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Presentation by Isam Shahrour of the role of Smart Cities in the sustainable development. Conference IPEEC « Energy and Environmental Protection », Hebron, October 2013
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An innova(ve strategy for sustainable development: Smart and Sustainable City
Professor Isam SHAHROUR Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-‐Environnement (LGCgE)
Université Lille1/Polytech’Lille
Conference « Energy and Environmental ProtecBon » Hebron, October 2013
Sustainability : major Interna(onal concerns
Reduc(on of the greenhouse gas emission requires: -‐ Improve the quality of construcBon and infrastructure -‐ Use proper technology -‐ Use more and more renewable energy
The city contributes to 80% of the greenhouse gas emission
Huge investment ??
Could the Smart City contribute to raise the challenges of sustainability in the City (in the world) ?
City Challenges
ICT
Informa(on and communica(on technology (ITC) Revolu(on:
Q1 : Why the city?
Q3 : How “Smart City” can contribute to build the sustainable City ?
Q2 : The main city challenges?
3 Ques(ons
Why the City ?
W.E. Webb, former mayer of Denver, Colorado: • The 19th century was a century of empires • The 20th was a century of naBon states • The 21st century will be a century of ciBes
Concentra(on in large ci(es
Mexico, 23 millions
Le Caire, 16 Millions PARIS, 12 millions
15 Ci(es > 15 Millions
30 Ci(es > 10 Millions
75 Ci(es > 5 Millions
240 Ci(es > 2 Millions
1950 2015
World population increase
Rural
Urban
The City, a high concentra(on of the:
• PopulaBon, • AcBvity (industry, services,…) • ConsumpBon (75 % of the electrical Energy) • ProducBon of polluBon (80% of CO2)
The City: transformaBon system
Input Ø Energy Ø water Ø food Ø Raw materials Ø Manufactured
goods Ø InformaBon
Output Ø Wastes
Ø Air polluBon Ø Water polluBon Ø Greenhouse gases Ø noise Ø brownfields
Reduc(on ?? Reduc(on ?? Recycling
Proper technology Op(mal management
• Water (distribu(on and sewage) • Energy (gas, electricity, district hea(ng) • Telecommunica(ons,
Urban Networks: the vein of the city
• Buried (invisible, ...) • Mixed (old and new, some more than 150
years old) • Huge investment and opera(ng costs • high interdependence
Networks in Jakarta were designed for one million In 2011, the city has more than 18 million
Network may be undersized:
In some ciBes, water leakage could reach 40%
Water network, France
About 900 000 km of pipes Yearly investment (billion $)
Q1 : Why the city?
Q3 : How “Smart City” could contribute to build the sustainable City ?
Q2 : The main city challenges?
3 Ques(ons
Water
Housing
Energy
Pollu(on
City Challenges
Transporta(on
Governance
Urban challenges
Energy challenges High consumpBon (transport, industry, domesBc, ) But with limited resources
Energy consump(on (2005)
(%)
Transport
Industrie
Buildings
Tokyo (2005)
Mexico (2006)
London (1999)
Shanghai (2007)
Energy : Security (Black out)
Blackout: • Italy 2003, 55 Million • Indonesia 2005, 100 Million
United States, 2003 50 Million people 24 hours for full recovery
Economic Cost : $6 to $10 billion
Consom
maB
on journalière
Electrical Network : reduce the peak consumpBon
Air pollu(on in Europe : Cost up to € 170 billion in 2009
Impact on the environment : Co2, Climate change, global Warming
Access to drinking water :
Water Quality ?
Water Chalenges
Water leakage : 20% of the water supply in some ci(es about 40%
Water Sewage
Par(cipatory governance challenges
Q1 : Why the city?
Q3 : How “Smart City” could contribute to build the sustainable City ?
Q2 : The main city challenges?
3 Ques(ons
Smart City Concept
• Smart monotoring • Communication • Data storage and processing
Smart sensors
Smart city allows • Real-time monitoring (see the invisible network) • Rapid action in the case of an abnormal event
(leakage, contamination, overload,..) • Optimal management of resources • Develop predictive models
Smart Energy system, op(mal management
Produc(on
Storage Smart Grid
Energy Consump(on
Smart water system: • Leakage detec(on • Contamina(on detec(on (health, ...) • Pipes localiza(on • Evolu(on of physical and mechanical
proper(es (deforma(on, corrosion, biofilm, .....)
• Op(miza(on of the energy consump(on
Rio : Smart system to prevent landslides disaster
Stockholm : Traffic Conges(on
City traffic decrease by 18% CO2 emission decrease 14-‐18 %
Smart City Implementa(on
Objec(ves
Diagnos(c
• Actors – Governing • DiagnosBc of infrastructures • Data collecBon (system operaBng data,…) • Funding, economic model
Needs • Governing • Monitoring • Sonware (data processing, supervision, learning
machine, opBmizaBon,..)
ImplementaBon calendar : Stage N (N =1, M)
• Monitoring • Sonware (data processing, supervision, learning
machine, opBmizaBon, • ValidaBon, preliminary ExploitaBon
Smart System Exploita(on
Presenta(on of SunRise Project : Smart Urban Network Demonstrator for Sustainable city
I) Methodology – History CreaBon of an academic, professional and local government partnership : researches and innovaBon on « Sustainable City »
1) Interna(onal Chair posi(on supported by the Region (2008 – 2011), followed by an industrial chair posiBon (Eaux du Nord /Suez)
2) Three interna(onal workshops (2010, 2011, 2012) with academic, professional and local authori(es «InnovaBon – sustainable urban infrastructures »
1) The opBmal management of urban networks consBtutes a major challenge for sustainable ciBes: • Natural Resources saving (energy, water, ..) • Safety, public health, .. • AsracBveness and economic development • RaBonalizaBon of investments in urban infrastructures
Conclusions and recommenda(ons:
2) The "smart city" concept is per(nent Technology reached a level of maturity to deal with the city challenges
Need of «Smart City » demonstrators at per(nent scale to check : • The governance (operators, authori(es, users, ..) • The integra(on of 'heterogeneous' technology and services • The per(nence of technological and non-‐technological innova(ons • The networks interdependence (water, electrical, district hea(ng, gas, ...) • The economic model
Small town: • 110 Hectares • 23 000 users • 70 km of Urban Network • 140 Buildings (300 000 m2 )
II: Presenta(on Scien(fic Campus (Lille1 University)
C1 – Chimie Enseignement (1966)
Polytech’Lille Ens. & Rech. (2000)
Data collec(on : 3D graphic model (network and buildings)
70 km of networks • Water • District Hea(ng • Gas • Electrical ( HV, LV) • Public light
InnovaBon centers • Pole Ubiquitaire § CITC –EURARFID § PRN § Image,…
Local authority: • AMGVF • LMCU, • Region,
InternaBonal: • W-‐Smart • Unites states (NYU) • Netherland (KWR,
Vitens) • Great Britain • Spain
SunRise
Operators : • Eaux du Nord (Suez Environnement) • Eau de Paris • Dalkia • IBM • Lille Métropole Habitat (LMH)
Starts-‐up: stereograph, Nooliqc, Madetech, Effigenie, E(neo, Calm-‐water
Research laboratories (IT, Civil Eng. Economy, InstrumentaBon,…)
EducaBon programs: Master degree in urban Engineering, Smart Gird, Creacity,..
Water
-‐ Leakage -‐ Quality -‐ Water/Energy
• Commun Laboratory (CEA, W-‐Smart, KWR)
• Industrial Chair • European Project:
SmartWater4Europe (GB, Netherland, Spain)
• 2 major projects : Paris Water, North Water, W-‐Smart, CEA, KWR,…
Energy
-‐ Op(mal management -‐ Security -‐ Renewable Energy
• Dalkia : District hea(ng • LMH : Social housing • Eiffage : Electrical Grid
Informa(on system and sovware tools
Start-‐Ups : Stereograph, Nooliqc, Madetech, Effigenie, E(neo, Calm-‐water
Smart Urban networks Demonstrator (SunRise)
SunRise – Energy
• Analysis of the energy system of the campus : consumpBon, resources and distribuBon.
• Building consumpBon profile • AdaptaBon of energy producBon to energy demand • IntegraBon of mulB-‐energy sources
Smart Grid – District heating (20 km)
Distric Hea(ng network
Building P1
Real Time monotoring : Energy heat consump(on
43 %
61 %
EUDIL G
C1, C3 ,C4
IUT
M1
SN1,2,3 P5
P1 + cul
EUDIL G
IUT
M1
P1
P5 C1
SN
External Temperature (°)
Energy Consump(on
Building C1
Sector control according to the use and internal parameters
Control at the Hea(ng Exchange sta(on
SunRise -‐ Water
-‐ Leakage -‐ Water quality – Health impact
Partnership • Eaux du Nord, Eaux de Paris, CEA-‐List • W-‐Smart, • KWR, Vitens, Acciona, Thames, Calwater (Calm-‐ Energie)
2013 : European Project (FP7) SmartWater4Europe 4 demonstrators En Europe (10 M € )
4 European demonstrators (Smart Water network) • Leakage • Quality • Water – Energy • End-‐users
Drinking water network – 16 m About 50 years old
Meshed network 16 km 77 ARM 145 Buildings
Linear loss index (m3/J/Km) • 2011: 12.7 • 2012 : 8.12
I) Water Consump(on Analysis The Water network : geometry and supply
!Cité!Scien*fique!(5)!!!
4!Cantons!
ECL!!
M5!
Bachelard!
Meshed network 16 km 77 ARM 145 Buildings
Analysis of the water Consump(on by sector
!
(I) Working Days
Daily C7 Building Consump(on:
Hourly C7 consump(on:
Registerd data Simplified modeling
Work under progress : 1) Monitoring
• Water : flow, pressure, quality, flow and pressure controllers • HeaBng : Internal parameters (Temperature, humidity, air
quality,..), controllers 2) Sovware development:
• data processing, supervision, • learning machine, opBmizaBon,…
3) ValidaBon, exploitaBon
The concept of “smart city” offers great opportuniBes: • Recent, with low experience feedback • MulBdisciplinary, mulB actors • Need of pilot projects to develop “collec(ve” experience
Conclusion
Thank you