INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

A Clean Environment Towards Sustainable

Development

Putrajaya, MalaysiaAugust 4–6, 2003

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AN ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION

OF A FISHING VILLAGE IN KUDAT, SABAH,

MALAYSIA

DR. ARBA’AT HASSANUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

arbaat@yahoo.com2

FIG 1: MALAYSIA, LOCATION OF SABAH

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TOPICS FOR PRESENTATIONA. IntroductionB. ObjectivesC. ProblemsD. MethodologyE. Data AnalysisF. Conclusions G. Recommendations

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A. Introduction

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A. Introduction

Geography: Kudat─a district in Sabah

Location: northeast coast Area: 1,300 km2 (Fig. 1 & 2) Population: 65,989 (Sabah, 2003) Products: wet + dry rice-paddy,

rubber, cocoa, palm oil, & fishing industry.

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FIG 2: LOCATION OF KUDAT, SABAH

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FIG 3: KG BAHAGIA, KUDAT

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A. Introduction… Research area: Kg Bahagia, Kudat Location: near sea, 1.5km to town

(Fig. 3) Population: ± 3,000 (Sabah, 2003) Economy: low income

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Problems: socio-economy & development

Socio-economy: low income (fishing & agriculture)

Development: access road, housings, schools, water supply ─ poor

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Education standard: low Knowledge & Awareness: low Public health/Hygiene: low Living env’t: filthy & smelly Low edu & envt’l std: affect

community quality of living

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B. Objectives

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B. Objectives

1. To evaluate status socio-economic + environment

2. To estimate degree of problems3. To assist policy maker identifies

problems4. To recommend possible solutions

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C. Problems

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C. Problems1. Employment2. Water supply3. Sanitation4. Garbage disposal 5. Schooling 6. Housing

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1. Employment

> 50% residents: fishermen Properties: old fishing boats Income: minimal (day-by-day basis)

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i. Employment

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i. Employment

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2a. Water Supply

Water supply: improper/unsafe Source: man-made wells Condition: salty, brownish, & smelly (use for all purposes)

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ii) Water Supply

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2b. Electricity Supply Location: ± 1.5 km to town Electricity supply: poor Residents use: candles, kerosene lights, few: generators

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3. Sanitation Sanitation/toilets: not proper Defecation in the sea along the beach in the bush behind big rocks + on the ground Consequences: create problems

at residential area, playing ground + beach itself

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vii) Housing Facilities

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4. Garbage Disposal Facility: not available Dump sites: in the sea along the beach anywhere convenience

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v) Garbage Disposal

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vii) Housing Facilities

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Schools: not found Children: go to adjacent school

Education level: minimal ─ affecting quality of living

5. Schooling

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6. Housing Settlement: not properly planned Houses: close to each other, side-by-side

Improve living quality: difficult for better access road + other facilities

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vii) Housing Facilities

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D. Methodology

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D. Methodology Data collection: i. field observations ii. oral interviews iii. questionnaire surveys Data organization: tabulation & SAS Reports: analyzing, interpreting, and

writing

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Methodology

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E. Data Analysis

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E. Analysis Analysis of problems: I. Demographic II. Perceptions (knowledge on environmental & need) Results: in % and means

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Likert Scale Respondents perceptions based

on five-point scale:4 = A complete extent 3 = A moderate extent

2 = A little extent 1 = No extent 0 = Do not know

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ITEM RESPONDENTS

Male 120 (52%)

Female 110 (48%)

Table 1: Demographic Data (n=230)

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AGES RESPONDENTS (%)

< 30 1231 – 35 2036 – 40 36

> 40 32

Table 2: Ages (years)

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OCCUPATIONS RESPONDENTS (%)

Govt servants 08Fishermen 40

Self-employed 20Not-employed 32

Table 3: Occupations

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FACILITIES MEAN RESPONSES

Clean water 4.00Electricity 4.00Sanitary 3.96Garbage disposal

3.96

Table 4: Facility Needs

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TYPES MEAN RESPONSES

Man-made wells

3.92

Ponds 1.52Rivers 1.28

Neighborhood 1.72

Table 5: Water Resources

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TYPES MEAN RESPONSES

Own toilets 0.16Beach/Sea 4.00

Bush 1.32Anywhere 1.64

Table 6: Sanitation

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METHODS MEAN RESPONSES

Burning 3.56Burying 1.64

Beach/Sea 3.88Anywhere 1.48

Table 7: Disposing Garbage

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EXTENT RESPONDENTS (%)Complete Extent

0

Moderate 20Little Extent 56Don’t Know 24

Table 8: Perceptions of Knowledge on Environment

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F. Conclusions

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F. Conclusions Need basic facilities (A Complete

Extent) Income level: below std of living Education + knowledge on

environment: low (A Little Extent) All research findings have impact

on social & environment (A Moderate Extent)

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G. Recommendations

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G. Recommendations Improve basic needs: education,

health programs, and infrastructure Improve level of economy Promote program to upgrade fishing

boats Conduct further research. Provide

recommendations to District Authority

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THANK

YOU49