Cover slide option 1 Title HOUSEHOLD SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN PERI-URBAN FAISALABAD,

PAKISTAN

Peiruban 14,

Priyanie Amerasinghe, IWMI, IndiaWaqas Ahmed, IWMI, PakistanRobert Simmons, Cranfield University, UK

Periurban 14, UWS, Australia8-10 July 2014

Content Objectives Site characteristicsMethodsResults and Discussion

Objective: To study the influence of sanitation infrastructure on the quality of water in drinking water bore wells in two peri-urban villages namely, Kehala and Chakera, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

• Villages are next to the city of Faisalabad an industrial city• Mixed livelihoods. Agriculture is common• Chakera – Has a Wastewater Stabilization Pond and depends on WW

for agriculture • Kehaala - depends on ground water

Hand Pump Latrine system The water samples were tested for selected water quality parameters, such as pH, EC and TDS, ammonia, bicarbonate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, hardness and faecal coliforms/E.coli.

National Program for Family Planning and Primary health care:Lady Health Workers

  HH HH %Class of disposal category/no unit Kehala Chakera Kehala Chakera

PFS > 9 m 13 15 4 5PFS 6 - 9 m 47 22 15 7PFS 3 - 6 m 147 91 47 30PFS < 3 m 74 72 23 24PFD 8 39 3 13PFN 5 0 2 0Total No 294 239 93 79OD 22 64 7 21Total No 316 303 100 100

PFS-Flush system/pit; PFD - Flush system/drain; PFN - Flush system/network;OD - open defecation

Status of on-site sanitation systems

Distance between latrines and bore wells

Kehala Chakera

N=316 N=303

Average distance = 4.8±4.3 m (Kehala) and 4.0 ±3.3 m (Chakera)

Distribution of E. coli in domestic water

• pH = desirable range of 6.5 – 8.0. (WHO)

• Hardness = not significantly different <500 mg/L

• TDS = Chakera - 1000 mg/L (1746.86 - 2322.66 mg/t (mean ± 0.37). (p= 0.0005)

• Nitrate = 43 mg/L, (p=0.005),

Water Quality – Physico-chemical

Distribution of Parasites (concentration method)

0

5

10

15

20

AL EC EH EV GL HN HW TS TT

Parasite Species

% In

fect

ion

Chakera WW

Kehala CW

AL– A. lumbricoides

EC– E. coli

EH– E. histolytica

EV– E. verrmicularis

GL- G. lamblia

HN- H. nana

HW- Hook worm

TS- T. saginata

TT- T. trichura

Conclusions • Primary drinking water source was ground

water• A strong association between the ground water

quality (microbial contamination) and the distance to the on-site sanitation disposal unit.

• Bore wells placed too close to the hand pumps used for domestic purposes

• General sanitation standards were poor• Awareness on sanitation and drinking water is

essential to reduce ground water contamination• WSA should enforce the standards for water

and sanitation infrastructure.

Thank you

p.amerasinghe@cigar.org