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Funded by
Thesunasenergysource
• Thesolarcomponents• Radiationcanbetransmitted,
absorbed,orscattered bytheatmosphere
• Threefundamentalcomponentsofsolarradiation:global,direct,anddiffusesolarradiation.
• InCSPonlydirectradiationisused
• DNI:DirectNormalIrradiation
Funded by
Thesunasenergysource
Advantages• Abundant andrenewable
• Geographicallydistributed
• Highexergy content
Disadvantages• Intermittent
• Variable
• Relativelylowsurfacedensity
Funded by
CSPTechnology:thebasics
• Whyconcentration?Efficiency(%)
Operatingtemperature(K)
SolartothermalThermaltowork
Solartowork
• Thermallossesofthereceiverdependmainlyontwoparameters:Area &Temperature
• Thermodynamic cycleefficiencydependsmainlyonTemperature
• IfIwanttoincreasethetemperatureinordertoincreasethethermodynamiccycleefficiency…
• …Theonlywaytokeepthesamethermallossesistoreducethearea…
• Thatmeansconcentration!
Funded by
CSPTechnology:thebasics
• Whyconcentration?• Relationshipbetween:Temperature,
EfficiencyandConcentration.
Funded by
CSPTechnologyoptions
• LinearFocus– 2D(max.C~100)
LinearFresnel
Absorber tube and secondary concentrator
Flat or slightly curved reflector
Parabolic Trough
Funded by
CSPTechnology:options
• PointFocus– 3D(max.C~ 10000)
ParabolicDish/Engine(Stirling)CentralReceiver(Tower)
Funded by
CSPTechnologyoptions
• SummaryCentral Receiver
(C~200-1000)Dish Stirling
(C~1000-2000)
Parabolic Trough(C ~50)
Funded by
CSPTechnologyoptions
Parabolic Trough
CentralReceiver(Tower) ParabolicDish(Stirling)
Absorber tube and secondary concentrator
Flat or slightly curved reflector
LinearFresnel
Funded by
ParabolicTrough
• SolarCollector
AbsorberTube
ParabolicshapedreflectorSteelStructure
Pylons Foundations
Funded by
ParabolicTrough
• SolarCollector• CollectorSize
o Width:5to5,76m,
o Length:100or150m
• Loop
o 600or800m,
o 4x150mor8x100m
Funded by
ParabolicTrough
• Absorbertube
Steelpipewithselectivecoating
Glasscover
'Getter'tokeep andmaintainthevacuum Expansionbellows
GlasspintoevacuatetheairVacuumbetweentheglasscover
andthesteelpipe
Glass-to-Metalwelding
Funded by
ParabolicTrough
• Plantschemes:Withoutstorage
Steamgenerator
.
Deaerator
Reheater
Oilexpansion vessel
Auxiliarheater
Solarcollectors
Steamturbine
Condenser
Preheater
295ºCoil
390ºCoil
104bar/371ºCsteam
OilCircuit
17bar/371ºCsteam
G
Funded by
ParabolicTrough
• Plantschemes:With(indirect)thermalstorage
Steamgenerator
. Deaerator
ReheaterOil expansion vessel
Steam turbine
Condenser
Preheater
Superheated steam
Reheated steam
GMolten salts
(hot tank)
Sol
ar F
ield
Molten salts(cold tank)
Steamgenerator
. Deaerator
ReheaterOil expansion vessel
Steam turbine
Condenser
Preheater
Superheated steam
Reheated steam
GMolten salts
(hot tank)Molten salts
(hot tank)
Sol
ar F
ield
Molten salts(cold tank)
Molten salts(cold tank)
Funded by
ParabolicTrough
• Plantschemes:ISCC(IntegratedSolarCombinedCycle)
Gasturbine124MW
Steamturbine94MW
Condenser
Steam540°C,100bar
StackExhaust100°C
395°C
Electricitytothegrid
ParabolicTrough field
295°C
Storage
Airandvapour
Air Air
G~
HRSGSolarHX
CoolingTower
G~
Funded by
CSPTechnologyoptions
Parabolic Trough
CentralReceiver(Tower) ParabolicDish(Stirling)
Absorber tube and secondary concentrator
Flat or slightly curved reflector
LinearFresnel
Funded by
LinearFresnel
• SolarCollector
§ Red line shows one LFR module (1733 m2)
1.1 m
31 m77.5 m
10 m
3 m2.25 m
13 m
Funded by
LinearFresnel
• Solarfield
• Minimizesterrainusage
• Maximizesproduction
• Landoccupationfactor71%(PT<30%)
Funded by
CSPTechnologyoptions
Parabolic Trough
CentralReceiver(Tower) ParabolicDish(Stirling)
Absorber tube and secondary concentrator
Flat or slightly curved reflector
LinearFresnel
Funded by
CentralReceiver(Tower)
• HeliostatdevelopmentsBright Source 15m2
ATS150 m2
EASY 3-7 m2CESA 40m2
SANLUCAR 120 m2
Funded by
CSPTechnologyoptions
Parabolic Trough
CentralReceiver(Tower) ParabolicDish(Stirling)
Absorber tube and secondary concentrator
Flat or slightly curved reflector
LinearFresnel
Funded by
ParabolicDish(Stirling)
• Engine(Stirlingengine)• Theoreticalefficiency=CarnotEfficiency
• Realefficiencies40%.
Funded by
Conclusions
• ConcentratingsolarthermaltechnologiesarenotNEW– Proveofconceptinthe80’s(demonstrationandcommercial)– Largenumberofcommercialexperiencessincethelast10years– Fourmaintechnologiesalreadyavailable,severaltechnologicaloptions.
• Theyhaveahugepotential.
• WhatistheChallenge?– ThechallengeistoproduceelectricityfromConcentratingThermalSolar
Technologiesatacompetitivecost.