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City Of Kolkata ,My City, City of Billions for last 320 years,is on process of collapse in terms of its Natural Resources: Land and Water, Greenery and Space.Can we try to make it Sustainable?
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“Applying GIS to Urban Issues in Kolkata“
Focus:
Urban water management
WHOSE Water We Are
Suppose to Manage?
My City
Kolkata is now a Megacity
• the greater Kolkata extending over 1851 sq. km. and holding a population of about 15 million. The Kolkata megaity is bisected by Hooghly river over a length of about 80 km
• southern fringe of Kolkata and the bay (Diamond Harbour) is about 30 km. and as such Kolkata always has the risk of storm surge during the monsoon through river Hooghly streched over a period of four months.
• Kolkata has witnessed series of events involving social and economic changes
• The lack of infrastructure and improper drainage managemnet makes the metro city population quite vulnarable for any events related to flood or water level rise
The Study Area :
The study was planned by World Bank to be carried out in Kolkata. Kolkata is selected
• Because of its size (second largest city in India),
• Level of vulnerability (e.g., the slum population is one third of its total population)
and lives and livelihoods at risk. • In addition, ‘integrated coastal zone
management’ and the ‘capacity building for industrial pollution management’ projects.
Part of the assignment Described in this Paper
• Detailed knowledge of past and present
situations • Establish representative baseline scenario • Visual interactive tool i.e., in a GIS platform
with appropriate projection• Prepare a database of topography (DEM), land
use/land cover, soils, population density, map of special economic zones, biodiversity, locations of important historical sites for coastal basin, including urban watershed, at appropriate spatial resolution
• Climate data
• Storm level and storm surge cyclones
• Land subsidence
• Sea Level Rise (SLR) and tidal heights.
• Urban storm flooding
How the Land Use Changed
1. Urban area 26% to 44%,2. Rural Area 21% to 12%,3. Wet land 14% to 5.5%, 4. Vacant land4% to 0.5%.5. Vegetation 0.5% to 2% and 6. Agriculture 25% to 36%( mainly due to acquisition the
adjoing area.
The area of Kolkata Metropolitan increased from 1552 Sq Km to 1722 Sq Km.
Urban Area
Urban Area
Rural AreaRural Area
Vacant Area
Vacant Area
Vegetation
Vegetation
Agricultural Field
Agricultural Field
Predominat Wetlands
(East Kolkata)
Predominat Wetlands
(East Kolkata)
Land Use Pattern Analysis (KMA)Land Use Pattern Analysis (KMA)
Year 1980 – 86 ( 1527 sq.km.) Year 2005 (1722 sq.km.)
Urban AreaUrban Area Rural AreaRural Area WetlandsWetlands VegetationVegetation Agricultural FieldAgricultural Field Vacant LandVacant Land
KalyaniKalyani
BanshberiaBanshberia
UluberiaUluberia
HowrahHowrah
BarasatBarasat
BarrackporeBarrackpore
KolkataKolkata
BaruipurBaruipur
Kal
yani
Kal
yani
Barrackpore
Barrackpore
Baras
at
Baras
at
Kolkat
a
Kolkat
a
Maheshtala
Maheshtala
Baruip
ur
Baruip
ur
KMA ULB Water supply Type
24
262
17
222
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
GW
POPULATION/1000
GW,SW
POPULATION/1000
Ground Water
Surface and Ground Water
Ward Wise Open SpaceKMC
DATA NOT AVAILABLE
Open Space
Looking back…..
• Water extraction in an unplanned manner decreases the water reserve and peizoteric surface delines
• Water extraction in an unplanned manner decreases the water reserve and peizoteric surface delines
Piezometric Depression: KMC area
7m - 10m
Figure 12
HIGHEST RISK AREA
HIGH RISK AREA
MODERATE RISK AREA
KMC RISK WARDS
The supply end ….what we discussed• The source-the quality-the stock-the management and-the
supply
The Other side of water management
The Drainage….it also need to be seen• The type-the outfall-the present status
Name of Catchment BasinArea of Catchment new
(Sq. Km)Total Population
(As per census 2001)
Howrah Drainage Channel 118 1626615
Rajapur Drainage Channel 68.21 327241
Borajala Drainage Channel 55.8 216646
•Dankuni Drainage Channel 210 1239548
Bagher Khal 92.48 401,952
Nawi Khal 114 2304613
Beliaghata Khal and Bangur Cut 220 4223266
•Kaorapukur Khal Charial Khal and Boat Canal
176 2,046,894
•Tolly's Nala 16 583847
•Panchammgram Cannel 46.13 926281
Details of Drainage Basin of Kolkata Metropolitan Area
Details of Drainage Basin of Kolkata Metropolitan Area
LAND FORM MAP OF
KOLKATA METROPOLITAN AREA
Dankuni Drainage channel
Panchannagram Drainage Channel
Tally Nala
Kaorapukur, Charial Khal and Boat Canal
Shrinkage of Drainage basins
Type/Year Habitat Land
Wet land Agriculture Land
1922 30% 17% 53%
2004 70% 10% 12%
Increase in habitat Land more than 100% since 1947
Few Major concerns• High Rise Buildings
and
• Uneven decadal growth rate
MAP SHOWING WARD WISE POPULATIONDECADAL GROWTH RATE OF
KOLKATA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION 1991--2001
DIAMETERDIAMETER
DIAMETERDIAMETER
Settlement in the Basin areas causing hindrance to water flowAbsence of sewage disposal system in the newer settlements caused pollution to streams and rivers.
Ground water can no more be considered as a unlimited water source for domestic use, as over extraction has resulted in deterioration and contamination of aquifer.
HOW ARE WE PLACED NOW
IT is time for all of us
to act together
to make up the loss we made……
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair . . ."
Charles Dickens (A Tale of Two Cities).