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GREEN WALLAn Overview
Contents• Introduction• History of Green Walls• Types of Green Walls• Benefits of Green Walls• Main Factors• Special Cases• Challenges• Conclusion
Introduction• Increased environmental
consciousness• Sustainable development• Greening of buildings• Green walls
History of Green Walls
The hanging gardens of Babylon
Some important developments• 1920s: The British and North American garden city movement promote
the integration of house and garden through features such as self-clinging climbing plants.
• 1988: Introduction of a stainless steel cable system for green facades. • 1990s:Introduction of Cable and wire-rope net systems• 1993: First major application of a trellis panel system in California• 1994: Indoor living wall with bio-filtration system installed in Canada• 2002: The MFO Park opened in Switzerland. The project featured over
1,300 high par climbing plants.• 2005: The Japanese government sponsored a massive green wall in Expo
2005, comprised of 30 different modular green wall systems available in Japan.
• 2007: Seattle implements the Green Factor, which includes green walls.
Different TypesGreen Wall
Green Facades
Cable and Wire-Rope Net
Systems
Modular Trellis Panel
System
Living Walls
Modular Living Wall
Vegetated Mat Wall
Green FacadesClimbing plants or cascading groundcovers to cover
specially designed supporting structuresRooted at the base of these structures, in the
ground, in intermediate planters or on rooftopsSelf-clinging plants such as English ivyTheir sucker root attach directly to a wall, covering
entire surfacesThese can damage unsuitable walls and/or cause
difficulties when the time comes for maintenance.
Green Facades
Cable and Wire-Rope Net SystemsCables are employed to support faster
growing climbing plants with denser foliageWire-nets are used to support slower growing
plants that need supports at closer intervals
Modular Trellis Panel Systemlight weight, three-dimensional panel made
from a galvanized and welded steel wireBecause of the panels are rigid, they can span
between structures and can also be used for freestanding green walls.
Living WallsPre-vegetated panels, vertical modules or planted
blankets, fixed vertically to a structural wall or frame
Panels made of plastic, expanded polystyrene, synthetic fabric, clay, metal, and concrete
Support a great diversity and density of plant species
There are various forms, with the main differences between interior and exterior designs.
Living Walls
Modular Living WallEmerged from the use of modules for green
roof applications, with a number of technological innovations
Often pre-grown, providing an 'instant' green effect upon completion of the installation
Vegetated Mat WallComposed of two layers of synthetic fabric
with pockets that physically support plants and growing media
Nutrients distributed through an irrigation system that cycles water from the top to down
BENEFITS OF GREEN FACADES AND LIVING WALLS
PUBLIC/PRIVATE BENEFITSArea of impact Description Benefits
Reduce urban heat island effect
Temperature rise in urban areas caused by the replacement of natural vegetation by other structures
Promotes natural cooling and reduces temperature.
Improved exterior air quality
Modern urban environments are having high concentration of air pollutants
Captures airborne pollutants and filters particulate matter
Aesthetic improvement
studies have linked the presence of plants to improved human health and mental well being
•Creates visual interest•Increases property values•Hides unsightly features
Building structure protection
Buildings are exposed to the weathering and cause deterioration
Protects exterior from UV radiation and temperature fluctuations
Improved energy efficiency
Improves thermal insulation capacity through external temperature regulation
Reduces ambient Temperature
Improved indoor air quality
Filter contaminates that are flushed out of buildings through traditional ventilation systems
Captures airborne pollutants such as dust and pollen
Environmental BenefitsOffer cooling in the city through direct shading
and evaporate transpirationFilters gaseous and particulate pollutants from
the atmosphere in the urban environment
Economical Benefits
Reduce climatic stress on building and increase the service and practical life of buildings and reduce cost on the painting materialsReduce energy used for cooling vastly
Aesthetics
Well designed green walls provide good aesthetic look
Other benefits
Increased biodiversityUrban agriculture
MAIN FACTORS
Plant selectionIrrigation
1. Elements of a Living Wall
2. Factors for Successful Green Facades
i. Attachment to building envelope ii. Calculation of structural loadsiii. Plant selectioniv. Plant maintenancev. Registered manufactures and trained
installers
3.Factors Affecting Living Walls
i. Irrigationii. Use correctly specified plantsiii. Consideration of the microclimatesiv. Growing medium
4. Cost
i. Project size. ii. Design team costs.iii. System type.iv. Support structure requirements. v. Building location. vi. Complexity of design.vii. Use of standard or custom components.
5. Maintenance
• Different plants will have different irrigation and nutrient requirements
• Cable and wire-rope system require periodic checking to ensure that the elements are properly in place as the plants mature
• Living walls require regular irrigation and degree of maintenance required will depend on the type of living wall system and the vegetation used.
• Aesthetic qualities expected by client
SPECIAL CASES
1. Loose Medium Wall2. Mat Medium Wall3. Structural Media Wall4. Pro Wall5. Versa Wall Systems
CHALANGES
1.Expense2.Heavy Load3.Maintenance
CONCLUSIONS
• Green walls provide an efficient tool in energy saving, bio diversity and temperature-air control
• Offer a new emerging way to a green built environment
• Still under research, not commonly practiced in India, but in foreign countries like USA, Japan & France
• To be hoped that the development of experience & knowledge of benefits will encourage people to switch to green built construction.