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Linkages and synergies between
energy access and food security
at household level
SIANI Expert Group
Caroline Ochieng, PhD
Research Fellow, Stockholm Environment Institute
SIANI Annual Meeting
January 21, 2015
Expert group goal
To bring to public attention the unexplored links between energy access and food security; and to identify research, policy and implementation gapsFocus
areas of the expert
group
Food production
Example: Joint Food-Energy
production systems
Food Processing
Example: Food wastes used in agroprocessing
Food Utiliastion
Example: Energy efficient wood stoves
that also produce biochar for boosting
farm productivity
Sweden/
Europe
Stockholm Environment Institute
SLU – Crop Production Ecology
SLU Cassava Initiative
Swedish Church
Africa ICRAF, Kenya
Practical Action, Kenya
LUANAR, University of Malawi
Kumasi Institute of Technology & Environment (Ghana)
Global Kande Yumkellah
SE4All
FAO regional office for Africa
Membership
Activites
• Consolidate information on synergies and links between energy access and food security – literature review
• Bring to public attention the unexplored links between energy access and food security – workshops, publications
• Facilitate on the ground knowledge exchange and capacity building – Exchange visits
• Suggest areas for future interdisciplinary research –research proposals, expert advice to funding calls
Motivation: Energy access in situation in sub-
Saharan Africa
http://www.who.int/indoorair/publications/PowerPoint_Energy_Access_paper-lr.pdf
Global/regional
Local harvesting
Household use
SafetyDrudgery
Time useHealth
Personal security
Deforestation
Reduced education of children
Time use of women
Tropospheric ozone
Climate change
Outdoor particle pollution
Glacier melting
Documented impacts
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Missing link: energy access and food
security
Food security exists “when all people
at all times have access to sufficient,
safe, nutritious food to maintain a
healthy and active life” World Food
Summit, 1996
Key components
Storage: Food wastes and food poisoning
Processing: Long walks and long queues
Utilisation: cooking smoke and ill-health
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Activity 1: Review of impacts of energy access on
household food security and nutrition
Phosiso Sola (CIFOR) Muyuki Iliyama (ICRAF)
Caroline Ochieng (SEI) Jummai Yila (AFF)
Hypotheses
• Dietary choices and cooking practices are influenced by access to energy
• Poor access to cooking fuel leads to reallocation of household resources, either time or money, to procurement of fuel rather than food
• Lack of energy impacts of productivity e.g. through switch to agricultural residues, making them unavailable for agriculture
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Methodology – systemmatic review
Article search and screening• Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar
• Title and abstract screening -170
• Full text 127
Criteria for selection• Focus on SSA and energy (all forms)
• Link to energy /food security/nutrition and
gender and or Livelihoods
• All articles; whether published as journals or
project reports.
Articles selected for review
• Picture?
Key findings
• Very few studies addressed both energy access and food security. Only one food and nutrition study addressed energy access.
• Results inconclusive due to few studies, and only one clearly addressed the link between fuel availability and household food choices.
• But ...several studies show that people adjust livelihoods to cope with fuelwood scarcity ...in ways that have been shown to impact on food security
Conclusion and
Recommendations • “Clearly, there is a strong argument in favour of further
research [on food-fuel connection], not to settle an academic question, but rather to help define directions for future action both in terms of increasing fuelwoodproduction and improving nutrition” – FAO, 1990.
• Prevailing uncertainty needs to be urgently addressed; it leads to assumptions that there is no link between energy access and food security, and missed opportunity for addressing the goals jointly.
• Lack of evidence should be interprated as lack of research; not lack of association
Next steps
Literature reviews
• Publication: Links between energy access and food security in sub Saharan Africa: An exploratory review, led by CIFOR - January 30, 2015
• Publication of policy brief on Opportunities for joint food and energy production in Malawi – January 30, 2015
• Review on waste recycling to maximize energy and food output, led by SLU – Ongoing; February 28, 2015
Meetings
• Breakfast dialogues with policy makers/stakeholders (Malawi, Kenya, Stockholm) – March 30, 2015
• Stakeholder workshop – April 30, 2015
Research proposals
• Ongoing
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Thank You
http://www.siani.se/expert-groups/food-security-and-energy-access