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PRESENTED BY
ASEEM.B
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SP FORT COLLEGE OF
NURSING
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
POISONING
Relax……………………….
POISONA Poison is any chemical that harms the
body
It can be
-Accidental
-Occupational
-Recreational
-Intentional (killing)
-Natural or Manufactured toxins
Bio weapon poisoning
Mode of Absorption Ingestion Inhalation InjectionSplashing in to the eyeAbsorbed through the skin (Inuction) Insufflation (the act of blowing gas or a powder in to a
body cavity)
Main types of poisonsAcids AlkaliesMedicationMetal poisoningOrganophosphorous poisoningPetroleum productsOils
Acids Nitric acidsH2SO4HCLCarbolic acidAcetic acid
AlkaliesDrain cleanersDishwashing – detergents,
ammoniaBleaches
Medication Aspirin & Aspirin containing
medicationsNSAIDSHallucinogen BarbituratesAlcohol (in homeo treatment : spirit)
Metal poisoningIronCopperCyanideLeadEthylene glycol
Arsenic poisoning
OP poisoningInsecticides naphthalenePesticidesOpiumCastor oilMushroomTobaccoCannabis
baby with birth defects attributable to pesticides (PBP)
Spraying insecticides
Cerbera_odollam
Winai Wananukul, Ramathibodi Poison Center
What is Acute Organophosphate & Carbamate Poisoning ?
State of Acetylcholine Excess
It is a combination of◦Muscarinic receptor◦Nicotinic receptor◦CNS (unspecified)
Clinical ManifestationMuscarinic effectsNicotinic effectsGeneral symptoms
MUSCARNIC EFFECTS (antidote : atropine)- Miosis- Salivation- Bradycardia- Diarhoea- Sweating- Pulmonary edema- hypersecretion
NICOTINIC EFFECTS(antidote : Pralidoxime -PAM)Fasciculation(brief spontaneous
contraction of a few muscle fibers)
Muscle paralysisCNS symptoms- Coma- Bradycardia- Hypotension- Respiratory depression
General symptomsConvulsionsCrepitations in the chest for evidence of
aspiration (soft fine crackling sound heard in the lungs through the sthethescope)
HypotensionBradycardiabradypnoea
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION
Diagnosis
diagnosisHistory (bystanders, patient is
able/conscious if )Respiration and cyanosisCondition of skinSize of the pupil – small in OP poisoning
and large in cocaineSmell near the patient and gastric content
ManagementCatheterisation, RT, establish
patent airwayIV line vascular access, gastric
lavageAdministration of activated
charcoal orally or via gastric tube within 60 minutes of poison ingestion. Many toxins adhere to charcoal and excreted through GI tract rather than absorption in to the circulation
TOXIC
ANTIDOTES
Muscarinic EffectsHeart rateSweating SecretionPupils
Atropine
Nicotinic EffectsMotor Power
+ (Muscarinic Effects)
2 PAM
Medical managementAtropine sulphate1ml=0.6mg5 ampule iv bolusAtropine infusionAtropinisation-delirium-restlessness-mydriasis(dilated and
fixed pupil)-decreased secretion-fever, tachycardia,
dryness of tongue
Pralidoxime(PAM)1-2gm IV statRepeat every
8hoursit is most effective within 24 hours of consuming poison
- Antibiotics(prevent UTI and respiratory infection)
- H2 receptor antibiotics
- IV fluids Multivitamin
Skin and outer decontaminationIt involves the removal of toxins from
eyes and skin using copious amount of water or saline
Dry substances should be brushed from the skin
Remove the clothes before water is used(personal protective devices should be
used like goggles gowns respirators etc)
Bowel managementCathartics (sorbitol) are given together
with the first dose of charcoal to stimulate intestinal motility.
Whole bowel irrigation involves the administration of bowel evacuant solution(eg: goly-tely).this solution is administered every 4-5hrs until stool are clear.
It is effective for swallowed objects for cocaine filled baloon or condoms, and heavy metals such as lead and mercury
Baloon filled coccaine
Hemodialysis (severe acidosis patients) for eg methanol, lithium, phenobarbitone poisoning
Alkanization – sodium bicarbonate administration raise the pH greater than 7.5
Chelation therapy for heavy metals poisoning. We will give edetate calcium disodium (calcium EDTA)
IV Fluids – multivitamin and correction of electrolyte.
Check ABG daily
GeneralEducation to toxic emergenciesOccupational safety and health
administrationMental health counsellorAlcohol /drug detoxification
Nurses responsibilityInform policeReport MLCCollect information from the
surrounding persons/bystandersPreserve the suspending material
like bottle containing pills or liquid
Preserve the vomited material.
MLC is important….
Thank you for listening :-)
Thank uuuu…….Relaxxx