1. 24th IUFRO World Congress: Sustaining Forests, Sustaining
People: The RoleUnderstanding Tenure Security in theImplementation
of Reforms: ClarifyingConcepts and Methods6 October, 2014of
Research, October 5-11, 2014Mani Ram Banjade
2. OutlineMotivationResearch objectivesWhat is forest
tenure?Tenure securityDomains of tenure securityResearch approach
and methods
3. Why to study forest tenure?Changing contextof tenure
reformHistoricalanalysis ofemergence anddevelopment oftenure
reformFragmentedstudies: Focuseither on policyor outcomesA
comprehensiveresearch onpolicies and laws,implementationprocess
andoutcomesVaried outcomesof forest tenurereformimplementation
Outcomes onlivelihoods,forest resourceand tenuresecurity
Challenges
4. Motivation: Paper vs on the groundOn paper: Between
2002-2013 considerable increase (128.5Mha) in forest area under
ownership of or designated forlocal communities (RRI, 2014)On the
ground: Closeto 2 decades of reformsostensibly aimed atsecuring
local tenureImprove livelihoodsIncentives forsustainable
landmanagementUneven, with mixed results:Not ambitious enough/full
rights?Customary systems unaccountedforOn-going external threats
viacompeting usesInternal differentiation, includinggender
Implementation gaps/bottlenecks
5. Objectives Establish how forest tenure reformsemerge, and
document experiences andoptions for formal approaches to
securingcustomary rights. Identify impacts of tenure reform
onrights and access of women, poor men andethnic minorities to
forests and trees. Identify factors that constrain
reformimplementation. Disseminate lessons learned andknowledge
generated at sub-national,national, regional and international
levels.
6. PurposeGetting your feedback on concepts of tenuresecurity
to help us organize the methods forthe study across 3 countries in
3 world regions
7. What is forest tenure? the social relations and institutions
governing access to anduse of land and forest resources (Larson et
al. 2012). Forest tenure systems State forest tenure systems vs
community forest tenuresystem (Safitri, 2010) Formal vs informal
systems Whose rights: Rights assigned to individual,
group,communal, customary or state De jure vs de facto rights
8. Bundle of rights Schlager and Ostrom (1992): access,manage,
exclude and alienate FAO, 2011: rights to use, manage,
control,market products, inherit, sell, transfer,dispose of, lease
or mortgage. RRI 2012: access, withdrawal,management, exclusion,
alienation,duration and extinguishability of Rights Management
rights: Rule-making,compliance monitoring and disputesadjudication
(Agrawal and Ostrom 2008)
9. Tenure Security Mwangi and Meinzen-Dick (2009: 310): the
ability of anindividual [or group] to appropriate resources on a
continuousbasis, free from imposition, dispute or approbation from
outsidesources It is the certainty of scope of rights and duration.
Tenure security involves what rights, for whom, for how long,with
what certainty Analysis differs based on domains of tenure
security: normativeor statutory provisions (legal statements),
actual practices(enforcement of formal rights and social norms),
how actorsperceive them, and consideration beyond lived
experience
12. Actual tenure security Interaction of actors, rulesand
power Compliance Conflicts and conflictresolution
Technocratic/managerialdimensions: motivations,incentives,
capacities,budgets/staffing
13. Perception of tenure securityPerception of the certainty of
the rights irrespectiveof the breath or the duration of rights
offered.