, service provider or operator shall not be required to…

Disclose chemicals that may

• occur incidentally

• occur unintentionally in trace amounts

• be incidental result of chemical reactionor chemical process

• be constituents of naturally occurring materialsPhoto courtesy of: https://www.google.com/search?q=images+of+shale+gas+drilling+in+PA&client=firefox-a&hs=Oab&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=xOmsUZOFIerL0gHt7oHICA&ved=0CE4QsAQ&biw=1366&bih=664#client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US%3Aofficial&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=PROTEST+FRACKING&oq=PROTEST+FRACKING&gs_l=img.3..0i24.410999.414923.0.415254.16.11.0.5.5.0.66.486.11.11.0...0.0...1c.1.15.img.s84Fqt20MKA&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47244034,d.dmQ&fp=c6f2b15b3e959c13&biw=1307&bih=685


Whether or not intentional, our reading of this

language leads us to conclude that a company can withhold

information about chemicals that drilling brings up from

underground, including the natural gas constituents which

themselves can be toxic, and naturally occurring toxic agents

such as arsenic, barium, brine components and radioactive

compounds dissolved in the flowback water.

Our Interpretation

Drs. Bernard Goldstein & Jill Kriesky, University of Pittsburgh GSPH, Pittsburgh Post Gazette, 3/12/12

Photo courtesy of: http://fuelfix.com/blog/2012/04/12/docs-say-drilling-law-hurts-health/


EHP Air and Water

Monitoring

Projects

Ohio Environmental

Council

Raina RippelSWPA EHP DirectorNovember 7, 2014



UNGD Sources of Air Pollution

Fugitive

Emissions

Dehydration Vehicles/

Engines

Flaring Pits

Particulate

MatterX X X

Hydrogen

SulfideX X

Ozone O O O

CO X X

NOx X X

SO2 X X

VOCS X X X X X

BTEX X X X X X

Methane X X X

NORMs X X X


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Air Pollution, UNGD, & Health

Pulmonary Neurologic Reproductive Dermal Hematologic

Particulate

MatterX X

Hydrogen

SulfideX X X

Ozone O

CO X X

NOx X

SO2 X

VOCS X X X X X

BTEX X X X X X

Methane

NORMsX X X


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The Speck Air Monitor:

Developed by Carnegie Mellon University

CREATE Lab in 2013 to continuously record

particulate matter (PM2.5) levels


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Color coding for

Speck readings of

PM2.5 are based on

the US Air Quality

Index (AQI).

The Environmental

Protection Agency

sets AQI standards to

indicate air quality

levels that are

acceptable or

harmful for human

(http://specksensor.o

rg/what_is_speck)

EPA Air Quality Index


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EHP’s Speck Distribution Project

Specks placed in household and/or in protected outdoor area for ~3 weeks

Residents asked to track UNGD activities, other events that might generate high PM readings, and health symptoms experienced

Upon return of the Speck to EHP, Environmental Health Educator Ryan Grodegenerates report returned to the resident within 2 weeks

Speck Screenshot

The bottom shows the amount of time that has passed since the monitor was turned on

The colors on the left of the chart represent the EPA’s AQI (air quality index)

As time progresses, the monitor will allow you to visualize the spikes in particulate matter data that is being collected


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Health Effects of PM 2.5 Inhaling PM2.5 can

cause coughing or wheezing

Exposure over an extended amount of time can contribute or worsen illnesses such as asthma, heart diseases, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and pneumonia


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Air Pollution and Health


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Speck Monitoring ResultsThe following is a review of 20 citizens who have monitored air with Specks:

Note: Most spikes occurred from 10pm – 3am The fewest spikes occurred from 3am – 11am This data trend holds true at larger sampling sizes


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Peaks in Morning (3 A.M.-11 A.M.)

Peaks in Afternoon (11 A.M.- 5 P.M.)

Peaks in Evening (5 P.M.- 10 P.M.)

Peaks at Night (10 P.M.-3 A.M.)

Number

of spikes

in 1

month of

data

89 119 92 137

How’s the Weather?

EHP has designed an air exposure model called ‘How’s The Weather’ that is available to the public. The model is used to determine exposure levels throughout the day based upon weather patterns.

The ‘How’s the Weather’ program is often used alongside Speck monitoring to predict ahead of time if the results will be high or low.


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Water-related Concerns

UNGD-related water exposures are less

predictable than air.

Potential for drinking water contamination

from:

Chemicals (Man-made and natural)

Radioactivity

Microbes


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The CATTFish Water Monitor:

Developed by Carnegie Mellon University

CREATE Lab in 2013 to record conductivity

and temperature levels each time a reset

button is pushed.


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EHP CATTFish Distribution Project:

Sixty monitors distributed in Washington County, PA,

in collaboration with the Washington County

Watershed Association in 2013-14;

Process for recording data, receiving reports on

results similar to that for Specks described above;

EHP has additional 40 CATTFish to distribute now.

NEITHER THE CATTFISH NOR SPECK PROVIDE DATA

ON SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS, BUT INDICATE WHEN

FURTHER TESTING AND/OR ACTION MAY BE NEEDED!

What about

food/soil?


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Robert Donnan


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Next Steps for EHP:

Health intakes

Continue intakes possibly in expanded region;

Analyze aggregate results with monitoring results to

understand exposures relation to symptoms better

Air and water monitoring

Continue providing Specks and CATTFish possibly in

expanded region;

Analyze aggregate results to better describe

exposures


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More next steps for EHP:

Help residents cope with environmental changes;

Educate health care professionals about health

symptoms and potential causes; and

Provide community-based organizations with

health-related information to advocate for policy

changes.



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EHP’s Academic Partnerships

Academic internships

Collaboration or support for academic research projects

Semester-, summer-, and year-long

graduate and undergraduate internships

Why?

Leverage our funding;

Tap into expertise not represented on EHP team;

Prepare UNGD researchers of the future;

Become acquainted with future research partners.




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Semester-, summer-, and year-long graduate and

undergraduate internships (continued)

What do they do?

Assist with program development & delivery Air Modeling Train-the-trainer (2013)

Take Steps to Health (2013-14)

Conduct literature reviews for future

program development & publications Soil contamination lit review (2014)

International journal lit review on air contamination(2014)



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What do they do?

Data analysis CATTFish water quality data analysis (2014)

Health intake data analysis (current)

Program evaluation Speck usage interviews and survey (2014)

Tracking & analysis of inquiries to EHP (2013-current)



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Who are they?

University of Pittsburgh – School of Social Work (2)

University of Pittsburgh –School of Public Health(2)

Carlow University – School of Nursing

Chatham University – School of Sustainability

West Virginia University – School of Public Health

Northeastern University – Social Science

Environmental Health Research Institute

University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown – undergraduate

Wheeling Jesuit University -- undergraduate

EHP Collaboration and/or Support

for Academic Research Projects


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Why?

Interest in advancing knowledge about UNGD

health effects;

Opportunity to influence the focus of research;

Alternative methods or types of data collected &

analyzed.



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EHP Collaboration or Support for Academic Research (continued)

What projects?

Air, water, health survey data collection & analysis

Yale University Washington County study (2012)

University of Pittsburgh pilot project (2013)

University of Washington/Yale Exposure Response pilot

(2014)

Noise

Indiana University – Pennsylvania study (2014)



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EHP Collaboration or Support for Academic Research (continued)

What are the challenges?

Research fatigue;

Treatment as “research subjects”;

Failure to provide timely results;

Focus on publications over immediate needs of

community.



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EHP’s Community Partnerships

What projects?

Community education;

Health care provider education;

Low-cost air and water monitoring;

Information for advocacy.



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EHP’s Community Partnerships

Why?

Our two-way connection

to local communities

Our links to the national

community of interest

Similar projects & data

collection efforts



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Promising Community Collaborations (continued)

Community Education

Community at large

League of Women Voters (LWV) annual meetings

Wellness and Water Coalition (WV) annual meetings

Local impacted communities

Villa Maria Retreat Center and town meeting

Wheeling Jesuit University Appalachian Institute

community meeting



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Community Partnerships

Health Care Provider Education

Physicians, Scientists and Engineers for Healthy Energy

(PSE) on-line CME sessions (2012);

Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments (ANHE) mid-

Atlantic meetings (2013);

Washington County Medical Society (2014);

Ohio Environmental Council (today!).



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Low-cost water and air monitoring

Washington County Watershed Alliance CATTFishdissemination project (2013-14);

Marcellus Outreach-Butler, Mountain Watershed Alliance and FracTracker West Virginia assistance with distribution of Speck air monitors;

Earthworks collaboration on analysis of air emissions data;

Global Community Monitor, Public Lab and Louisiana Bucket Brigade Community-based Science for Action Conference.



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Information for advocacy

“Human Health Impacts of Marcellus Shale Gas Extraction: Where Do They Come From?” at PowerShift national conference, 2013;

“How the Fracking Industry Impacts our Water, Air, Food Supply, and Children’s Health” for Beaver County Marcellus Awareness Public Forum, 2014;

Research work group participation for Protect Our Children Coalition, ongoing;

Research support for the Mars and Fort Cherry Parent groups, ongoing.

Where to go for more information:
