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05/02/2023
1
NON CONVENTIONALMETHODS TO
MANAGESTORED PRODUCT
PEST
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2
INTRODUCTION To ensure consumer demand Related to association of ingredients
and formulations in storage and processing
Closest application to food production Post harvest qualitative degradations
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STORED PRODUCT PESTS Include beetles, moth and mites Infest whole grains or processed foods First sign : Appearance of small
beetles crawling over counter tops So we need some management
practicesConventional Non conventional
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NON CONVENTIONAL METHODS
Bulk commodity storage Pheromone/ food attractant monitoring Near infra red spectroscopy Electronic nose technology Physical control Inert dusts Ionizing radiation Light and sound
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NON CONVENTIONAL METHODS (CONT…) Thermal control High temperature infestation Ozonation Fumigation Semiochemicals Repellents Microbial control Insect growth regulators
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BULK COMMODITY STORAGE
Observation of commodity surface
Examination of commodity samples
Probe traps inserted in surface of
grain masses
Temperature monitoring
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PHEROMONE/ FOOD ATTRACTANT MONITORING
Most promising technique
Used for monitoring populations
Earlier detection with low level infestations
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NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY Includes
Classification of insect species Detection of internal insect pests Distinguishing between unparasitisized
weevil larvae and those parasitisized by wasps
Advantages of NIR compared to mid IRLower sensor costs Less sample preparation
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ELECTRONIC NOSE TECHNOLOGY Detect the quality changes in cereal
grains early Detect fungal deterioration Coupled with neural network systems Remote control Effective long term management of
grains
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PHYSICAL CONTROL Manipulating physical environment or
applying physical treatment Physical environment includes
Temperature RH Grain moisture content
Physical treatment Mechanical impact Physical removal Physical barriers to prevent entrance
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INERT DUSTS Chemically unreactive dusts Have insecticidal quality Killing by physical rather than chemical
means
Effectiveness decrease with increase RH Some inert dusts
Sands, Remains of diatoms, Silica aerogel, Particle films
Stored products
Pests get Dehydrate & Die
Inert dusts
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IONIZING RADIATION Two types of radiation is used
Gamma radiation : Produced by cobalt 60 Beta radiation : Generated
electrically Safer and easier to work Damage the organism by production of ions
or free radicals Higher dose : Immediate death Lower dose : Sterilization
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LIGHT AND SOUND Used in luring flying insects in to traps 5 minute, 1MHz sound,26C Commercial application is unexpected
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THERMAL CONTROL Controlled by lower temperature 25 - 35 C Reduce insect development
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HIGH TEMPERAURE DISINFESTATION 60 - 65 C Fluidized beds Conveyors Counter flow heat exchanger High frequency waves Micro waves Solar radiation Bake out : Heated around 50 C
Assisted by dryacide
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OZONATION Offers safety advantages over conventional
post harvest pesticides No stores of toxic chemicals Leaving no residue on product If possible it can be neutralized
Sterillant Pest control agent : < 45ppm level
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FUMIGATION Gaseous pesticides Enters body and spread all over Phospine, Methyl bromide : common fumigants Recently used ones are,
Sulphuryl fluoride Carbonyl sulphide Ethyl dinitrile Ethyl formate
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SEMIOCHEMICALS
Natural compounds from plant sources
Advantages
Low mammalian toxicity
Rapid degradation
Local availability
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REPELLENTS Prevent pests from entering food Piperonyl butoxide Methyl salicylate DEET Neem Protein enriched pea flour
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MICROBIAL CONTROL Natural enemies used Generally Bt is used No poisoning or chronic problems Two commonly used entomopathogens
are, Bacillus thuringiensis
Beauveria bassiana
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INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS
Control molting in insects
Do not exhibit quick knock down or cause
mortality
Long term exposure to IGRs stops the
population growth
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SUMMARY Bulk commodity
storage Pheromone/ food
attractant monitoring Near infra red
spectroscopy Electronic nose
technology Physical control Inert dusts Ionizing radiation Light and sound
Thermal control High temperature
infestation Ozonation Fumigation Semiochemicals Repellents Microbial control Insect growth
regulators
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